Anneliese Graes (November 5, 1930 – June 1, 1992) was a chief detective (1951–1991) from Essen, Germany, who acted as mediator between German officials and Black September terrorists during the 1972 Munich Olympic Games after eight Black September terrorists broke into the Israeli Olympic delegation building at 31 Connollystrasse, taking eleven of the Israeli delegation hostage during the early hours of 5 September 1972.[1][2][3]
Involvement in the Munich Massacre
editGraes had volunteered to work as one of 2,000 Olympic security guards during the 1972 Munich Olympic Games.[4] Upon hearing of the hostage taking Graes rushed to 31 Connollystraße to volunteer as intermediary.[5] According to Simon Reeve, author of the book One Day in September, Graes had a mature, easy manner which her superiors had hoped would put the terrorists at ease.[6]
At 8:10 am Graes made her way to 31 Connollystraße to replace Frau Lauterbach, a young policewoman who had already gone to 31 Connollystraße to establish contact with the terrorists.[4] Although Simon Reeve intimates that Graes volunteered to be an intermediary and was chosen by Manfred Schreiber for the task, it appears Graes went to the scene of her own volition and began to act as intermediary without any prior instruction from her superiors.[7][1] She would act as the intermediary between the Black September leader Luttif Afif and the German delegation until the terrorists and Israeli hostages left 31 Connollystraße via the underground car park by bus, and then to waiting helicopters which were supposed to transport them to Fürstenfeldbruck Air Base.
It was clear from the outset that Afif was quite comfortable with Graes, both could be seen chatting regularly in front of 31 Connollystraße when Afif was not involved in negotiations with the German delegation. Afif told Graes about his life, most of which was corroborated later by Palestinian sources.[8] Afif offered Graes cigarettes and even shared food with Graes; at one point both could be seen eating bananas and then tossing the skins through the front door of 31 Connollystraße before Afif picked them up.[9]
Aftermath
editGraes gave evidence to the official Bavarian pre-criminal investigation into the events of 5 September.[10]
In 1974 Graes was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany for her actions. She only rarely spoke about her involvement in the Munich crisis and refused all offers of money for her story regarding the events of that day.[1]
Death
editGraes died in Bottrop, Germany, aged 62. She requested she be buried with her Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.[1]
In popular media
edit21 Hours at Munich, a 1976 feature film about the events in Munich
München 72, a 2012 German TV feature film[11]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Rundfunk, Astrid Freyeisen , Bayerischer (4 September 2017). "Olympia-Attentat 1972: Anneliese Graes - Protokoll eines Schreckenstags | BR.de" (in German). Retrieved 20 June 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Kellerhoff, Sven Felix (5 August 2012). "Geiseldrama bei Olympia: München 1972 – das Protokoll einer Katastrophe". DIE WELT. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ^ "Das Massaker von München". FOCUS Online (in German). Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ^ a b Reeve, Simon (2005). One day in September : the story of the 1972 Munich Olympics massacre and Israeli revenge operation 'Wrath of God'. London: Faber. p. 17. ISBN 0571231810.
- ^ Farrell, Courtney (1 January 2010). Terror at the Munich Olympics. ABDO. p. 56. ISBN 9781616133337.
Anneliese graes.
- ^ Reeve, Simon (2005). One day in September : the story of the 1972 Munich Olympics massacre and Israeli revenge operation 'Wrath of God'. London: Faber. p. 18. ISBN 0571231810.
- ^ Reeve, Simon (2005). One day in September : the story of the 1972 Munich Olympics massacre and Israeli revenge operation 'Wrath of God'. London: Faber. ISBN 0571231810.
- ^ Reeve, Simon (2005). One day in September : the story of the 1972 Munich Olympics massacre and Israeli revenge operation 'Wrath of God'. London: Faber. p. 306. ISBN 0571231810.
- ^ Reeve, Simon (2005). One day in September: the story of the 1972 Munich Olympics massacre and Israeli revenge operation 'Wrath of God'. London: Faber. p. 107. ISBN 0571231810.
- ^ Reeve, Simon (2005). One day in September: the story of the 1972 Munich Olympics massacre and Israeli revenge operation 'Wrath of God'. London: Faber. p. 302. ISBN 0571231810.
- ^ "- "Das war eine sehr spannende Reise für mich"". Deutschlandfunk (in German). Retrieved 21 June 2018.