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Amtrak Standard Stations Program

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The Amtrak Standard Stations Program was an effort by Amtrak to create a standardized station design. The railroad launched the effort in 1978 to reduce costs, speed construction, and improve its corporate image. These stations became colloquially known as "Amshacks," a portmanteau of "Amtrak" and "shack," due to their small size and shape.

Interior and exterior of former Dearborn station building, constructed in 1978 and closed in 2014

Background

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When Amtrak was founded in 1971, it had no facilities beyond the station buildings and depots inherited from its constituent railroads. Many were in disrepair.[1] Elsewhere, route realignments, ownership conflicts, or a lack of existing facilities required the construction of new station houses.[1] Additionally, existing grand terminals in many large cities were larger than Amtrak needed and were expensive to retain. These reasons and others prompted the effort to provide those locations with more modern and appropriately sized facilities.[1]

 
Cleveland Lakefront Station, seen near opening in July 1977, was an early Amtrak attempt to design and build a modern train station.

The first new station Amtrak built was Cincinnati River Road in 1973.[2] Other early attempts by Amtrak to create a modest "modern" station design include the 1975 Richmond Staples Mill Road station and 1977 Cleveland Lakefront station. Amtrak president Paul Reistrup expressed a desire for Amtrak stations to look familiar in each locality.[2]

Amtrak formally outlined its Standard Stations Program in its 1978 Standard Stations Program Executive Summary.[3] The program was intended to amplify a sleek, modern image.[1] It was also intended to foster a unified corporate identity through a consistent "look" and branding, with each standard station using not only one of several similar station building designs, but also the same interior and exterior finishes, signage, and seating.[1] The program's manual outlined the reasoning for such efforts:

Amtrak is not a railroad of the past, but rather, a transportation system of the present and future. We must compete with the airlines and their jetports, the interstate highway system and its convenient and modern service stations and restaurants, and inter-city busses with their new or upgraded terminals.

Our passenger stations are also our only permanent presence in most communities…Amtrak’s public image can be greatly enhanced, or easily destroyed by our facilities.

Unlike the railroads of the past, we have no place for grandiose, monumental stations that cannot be financed by our projected revenues.

— Amtrak Standard Stations Program Manual[1]

Standard designs were seen as cost-efficient, as they would eliminate design costs that would otherwise be incurred with each and every station were they uniquely designed, and would also expedite construction.[1][2]

This was not unprecedented. Past American railroads had sometimes built stations in similarly sized communities to a standardized size and design.[4]

Station designs

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Model of a standard station
 
Amtrak model 50S station plans

The station structures were intended to be functional, flexible, and cost-efficient.[1] With spikes in ridership during the 1970s due to oil shortages, there was a perceived potential for permanent ridership gains.[1] Therefore, Amtrak designed the stations to be easily expanded.[1] End walls of the stations were designed to be able to be removed in order to build additions without incurring disruptions to the functioning of the stations.[1][2]

Designs were mostly rectangular, and all except the largest model were one story.[1][2] Walls were to be built of either textured, precast concrete panels, split concrete block or brick in what was described as a “play of bronze and tan” colors.[1][2] A prominent cantilevered, flat black metal roof was to sit atop the buildings, with deep eaves to protect passengers from bad weather.[1][2][5] Stations had floor-to-ceiling windows.[1][5] Often, the top edge of the walls had a band of clerestory windows, which from a distance provided an optical illusion that the roof was floating above the station.[1] The square footage and amenities of stations were to be determined by what their peak hour passenger count was.[1]

Five initial standard station design models were presented with varying ideal sizes and intended capacities:[1]

  • Type 300A
    • The largest model was designed to accommodate 300 or more passengers at a time. This design was 18,100 square feet (1,680 m2) and was to be ideally located on a 8.9-acre (3.6 ha) parcel.[1] The two built examples of this design are the Miami and Midway stations.[1]
  • Type 150B
    • a 8,220-square-foot (764 m2) station for a peak count of 150–300 passengers, on a five-acre (2 ha) parcel[1]
  • Type 50C and 50S
    • a 1,920-square-foot (178 m2) station for a peak count of 50–150 passengers, on a four-acre (1.6 ha) parcel[1]
  • Type 25D
    • a 1,150-square-foot (107 m2) station for a peak count of 25–50 passengers, on a two-acre (0.8 ha) site[1]
  • Type E
    • an unmanned station, 240 square feet (22 m2) for a peak count of fewer than 25 passengers, ideally situated on a one-acre (4,000 m2) parcel[1]

Additional design types used included:

  • Type 75C, measuring 81 feet (25 m) by 45 feet (14 m), this 3,750 square feet (348 m2) model was designed to accodate 75 people at a time, with seating for 48. Expandable to accommodate more passengers. The design includes a small lounge, a baggage room, an office, and restrooms. Roughly half of its interior space dedicated to its waiting room.[6]

Outcome

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Midway, one of two 300A stations, constructed in 1978

Amtrak constructed standard stations in the 1970s and 1980s,[1] but ultimately built relatively few of them.[2] Strapped for funds, it instead gravitated towards either building even cheaper modular stations or seeking local funding for station development, in some cases even cooperating with private developers.[2] Many "stations" opened in the 1980s and 1990s were very minimal, sometimes lacking any facilities besides a platform and appropriate signage or only featuring simple bus stop-style platform shelters. Many of the standard stations have been replaced with more modern intermodal facilities or replaced by restored service at previously-used historic stations from the 2000s onward.

List of standard stations

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Hammond–Whiting station, constructed in 1982
 
 
Interior and exterior of the former Schenectady station building, constructed in 1979 and demolished in 2017.
Design Station Name City Opened Closed Fate
300A Miami Miami, Florida 1978 Might eventually be replaced by the Miami Intermodal Center in the future.
Minneapolis–Saint Paul Midway Saint Paul, Minnesota 1978 2014 Abandoned and replaced by Saint Paul Union Depot. Undergoing modifications to be reused as an Amtrak crew base.
150B Albany–Rensselaer Rensselaer, New York 1980 2002 Demolished in 2010 after being replaced by an adjacent station.
Rochester Rochester, New York 1978[7] 2015 Demolished and replaced by Louise M. Slaughter Rochester Station on the same site.
75C Anaheim–Stadium Anaheim, California 1984[6] 2014 Demolished after being replaced by nearby Anaheim Regional Transportation Intermodal Center
Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, Michigan 1983
Buffalo–Depew Depew, New York 1979
Tacoma Tacoma, Washington 1984[6] 2021 Closed December 17, 2017, and replaced by Tacoma Dome Station. Service was reactivated the following day after the Point Defiance Bypass derailment. The station was abandoned November 18, 2021.
50C Canton–Akron Canton, Ohio 1978[8][7] 1990 Abandoned after trains rerouted via Alliance, Ohio.
Dearborn[9] Dearborn, Michigan 1979 2014 Demolished after being replaced by the nearby John D. Dingell Transit Center.
Flint[10] Flint, Michigan 1989
Grand Forks[11] Grand Forks, North Dakota 1982
Hammond–Whiting[12] Hammond, Indiana 1982
Huntington station[13] Huntington, West Virginia 1983
Normal Normal, Illinois 1990 2012 Abandoned after being replaced by the adjacent Uptown Station.
Omaha[14] Omaha, Nebraska 1983
Schenectady[15] Schenectady, New York 1979 2017 Demolished and replaced by a new station on same site.
25D Cumberland Cumberland, Maryland c. 1978–1979
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Prototype designs

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Stations with similar characteristics

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y ""The Amtrak Standard Stations Program". Amtrak. March 4, 2013. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Sanders, Craig (May 11, 2006). Amtrak in the Heartland. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-253-02793-1. OCLC 965827095.
  3. ^ Standard Stations Program Executive Summary. National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Office of the Chief Engineer). 1978.
  4. ^ "Goleta, CA (GTA)". Great American Stations. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
  5. ^ a b "New Schenectady Station Added to Amtrak's Great Stations List". Schenectady Metroplex Development Authority. November 9, 2018. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
  6. ^ a b c Lizberg, Carl (December 5, 1983). "Amtrak to leave turn-of-century grandeur behind". The News Tribune. p. C9. Retrieved December 23, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ a b "Rochester Gets New Station, "Amtrak Week" Proclaimed By Mayor". Amtrak News. 5 (8). August 1978. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  8. ^ "Canton Station Opens, City Officials Praise Amtrak". Amtrak News. 5 (7). Amtrak. July 1978.
  9. ^ "Dearborn, MI (DER)". Great American Stations. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
  10. ^ "Flint, MI (FLN)". Great American Stations. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
  11. ^ "Grand Forks, ND (GFK)". Great American Stations. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
  12. ^ "Hammond-Whiting, IN (HMI)". Great American Stations. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
  13. ^ a b Charlie, Monte Verde (December 2, 2015). "Farewell to an American Classic". Cult of Americana. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
  14. ^ "Omaha, NE (OMA)". Great American Stations. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
  15. ^ "Schenectady, NY (SDY)". Great American Stations. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
  16. ^ "Trenton, NJ (TRE)". Great American Stations. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
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