Ammonium azide is the chemical compound with the formula [NH4]N3, being the salt of ammonia and hydrazoic acid. Like other inorganic azides, this colourless crystalline salt is a powerful explosive, although it has a remarkably low sensitivity. [NH4]N3 is physiologically active and inhalation of small amounts causes headaches and palpitations. It was first obtained by Theodor Curtius in 1890, along with other azides.

Ammonium azide
Names
IUPAC name
Ammonium azide
Other names
Ammonium trinitride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.032.093 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 235-315-4
  • InChI=1S/HN3.H3N/c1-3-2;/h1H;1H3
    Key: MXZUDRZKSUUQRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • [NH+4].[N-]=[N+]=[N-]
Properties
[NH4]N3
Molar mass 60.060 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless or white crystalline solid
Odor Odorless
Density 1.3459 g/cm3
Melting point 160 °C (320 °F; 433 K)
Boiling point 400 °C (752 °F; 673 K) (decomposes)
Structure[1]
Orthorhombic
Pman
a = 8.930, b = 8.642, c = 3.800
4
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Very toxic, explosive
Related compounds
Other anions
Other cations
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Structure

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Ammonium azide is ionic, meaning it is a salt consisting of ammonium cations [NH4]+ and azide anions N3, therefore its formula is [NH4]+[N3]. It is a structural isomer of tetrazene. Ammonium azide contains about 93% nitrogen by mass.

References

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  1. ^ Frevel, Ludo K. (1 January 1936). "The Crystal Structure of Ammonium Azide, NH4N3". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 94 (1–6): 197. doi:10.1524/zkri.1936.94.1.197. S2CID 100695095.