The ATM Turbo (ru: "АТМ-ТУРБО"), also known simply as ATM (from ru: "Ассоциация Творческой Молодёжи", meaning "Association of Creative Youth") is a ZX Spectrum clone, developed in Moscow in 1991,[1] by two firms, MicroArt[2] and ATM.

ATM Turbo
ATM Turbo 2+ motherboard
Also known asАТМ-ТУРБО
DeveloperMicroArt and ATM; NedoPC
TypeHome computer
Release date1991; 33 years ago (1991)
Operating systemATM Turbo 1: Sinclair BASIC, TR-DOS, CP/M
ATM Turbo 2+: iS-DOS/TASiS, DNA OS, Mr Gluk Reset Service
CPUZilog Z80 @ 3.5 and 7 MHz; 14 MHz (ZX Evolution)
Memory128 to 512 KB (ATM Turbo 1); 128 to 1024 KB (ATM Turbo 2+); 4MB RAM (ZX Evolution)
StorageFloppy disk, IDE devices (ATM Turbo 2)
Removable storageSD card (ZX Evolution)
DisplaySECAM TV, EGA monitor, VGA monitor (ZX Evolution)
Graphics256x192, 320x200, 640x200
SoundBeeper (1-bit); AY-3-8910; Covox
Backward
compatibility
ZX Spectrum
RelatedPentagon (computer)

It offers enhanced characteristics, compared to the original Spectrum, such as a Z80 at 7 MHz, 1024 kB RAM, 128 kB ROM, AY-8910 (two chips in upgraded models), 8-bit DAC, 8-bit 8-channel ADC, RS-232, parallel port, Beta Disk Interface, IDE interface, AT/XT keyboard, text mode (80x25, 16 colours, 8x8 pattern), and three new graphics modes.

The ATM can be emulated in Unreal Speccy v0.27 and higher.[3]

History

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ATM was developed in 1991 based on the Pentagon, a ZX Spectrum clone popular in Russia. In 1992 an upgraded model was introduced, named ATM Turbo 2.[1] Up to 1994 the computer was produced by ATM and MicroArt; later the firms separated and production ended.

In 2004 NedoPC from Moscow resumed production.[4] New versions called ATM Turbo 2+ and ZX Evolution were introduced.[5]

Characteristics

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Graphics modes

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For compatibility purposes, the original 256 x 192 ZX Spectrum mode is available.

New graphics modes offer expanded abilities:

  • 640 x 200 mode, with 2 out of 16 colors per 8x1 pixels. The Profi offers a similar mode, but the ATM can use the full 16 colour set for both ink and paper.
  • 320 x 200 mode with a 16 colours raster mode (a two-pixel chunky mode, not planar like EGA). Two games for this mode were converted directly from PC: Prince of Persia[6] and Goblins,[7] and one from Sony PlayStation: Time Gal.[8] Other games that use this mode exist, like Ball Quest, released in August, 2006.[9]

Palette:

Operating systems

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48K Sinclair BASIC, 128K Sinclair BASIC, TR-DOS, CP/M, iS-DOS, TASiS, DNA OS, Mr Gluk Reset Service.

Software

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Models

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Many models exist. Models before version 6.00 are called ATM 1, later models are called ATM 2(2+) or ATM Turbo 2(2+) or simply Turbo 2+. An IDE interface is available since v6.00.JIO0UBH9BY8B9T7GVC6R (the latest model is 7.18[12][1]).

ATM Turbo 1 (1991)

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Features:[13][14]

  • Processor: Zilog Z80 at 3.5 and 7 MHz (turbo mode)
  • RAM: 128 to 512 KB
  • ROM: 64 to 128 KB
  • Memory manager: standard for ZX Spectrum 128 (memory over 64KB is addressed through a window in the upper 16KB of address space), with the ability to include a zero page of RAM in the lower 16KB of the address space
  • Graphics video modes: Standard ZX Spectrum mode (256x192, 2 colors per block of 8x8 pixels from 16 colors); 320x200 with 16 colors per pixel; 640x200 high resolution mode with 2 out of 16 colors per 8x1 pixels
  • Color palette: 64 colors, 16 can be used at the same time
  • Firmware: 48K BASIC / 128K BASIC; TR-DOS; CP/M 2.2
  • Supported external drives: tape recorder (audio cassette); disk drive
  • Sound devices: standard 1-bit beeper; AY-3-8910; Covox
  • Additional devices: SECAM encoder for connection to a color TV; single-channel DAC; modem; parallel interface for connecting a printer; stereo audio amplifier (2x1W)
  • Keyboard: mechanical matrix, standard ZX Spectrum layout (40 keys) or extended (64 keys)

ATM Turbo 2 (1993)

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New features (relative to ATM Turbo 1):[13][14]

  • Memory manager: the ability to include any page of RAM or ROM in any of the quarters of the address space
  • Text mode: 80x25 text video mode, characters are stored in the character generator ROM. It is possible to set any of 16 colors for the symbol and background
  • Hardware vertical scrolling in 320x200 and 640x200 modes
  • Supported external drives: controller for IDE devices (hard drives of any capacity, CD-ROM ); Digital PLL added to floppy controller
  • Additional devices: eight-channel DAC
  • Keyboard: XT keyboard support, on-chip RAM 537RU10
  • Removed: SECAM encoder

ATM Turbo 2+

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New features (comparing to ATM Turbo 2):[14]

  • RAM: 128 to 1024 KB
  • Additional devices: RS-232 interface; channel switch for DAC
  • Keyboard: support for XT and AT keyboards, based on the 1816BE31 (i8031) microcontroller
  • The xBIOS ROM has been specially developed for ATM Turbo 2+ with support for virtual floppies
  • ROM version of Mr Gluk Reset Service
  • Removed: Modem

ZX Evolution

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New features (comparing to ATM Turbo 2+):[14][15]

  • Turbo mode up to 14 MHz, switchable via menu and software
  • RAM: 4MB
  • 2 expansion slots according to the ZXBUS standard, for connecting General Sound, etc.
  • Flexible architecture based on FPGA (EP1K50) - third-party firmware available
  • SD card with transparent BIOS support (EVO RESET SERVICE)
  • Added VGA video output
  • Non-volatile clock according to Mr Gluk standard, IDE interface according to Nemo standard, mouse according to Kempston Mouse standard
  • Video scan rate similar to that of the Pentagon, with full support of border and multicolor effects

References

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  1. ^ a b c "КОМПЬЮТЕРУ АТМ-ТУРБО 30 ЛЕТ!" [ATM-TURBO COMPUTER IS 30 YEARS OLD!]. invertor.ru (in Russian).
  2. ^ "КОМПЬЮТЕРУ АТМ-ТУРБО 30 ЛЕТ!" [ATM-TURBO COMPUTER IS 30 YEARS OLD!]. МИКРОАРТ ПРО (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-11-23.
  3. ^ mkoloberdin (2022-06-11), mkoloberdin/unrealspeccy, retrieved 2022-11-23
  4. ^ "Официальный сайт группы NedoPC!" [Official website of the NedoPC group!]. nedopc.com (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-11-23.
  5. ^ "ATM-turbo 1,2(+),3/ZX-Evolution: официальный сайт поддержки" [ATM-turbo 1,2(+),3/ZX-Evolution: official support site]. atmturbo.nedopc.com (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-11-23.
  6. ^ "Prince of Persia at Spectrum Computing - Sinclair ZX Spectrum games, software and hardware". Spectrum Computing. Retrieved 2022-11-23.
  7. ^ "Goblins at Spectrum Computing - Sinclair ZX Spectrum games, software and hardware". Spectrum Computing. Retrieved 2022-11-23.
  8. ^ "Time Gal at Spectrum Computing - Sinclair ZX Spectrum games, software and hardware". Spectrum Computing. Retrieved 2022-11-23.
  9. ^ "Ball Quest at Spectrum Computing - Sinclair ZX Spectrum games, software and hardware". Spectrum Computing. Retrieved 2022-11-23.
  10. ^ "Официальный сайт поддержки ATM-turbo 1,2,2+" [Official support site for ATM-Turbo 1,2,2+]. atmturbo.nedopc.com (in Russian).
  11. ^ "Virtual TR-DOS". vtrd.in (in Russian).
  12. ^ "ATM-Turbo 1,2(+),3/ZX-Evolution". atmturbo.nedopc.com (in Russian).
  13. ^ a b "Prince of Persia 1 ATM Turbo". www.popuw.com.
  14. ^ a b c d ru:ATM Turbo
  15. ^ "АТМ, ZxEvo, BaseConf". Telegram. Retrieved 2022-11-23.