Astralium, common name star snails, is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails and star snails.[2]
| Astralium | |
|---|---|
| |
| Several views of Astralium calcar | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Order: | Trochida |
| Superfamily: | Trochoidea |
| Family: | Turbinidae |
| Genus: | Astralium Link, 1807[1] |
| Type species | |
| Turbo calcar Linnaeus, 1758
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| Synonyms | |
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Description
editIn Astralium a very rapidly enlarging whorl starts from the multispiral nucleus, forming far the greater portion of the operculum, and usually leaving a pit at the starting point.[3]
Distribution
editThis marine genus has a wide distribution ranging from the Eastern Indian Ocean to China and Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia, East India, the Maldives and Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia).
Species
editAccording to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following species are included within the genus Astralium :[4]
- Astralium asteriscum (Reeve, 1843)
- Astralium calcar (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Astralium confragosum (Gould, 1851)
- Astralium danieli (Alf & Kreipl, 2006)
- Astralium dekkeri (Thach, 2018)
- Astralium haematragum (Menke, 1829)
- Astralium heimburgi (Dunker, 1882)
- Astralium lapillus Reeve, 1863
- Astralium latispina (Philippi, 1844)
- Astralium milloni (B. Salvat, F. Salvat & Richard, 1973)
- Astralium nakamineae (Habe & Okutani, 1981)
- Astralium okamotoi Kuroda & Habe, 1961
- Astralium pileolum (Reeve, 1842)
- Astralium provisorium Schepman, 1908
- Astralium rhodostomum (Lamarck, 1822)
- Astralium rotularium (Lamarck, 1822)
- Astralium saturnum Chino, 1999
- Astralium semicostatum (Kiener, 1850)
- Astralium stellare (Gmelin, 1791)
- Astralium tentoriiforme (Jonas, 1845)
- Astralium tentorium (Thiele, 1930)
- Astralium wallisi (Iredale, 1937)
Another number of species are also mentioned in the Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database :[5]
- Astralium (Astralium) loochooensis (Mcneil, 1960): Possibly mistook of Buccinaria loochooensis MacNeil, 1961, the nearest match.
- Astralium turcicus Reeve, 1848
- Astralium yamamurae Habe & Kosuge, 1966
- Species brought into synonymy
- Astralium abyssorum Schepman, 1908: synonym of Bolma henica (Watson, 1885)
- Astralium americanum (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Lithopoma americanum (Gmelin, 1791)
- Astralium andersoni E.A. Smith, 1902: synonym of Bolma andersoni (E. A. Smith, 1902)
- Astralium aureolum Hedley, 1907: synonym of Bolma aureola (Hedley, 1907)
- Astralium aureum (Jonas, 1844): synonym of Bellastraea aurea (Jonas, 1844)
- Astralium bathyrhaphe Smith, 1899: synonym of Bolma bathyraphis (E. A. Smith, 1899)
- Astralium brevispina (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Lithopoma brevispina (Lamarck, 1822)
- Astralium cepoides E.A. Smith, 1880: synonym of Turbo cepoides E.A. Smith, 1880
- Astralium deplanatum Link, H.F., 1807: synonym of Lithopoma phoebium (Röding, 1798)
- Astralium fimbriatum Tryon, 1888: synonym of Bellastraea squamifera (Iredale, 1924)
- Astralium gilchristi G.B. Sowerby III, 1903: synonym of Bolma bathyraphis (E. A. Smith, 1899)
- Astralium guadeloupense Crosse, H., 1865: synonym of Lithopoma tectum (Lightfoot, 1786)
- Astralium johnstoni Odhner, 1923: synonym of Bolma johnstoni (Odhner, 1923)
- Astralium mactanense Habe & Okutani, 1980: synonym of Astralium lapillus Reeve, 1863
- Astralium moniliferum Hedley & Willey, 1896: synonym of Guildfordia monilifera (Hedley & Willey, 1896)
- Astralium phoebium (Röding, 1798): synonym of Lithopoma phoebium (Röding, 1798)
- Astralium plicatospinosum Pilsbry, 1889: synonym of Astralium confragosum (Gould, 1851)
- Astralium roseobasis Kreipl & Dekker, 2003: synonym of Astralium provisorium (Schepman, 1903)
- Astralium rutidoloma (Tate, 1893) synonym of Bellastraea rutidoloma (Tate, 1893)
- Astralium semicostatum (P. Fischer, 1875): synonym of Astralium semicostatum (Kiener, 1850)
- Astralium squamiferum (Koch, 1844): synonym of Bellastraea squamifera (Koch, 1844)
- Astralium tayloriana Odhner, 1923: synonym of Bolma tayloriana (E. A. Smith, 1880)
- Astralium titania Röding, P.F., 1798: synonym of Lithopoma phoebium (Röding, 1798)
- Astralium triumphans (Philippi, 1841): synonym of Guildfordia triumphans (Philippi, 1841)
- Astralium tuberosum (Philippi): synonym of Astralium rhodostomum (Lamarck, 1822)
- Astralium (Bolma) modestus var. girgyllus (Reeve, 1843): synonym of Bolma modesta (Reeve, 1843)
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Astralium lapillus -
Astralium lapillus
References
edit- ^ Link (1807). Beschr. Nat. Samml. Univ. Rostock (3): 135.
- ^ Bouchet, P. (2012). Astralium Link, 1807. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=204985 on 2012-09-09
- ^ G.W. Tryon (1888), Manual of Conchology X; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
- ^ WoRMS : Astralium
- ^ OBIS : Astralium
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Astralium.
- "Lithopoma phoebium". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
- Link, D. H. F. (1807-1808). Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock. Rostock, Adlers Erben. 1 Abt. [Part 1], pp. 1–50; 2 Abt. [Part 2], pp. 51–100; 3 Abt. [Part 3], pp. 101–165; Abt. 4 [Part 4],pp. 1–30; Abt. 5 [Part 5], pp. 1–38 [1808]; Abt. 6 [Part 6], pp. 1–38