Anoplognathus aureus, commonly known as the gold Christmas beetle, is a beetle of the family Scarabaeidae native to northern Australia,[1] from northeastern Queensland to northern Western Australia. It is prized by collectors.[2]
| Anoplognathus aureus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Scarabaeidae |
| Genus: | Anoplognathus |
| Species: | A. aureus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Anoplognathus aureus Waterhouse, 1889
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
English entomologist Charles Owen Waterhouse described the gold Christmas beetle in 1889.[3] The species name is the Latin adjective aureus "golden". The Reverend Thomas Blackburn described Calloodes frenchi in 1890, from a specimen given to him by Australian entomologist Charles French. Blackburn doubted the genus Calloodes was distinct from Anoplognathus.[4] Blackburn described Anoplognathus concinnus in 1900, which turned out to be a red-brown colour variant of this species.[5]
The beetle is a brass-gold,[3] gold or shiny red-brown colour with red-brown legs. Red-brown beetles have a gold sheen on their mesosternum and abdomen,[6] and behind the head.[5] The male is 12.5–14 millimetres (0.49–0.55 in) long, while the female is 14.5–16.5 millimetres (0.57–0.65 in) long. The margins of the male's scutellum have a purple tinge. The male's clypeus has a narrowed apex while that of the female has a more rounded shape. The elytra are smooth or have fine grooves along the sides. The pygidium is shallowly convex in profile.[6]
It is found in north Queensland from Cairns and Mossman south to Innisfail, and has been recorded from Broome in Western Australia.[7] It is not commonly encountered.[2]
It has been recorded on Hibiscus tiliaceus, Breynia cernua and Tristemma mauritianum.[6] There is some evidence it attacks sugarcane crops on the Atherton Tableland.[8]
References
edit- ^ Australian Biological Resources Study (17 December 2010). "Species Anoplognathus aureus Waterhouse, 1889". Australian Faunal Directory. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
- ^ a b Hangay, George; Zborowski, Paul (2010). A Guide to the Beetles of Australia. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-643-10193-7.
- ^ a b Waterhouse, Charles Own (1889). ". Descriptions of two new Coleoptera in the British Museum (Buprestidae and Rutelidae)". Annals of Natural History. 3 (16): 360–61. doi:10.1080/00222938909460345.
- ^ Blackburn, Thomas (1890). "Notes on Australian Coleoptera, with descriptions of new species. Part VI". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 15: 147–56 [148].
- ^ a b Arrow, Gilbert J. (1919). "XLI.— Notes on Ruteline Coleoptera and descriptions of a few new species in the British Museum". Journal of Natural History. 4 (24): 379–85. doi:10.1080/00222931908673907.
- ^ a b c Carne, P.B. (1957). "A revision of the ruteline genus Anoplognathus Leach (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)". Australian Journal of Zoology. 5 (1): 88–143 [127]. doi:10.1071/zo9570088.
- ^ Carne, P.B. (1981). "Three new species of anoplognathus leach, and new distribution records for poorly known species (coleoptera: scarabaeidea: rutelinae)". Austral Entomology. 20 (4): 289–294. doi:10.1111/j.1440-6055.1981.tb01049.x. S2CID 85151754.
- ^ Sallam, N.; Burgess, D.J.W.; Lowe, G.E.; Peck, D.R. (2011). "Survey of sugarcane pests and their natural enemies on the Atherton Tableland, far north Queensland" (PDF). Proc Aust Soc Sugar Cane Technol. 33: 1–8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-12. Retrieved 2017-12-18.