A Fairly Honourable Defeat is a novel by the British writer and philosopher Iris Murdoch. Published in 1970, it was her thirteenth novel.
 First British edition cover | |
| Author | Iris Murdoch |
|---|---|
| Cover artist | John Sergeant[1] |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Chatto & Windus |
Publication date | 1970 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover) |
| Pages | 402 pp |
| ISBN | 0701115343 |
| OCLC | 611501179 |
Plot summary
editThe lives of several friends are thrown into disarray by the machinations of Julius King. Julius makes a bet with his ex-girlfriend Morgan that he can break up the homosexual couple Axel and Simon; meanwhile, Morgan and her brother-in-law Rupert are tricked into embarking on an affair, and Morgan's nephew Peter is falling in love with her.
Characters
edit- Julius King, academic biochemist
- Rupert Foster, his former colleague, a senior civil servant writing a book on living morally
- Hilda Foster, Rupert's wife
- Simon Foster, Rupert's brother
- Axel Nilsson, Rupert's colleague and Simon's partner
- Morgan Browne, Tallis' wife, Julius's rejected lover and Hilda's sister
- Tallis Browne, Morgan's estranged husband
- Peter Foster, Rupert and Hilda's son
- Leonard Browne, Tallis's father
Major themes
editThe story hinges on the wager that comes half-way through the book when Julius bets Morgan that he will be able to break up Simon and Axel's relationship. The consequences of the wager recall Shakespearean comedy (particularly Much Ado About Nothing), as well as Mozart's operas and the story of Job.[2]: 207–209
The gap between moral theory and practice is central to the book, and is exemplified by Rupert's inability to withstand temptation, despite having written a book about morality.[2] : 215 Julius is a satanic figure, while Tallis is represented as Christ-like, since he absorbs suffering while Julius sows it.[3] The underlying idea, which Murdoch adopted from Simone Weil, is that evil is propagated in the world by the transmission of suffering from one person to another, and that it can only be stopped by someone's being willing to accept the suffering without passing it on.[4]
The relationship between Simon and Axel, which survives Julius's attempt to destroy it, is one of many portrayals of homosexuals in Murdoch's novels. According to Philip Hensher, their relationship is "one of the most convincing and warm portrayals of marriage in English fiction".[5]
Literary significance and reception
editA Fairly Honourable Defeat received mixed reviews on its publication in 1970. In The New York Times, Christopher Lehmann-Haupt praised its ingenious plot and "comic spirit", and called it "the most entertaining Iris Murdoch I've read in years".[6] Another The New York Times review remarked on the improbability of the plot, but considering the book as primarily a novel of ideas, found it "one of the most enjoyable and interesting of Iris Murdoch's recent books".[4] On the other hand, writing in The Times, Nuala O'Faolain objected to an absence of sympathetic characters, while in The Washington Post Joyce Carol Oates found the characters "vacuous".[7][8]
The literary critic and Murdoch biographer Peter J. Conradi describes A Fairly Honourable Defeat as a "brilliant and decisive masterpiece", and the novel with which she entered a "new artistic maturity" in which plot and characters are equally balanced.[2]: 201–202 Literary scholars have examined various aspects of the novel, including its attempt to portray, in Tallis, an "interesting" good character, and its sympathetic depiction of a loving and stable homosexual relationship only three years after the Sexual Offences Act of 1967 decriminalized private sexual acts between adult men.[3][9]
In 2010 A Fairly Honourable Defeat was one of the 21 novels on the long list for the Lost Man Booker Prize, but it did not appear on the short list of six from which the winner was chosen.[10]
In 2022 British religious scholar Karen Armstrong said she left a book club when its members dismissed the novel as "evil."[11]
References
edit- ^ Fletcher, John; Cheryl Browning Bove (1994). Iris Murdoch: a descriptive primary and annotated secondary bibliography. New York: Garland Publishing. p. 33. ISBN 0824089103.
- ^ a b c Conradi, Peter J (2001). The Saint and the Artist: a Study of the Fiction of Iris Murdoch (3rd ed.). London: Harper Collins. ISBN 9780007120192.
- ^ a b Dooley, Gillian (2009). "Good versus evil in Austen's Mansfield Park and Iris Murdoch's A Fairly Honourable Defeat" (PDF). Transnational Literature. 1 (2): 1–13. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
- ^ a b Rabinovitz, Rubin (8 February 1970). "A Fairly Honourable Defeat". The New York Times. New York, N.Y. p. 261. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
- ^ Hensher, Philip (2008). "Introduction". A Fairly Honourable Defeat. London: Vintage. p. xv. ISBN 9780099285335. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
Murdoch was fascinated by homosexuals, whose lives are the product of an ethical choice in a way that those of heterosexuals are not.
- ^ Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher (30 January 1970). "Books of The Times: A Comedy of Eros". The New York Times. New York, N.Y. p. 43.
Her people are mostly funny, and she has folded her pessimism into the best-made plot since the death of well-made plays.
- ^ O'Faolain, Nuala (31 January 1970). "Sitting ducks in SW10". The Times. London, England. p. IV.
- ^ Oates, Joyce Carol (1 February 1970). "Diversions of a literary puppet-mistress". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. p. 4.
- ^ Grimshaw, Tammy (2004). "The social construction of homosexuality in Iris Murdoch's fiction". Studies in the Novel. 36 (4): 552–570.
- ^ Cohen, Patricia (1 February 2010). "New Man Booker Prize goes back in time". The New York Times. New York, N.Y. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
- ^ "The Novel That Made Karen Armstrong Quit Her Reading Group". The New York Times. 8 September 2022. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
Further reading
editPullen, Charles H. (1987). "A Fairly Honourable Defeat". Masterplots II: British and Commonwealth Fiction Series. Salem Press. pp. 483–487.