The expression Ancient Europe may be used in a variety of senses:
- The ancient concept of Europa in Greek geography, in origin "the landmass adjacent to Thrace"
- Europa (ancient geography)
- Europa (Roman province), in the Diocese of Thrace
- The territory of Europe (the continent according to its modern definition) in "ancient times":
- Prehistoric Europe, human presence in Europe before recorded history
- Neolithic Europe, 7000 BCE to 1700 BCE
- Bronze Age Europe
- Iron Age Europe
- The territories of Europe participating in Classical antiquity
- Ancient Greece
- Ancient Rome
- Illyria
- Hellenistic period, emergence of the Roman Empire
- Roman Empire, the post-Roman Republic period
- Late antiquity, from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages
- Prehistoric Europe, human presence in Europe before recorded history