Adamantisaurus (/ˌædəˌmæntɪˈsɔːrəs/ AD-ə-MAN-tiss-OR-əs) is a poorly-known genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now South America. It is only known from six tail vertebrae but, as a sauropod, it can be assumed that this dinosaur was a very large animal with a long neck and tail.
| Adamantisaurus Temporal range: Late Cretaceous,
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| Life reconstruction | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Dinosauria |
| Clade: | Saurischia |
| Clade: | †Sauropodomorpha |
| Clade: | †Sauropoda |
| Clade: | †Macronaria |
| Clade: | †Titanosauria |
| Clade: | †Lithostrotia |
| Genus: | †Adamantisaurus Santucci & Bertini, 2006 |
| Species: | †A. mezzalirai
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| Binomial name | |
| †Adamantisaurus mezzalirai Santucci & Bertini, 2006
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Like many titanosaurians, Adamantisaurus is incompletely known, making its exact relationships difficult to establish. However, similarities have been noted with Aeolosaurus and the Bauru Group titanosaurian formerly known as the "Peiropolis titanosaur", now called Trigonosaurus.
Description
editAs Adamantisaurus mezzalirai is only known from the anterior portion of the tail, relatively little is known about the anatomy of this species. It was probably a medium-sized titanosaur. In 2010 Gregory S. Paul estimated it to be roughly 13 meters (43 ft) long and 5 tonnes (5.5 short tons) in weight .[1] However, in 2020 Molina-Pérez and Larramendi gave a larger estimation of 18 meters (60 ft) and 14.4 tonnes (15.8 short tons).[2]
Discovery and naming
editAlthough this animal's remains were first mentioned in print in 1959, it was not named until the description written by Brazilian paleontologists Rodrigo Santucci and Reinaldo Bertini in 2006. It was the first dinosaur named in that year. The type specimen, the only material known of the genus, consists of the second through seventh caudal vertebrae and two chevrons.[3]
Adamantisaurus is currently known only from the Adamantina Formation of Brazil. The Adamantina Formation is part of the Bauru Group of geologic formations. The stratigraphy and exact age of the Bauru Group is still unsettled, but the Adamantina probably occurs somewhere between the Turonian through early Maastrichtian stages of the Late Cretaceous Period (93 to 70 million years ago). Adamantisaurus shares the Adamantina with fellow titanosaurian, Gondwanatitan.
Adamantisaurus is named after the Adamantina Formation in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, where the fossil was found and also incorporates the Greek word sauros meaning 'lizard', the most common suffix used in dinosaur names.[3] The type and only species, Adamantisaurus mezzalirai is named in honor of Sérgio Mezzalira, the Brazilian geologist who originally found the specimen and first mentioned it in print.
Classification
editThe phylogenetic relationship of Adamantisaurus has yet to be rigorously tested. However, it appears to be more derived than Malawisaurus based on the ball-and-socket articulation of the caudal vertebrae.[3] All titanosaurs at least as derived as Malawisaurus are members of the clade Lithostrotia.[4] Within that clade, however, its relationships are unclear. Adamantisaurus resembles Aeolosaurus, a close relative of its contemporary Gondwanatitan, in some respects. Adamantisaurus cannot be directly compared to Brasilotitan, another genus found in the Adamantina Formation.[5]
References
edit- ^ Paul, G. S. (2010). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs. Princeton University Press.
- ^ Molina-Pérez & Larramendi (2020). Dinosaur Facts and Figures: The Sauropods and Other Sauropodomorphs. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 266. Bibcode:2020dffs.book.....M.
- ^ a b c Santucci, R. M.; Bertini, R. J. (2006). "A new titanosaur from western São Paulo State, Upper Cretaceous Bauru Group, south-east Brazil". Palaeontology. 49 (1): 59–66. Bibcode:2006Palgy..49...59S. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00527.x. hdl:11449/33993.
- ^ Wilson, J. A.; Upchurch, P. (2003). "A revision of Titanosaurus Lydekker (Dinosauria–Sauropoda), the first dinosaur genus with a 'Gondwanan' distribution". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 1 (3): 125–160. Bibcode:2003JSPal...1..125W. doi:10.1017/S1477201903001044.
- ^ Machado, E. B.; Avilla, L. D. S.; Nava, W. R.; Campos, D. D. A.; Kellner, A. W. A. (2013). "A new titanosaur sauropod from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil". Zootaxa. 3701 (3): 301–321. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3701.3.1. PMID 26191585.
Further reading
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- Mezzalira, S (1959). "Nota preliminar sobre as recentes descobertas paleontológicas no Estado de São Paulo, no período 1958–59". Notas Prévias do Instituto Geográfico e Geológico. 2: 1–7. [In Portuguese]
- Powell, J.E. 1987. Morfológia del esqueleto axial de los dinossaurios titanosáuridos (Saurischia, Sauropoda) del Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. In Anais X Congresso Brasileiro de Paleontologia, Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro: Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia. Pp. 155–171. [In Spanish]
- Powell, J.E. (2003). "Revision of South American titanosaurid dinosaurs: palaeobiological, palaeobiogeographical and phylogenetic aspects". Records of the Queen Victoria Museum. 111: 1–173.