Apera is a small genus of annual grasses,[5] known commonly as silkybent grass or windgrass. They are native to Europe, North Africa and parts of Asia but have been introduced and naturalized in much of North and South America.[4][6][7][8]
| Apera | |
|---|---|
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| |
| Apera spica-venti[3] | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Supertribe: | Poodae |
| Tribe: | Poeae |
| Subtribe: | Ventenatinae |
| Genus: | Apera Adans.[1] |
| Type species | |
| Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv.[2]
| |
| Synonyms[4] | |
| |
- Apera baytopiana Dogan - Muğla Province in southwestern Turkey
- Apera intermedia Hack. - Turkey, Aegean Islands, Iraq, Iran, Caucasus; naturalized in Primorye
- Apera interrupta (L.) P.Beauv. - dense silkybent, interrupted windgrass - Eurasia and North Africa from Portugal to Sweden to Algeria to Kazakhstan; naturalized in Argentina, Chile, United States, Canada
- Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv. - loose silkybent, common windgrass - Eurasia and North Africa from Canary Islands to Denmark to Yakutia; naturalized in United States, Canada, and Russian Far East
- Apera triaristata Dogan - Denizli Province in southwestern Turkey
- formerly included[4]
see Agrostis Anemanthele Dichelachne Muhlenbergia Sporobolus
- Apera arundinacea - Anemanthele lessoniana
- Apera aspera - Sporobolus compositus
- Apera crinita - Dichelachne crinita
- Apera liebmannii - Agrostis liebmannii
- Apera palustris - Agrostis stolonifera
- Apera procumbens - Agrostis stolonifera
- Apera purpurascens - Anemanthele lessoniana
- Apera tenuiflora - Muhlenbergia tenuiflora
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Adanson, Michel 1763. Familles des Plantes 2: 495 in French
- ^ Tropicos, Apera Adans.
- ^ early 19th-Century illustration of Apera spica-venti from http://www.illustratedgarden.org/mobot/rarebooks/page.asp?relation=QK495F19H671801V3&identifier=0165 Title: Icones et descriptiones Graminum austriacorum Author(s): Host, Nikolaus Thomas Schmidt, A Ibmayer, J Publisher: Vindobonae : A. Schmidt, 1801-1809.
- ^ a b c d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. (2008). "The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references". The Grass Genera of the World. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
- ^ Cabi, E. & M. Doğan. 2012. Poaceae. 690–756. In A. Güner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural & M. T. Babaç (eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, Istanbul
- ^ Jepson Manual Treatment
- ^ United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile
- ^ The Plant List search for Apera
- ^ Biota of North America 2013 county distribution maps
- ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Apera