Arthur Murphy may refer to:
- Arthur Murphy (writer) (1727–1805), pseudonym Charles Ranger, Irish writer
- Arthur Murphy (broadcaster) (1928–2019), Irish television and radio broadcaster
- Arthur Edward Murphy (1901–1962), American philosopher
- Arthur G. Murphy Sr. (died 1978), American politician in the Maryland House of Delegates
- Arthur H. Murphy (1831–1903), Canadian entrepreneur and political figure in Quebec
- Arthur Murphy (Idaho politician) (1898–1977), American politician from Idaho
- Arthur P. Murphy (1870–1914), U.S. Representative from Missouri
- Arthur W. Murphy, law professor at Columbia University
- Arthur William Murphy (1891–1963), Australian engineer and aviator in the Royal Australian Air Force
- Art Murphy (1942–2006), American classical and jazz musician, pianist and composer