Albert Hoit Bumstead (1875–January 9, 1940) was an American cartographer and inventor.
Bumstead was born in Minneapolis in 1875 to American educator Horace Bumstead as the first of his three sons, the same year his father joined the faculty of Atlanta University in Atlanta, Georgia, and would serve as its longtime second president. Albert attended Worcester Academy in Worcester, Massachusetts for one year, graduating in 1894, then went on to Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) and studied civil engineering. After WPI, he was a surveyor for the United States Geological Survey. In 1910 he resided in Townsend Harbor, Massachusetts.
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In 1912, he became the topographer of the Yale University expedition to Peru under explorer Hiram Bingham III,[1] and by 1916 he was a cartographer at the National Geographic Society, where he would remain for 25 years.
To solve a navigational challenge faced by Admiral Richard E. Byrd and his first 1925 flights into North Greenland, because magnetic readings become less reliable in polar regions, Bumstead invented the Bumstead sun compass,[2] which uses sun-cast shadows to determine direction.[3] Bumstead also made compasses for the Navy aviators in the Arctic expedition led by Donald Baxter MacMillan, and for Roald Amundsen for his trans-polar flight of the dirigible Norge in 1926.[4]
In addition, Bumstead devised a method for making marble bas-reliefs from photographs using a dual vision device, a prime with two reflecting surfaces. In 1916 Bumstead and his younger brother Ralph W. Bumstead (1881-1964) were granted a patent for a device which would encode and decode telegraphic transmissions.[5]
Albert died on January 9, 1940. Mount Bumstead in the Grosvenor Mountains in the Antarctic was named by Admiral Byrd in his honor.[6][7][8][9]
Posthumously, a patent for a "photograpic apparatus" to be used for phototypography was submitted in 1941 and issue late 1943.[7]
References
edit- ^ "Yale Peruvian Expedition Papers". Archives at Yale. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
- ^ "Bumstead Sun Compass". The Ohio State University. Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center Archival Program. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
- ^ "Bumstead, Mount". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2020-08-10.
- ^ "Airplane Compasses are Work of Modest Inventor". Arizona Daily Star. 22 July 1927. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
- ^ "U.S. Patent US1187035A". Google Patents. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
- ^ "WPI Journal Spring 1998". wpi.edu. Archived from the original on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
- ^ a b Stamp, Jimmy. "The Secret to National Geographic's Maps Is an 80-Year-Old Font". smithsonianmag.com. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
- ^ "History of Flight Online Extra Zoom In". nationalgeographic.com. Archived from the original on April 4, 2008. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
- ^ "Bumstead, Albert H. (Albert Hoit) - Catalog - University of Wisconsin ..." search.library.wisc.edu. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
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