Alexander Black (theologian)

Alexander Black (18 January 1789 – 27 January 1864) was a Scottish Presbyterian minister and professor of Exegetical Theology in New College, Edinburgh. Black was a native of Aberdeen, where he received his education, first at the Grammar School, and afterwards at Marischal College. After passing through the Divinity Hall, he was appointed assistant to Dr Ross, East Church, Aberdeen, and he was subsequently presented to the Parish Church of Tarves, as successor to Duncan Mearns. Upon the death of David Brown, Black in 1831 became his successor in the Professorship of Divinity in Marischal College. His knowledge of Hebrew and the cognate tongues procured him, in 1839, a place in a deputation sent by the General Assembly to Palestine. At the disruption, Black attached himself to the Free Church, and in 1844 was appointed to the chair of Exegetical Theology in the New College, Edinburgh, from which he retired in 1856. He was a versatile linguist who, it is said, could converse in nineteen languages and correspond in twelve.

The Reverend Alexander Black
Alexander Black by Hill & Adamson
Personal details
Born	18 January 1789
Died	27 January 1864 (aged 75)
Minister of Tarves
In office 1 April 1818 – 20 October 1831
Divinity Chair, Marischal College, Aberdeen
In office 20 October 1831 – 14 June 1843
Professor of New Testament Exegesis, New College, Edinburgh
In office 1844–1856

Aberdeen Presbytery by Hill & Adamson. There's a likeness of Black reproduced in Watt.

Early life and education

Alexander Black was born in Aberdeen on 18 January 1789. His father, John Black, owned a few fields and carried on the business of a gardener. Alexander was educated at Aberdeen Grammar School and Marischal College, and after studying medicine (M.A. 1 April 1807) devoted himself to preparation for the ministry. After completing the requisite course of study in the Divinity Hall, he made his first stated appearance in the pulpit as assistant to Dr Ross of the East Church, Aberdeen, in whose family he lived as tutor to his son, Alexander Ross, with whom he travelled on the continent.

Early ministry

Black's abilities and application to study were so remarkable that, when a vacancy occurred in the chair of divinity in King's College, Aberdeen, he offered himself as a candidate, and went through the examinations prescribed to the applicants. His fellow-candidates were Dr Mearns, then minister of Tarves, who was successful, and Dr Love, of Glasgow. Young Black, though unsuccessful, attracted the attention of the Earl of Aberdeen, who on the promotion of Mearns to the chair presented him to the parish of Tarves, and there Black was ordained on 1 April 1818.

University professor in Aberdeen

From Tarves Black was transferred to Aberdeen on 20 October 1831 as professor of divinity in Marischal College. His great powers as a linguist and his very large and particular acquaintance with rabbinical literature caused him to be selected in 1839 by a committee of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, along with the Alexander Keith, St. Cyrus, Robert Murray McCheyne, Dundee, and Andrew Bonar, Collace, to go to the East to make inquiries as to the expediency of beginning a mission to the Jews. After a good many difficulties and trials Black and his brethren returned to Scotland, and an interesting report of their mission was presented to the general assembly.

On Black's return from the Holy Land, he found his most amiable and beloved wife in the last stage of an illness; he arrived only in time to see her expire. This bereavement cast a shadow over the remainder of his life.

University professor in Edinburgh

At the disruption of 1843, joining the Free Church, he gave up his chair at Aberdeen and removed to Edinburgh, where he was connected with the New College. Referring to the linguistic powers of Black and his colleague, John Duncan (Colloquia Peripatetica), Thomas Guthrie used to say that ‘they could speak their way to the wall of China;’ yet no corresponding products of their learning were given to the public. Owing, however, to various causes, he never held the same position, or exercised the same influence for good there as he had done in Aberdeen. The arrangements connected with his class were not to his mind. His advanced years and reserved sensitive disposition hindered him from overcoming the difficulties in which he felt himself placed, as well as from forming new friendships to sustain him under them; and in 1856 he retired from his professorial charge.

Death and legacy

He died at 16 Claremont Crescent in Edinburgh's New Town on 27 June 1864.

Jewish mission

In 1838 the General Assembly appointed a committee to consider the subject of a Mission to the Jews and a deputation was appointed to visit the chief Jewish communities on the Continent and in the East. The deputation comprised: Alexander Keith, D.D., minister of St Cyrus; Alexander Black, D.D., Professor of Divinity, Marischal College; Andrew Bonar, minister of Collace; Robert Murray M'Cheyne, minister of St Peter's, Dundee, and Robert Wodrow, a Glasgow elder. Their Report led the Assembly of 1840 to adopt a Jewish Mission as one of the greater Schemes of the Church. As the members of the Deputation were travelling across the desert from Egypt to Palestine, Black fell from his camel and was rendered unconscious. He recovered sufficiently to accompany his colleagues to Jerusalem and other places in Palestine. But the heat of summer and the roughness of the mode of travel obliged Black and Keith to proceed homewards by the shortest route through Hungary, to the nearest continental port. At Pesth, Keith was seized with an illness so serious that his life was despaired of. Black also was taken ill, and the hapless condition of the two Scottish strangers evoked sympathy in the city. Their situation became known to the Protestant Archduchess Marie Dorothea, whose husband was Viceroy of Hungary. She ministered to them personally, heard the story of their mission, and encouraged them to think of the Jews at Pesth, assuring them that should the Church of Scotland decide to plant a mission there, she would aid them to the utmost of her power. Thus it was that the first Jewish Mission of the Church of Scotland had its origin in Hungary — at Pesth and Jassy, on 21 August 1841.

Works

• On the Progressive Diffusion of Divine Knowledge (Aberdeen, 1824)
• Address at Annual Examination of Merton's English Classes (Aberdeen, 1838)
• The Exegetical Study of the Original Scriptures Considered in Connexion with the Training of Theological Students: In a Letter to the Rev. Thomas M'Crie, D.D., LL. D., Moderator of the Free Church of Scotland (Edinburgh 1856)

Family

He married 9 November 1826, Rachel, daughter of Alexander Booth, merchant, Aberdeen, and had issue —

• Alexander, born 20 November 1827
• George Hamilton Gordon, born 21 November 1829
• Helen Forsyth, born 26 April 1831.
• Rachel Ann, died 5 June 1836.

References

Sources

• Black, Alexander; Keith, Alexander; Bonar, Andrew Alexander; M'Cheyne, Robert Murray (1841). Jewish Missionary Travels to the Jews in Jerusalem, Palestine, and other foreign countries, in 1839, by the Deputation of the Church of Scotland, the Rev. Messrs. Black, Keith, Bonar, and M'Cheyne. With a supplement of ancient prophetic Jewish writings ... also, the narrative of the Wandering Jew, etc. [With a plan.]. Newcastle: Jewish Mission.

• Black, Alexander (1842). Statement to the Committee of the General Assembly on the Conversion of the Jews. Edinburgh: John Johnstone. pp. xiii-xxii.

• Black, Alexander (1851). "Sermon delivered on the opening of the New College". Inauguration of the New College of the Free Church, Edinburgh, November MDCCCL: With Introductory Lectures. Edinburgh: Johnstone and Hunter. pp. 143-158.

• Black, Alexander (1856). The Exegetical Study of the Original Scriptures considered in connection with the training of Theological Students, in a Letter to the Rev. Thomas M'Crie. Edinburgh: Shepherd & Elliot.

• Blaikie, William Garden (1886). "Black, Alexander". In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 5. London: Smith, Elder & Co. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

• Bonar, Andrew Alexander; M'Cheyne, Robert Murray (1845). Narrative of a Mission of Inquiry to the Jews from the Church of Scotland in 1839. Edinburgh: Whyte. pp. 361.

• Bonar, Andrew Alexander; M'Cheyne, Robert Murray (1844). Les Juifs d'Europe et de Palestine, voyage de MM. Keith, Black, Bonar et MacCheyne, envoyés par l'Église d'Écosse. [By A. A. Bonar and R. M. MacCheyne.] Traduit de l'anglais par la traducteur de la vie et des ouvrages de J. Newton et des pensées de Thomas Adam [Rosine de Chabaud Latour]. Avec une carte de la Judée et un plan de Jérusalem. Paris.

• Bonar, Andrew Alexander; M'Cheyne, Robert Murray (1851). De Joden in Europa en in Palestina, voorgesteld in eene reisbeschrijving van de HH. Keith, Black, Bonar en MacCheijne, door de Schotsche Kerk afgevaardigd. Vertaald door Dl. Serrurier [from "Narrative of a Mission of Inquiry to the Jews, etc." by A. A. Bonar and R. M. MacCheyne], etc. Dordrecht.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

• Bonar, Andrew A. (1892). Memoir and remains of the Rev. Robert Murray M'Cheyne (New ed.). Edinburgh; London: Oliphant Anderson & Ferrier.

• Bonar, Andrew A. (1895). Bonar, Marjory (ed.). Reminiscences of Andrew A. Bonar, D.D. London: Hodder and Stoughton. p. xv. The University of Edinburgh conferred on him, in 1874, the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity

• Brown, Thomas (1893). Annals of the disruption with extracts from the narratives of ministers who left the Scottish establishment in 1843 by Thomas Brown. Edinburgh: Macniven & Wallace. pp. 458-459, et passim. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

• Ritchie, Lionel Alexander (2004). "Black, Alexander". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2492. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

• Carlyle, Rev. Gavin (1893). "Mighty in the Scriptures." A Memoir of Adolph Saphir, D.D. London: John F. Shaw. pp. 3–8, 260–261, 430–436, et passim. OCLC 681298716.

• Dunlop, John (1894). Memories of gospel triumphs among the Jews during the Victorian era. London: S.W. Partridge & Co. pp. 8-14.

• Keith, Alexander (1867). "Origin of the Mission to the Jews at Pesth". The Sunday at home: a family magazine for Sabbath reading. Vol. 14. London: The Religious Tract Society. pp. 212-216, 232-237, 245-248, 261-263.

• Kovács, Ábrahám (2006). The History of the Free Church of Scotland's Mission to the Jews in Budapest and its impact on the Reformed Church of Hungary 1841-1914. Frankfurt am Main; New York; Berlin; Bern; Bruxelles; New York; Oxford; Wien: Peter Lang Verlag.
• Scott, Hew (1926). Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation. Vol. 6. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. p. 205. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

• Scott, Hew (1928). Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation. Vol. 7. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. pp. 363, 713. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

• Watt, H. (1946). New College, Edinburgh: a centenary history.

• Wylie, James Aitken, ed. (1881). Disruption worthies : a memorial of 1843, with an historical sketch of the free church of Scotland from 1843 down to the present time. Edinburgh: T. C. Jack. pp. lvii, 35. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

• The Free Church of Scotland Monthly Record. Edinburgh: Free Church of Scotland. 1863. pp. 473-474. The obituary is easier to read on the ecclegen website This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

• The Gentleman's Magazine. Vol. 216. Edinburgh: Free Church of Scotland. 1864. p. 403. short obituary This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.