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6th Air and Air Defence Forces Army

The 6th Red Banner Leningrad Army of Air and Air Defence Forces (Russian: 6-я Краснознамённая Ленинградская армия Военно-воздушных сил и противовоздушной обороны)[1] is an Air Army of the Russian Aerospace Forces.

6th Red Banner Leningrad Army of VVS and PVO (1998–2009; 2015–present)
6th Independent Army of PVO (1960?–1998)
6-я Краснознамённая Ленинградская армия Военно-воздушных сил и противовоздушной обороны
Great emblem of the 6th Air and Air Defence Forces Army
Active
  • 1960–1980
  • 1986–2009
  • 2015–present
Country Russia
Branch Russian Air Force
TypeAir army
RoleAir support and air defence
HeadquartersSaint Petersburg
Nickname(s)Army of the "Road of Life"
Motto(s)"Securely guarding the North-West sky of Russia" (Russian: “Надежно охраняем небо Северо-Запада России")
EquipmentInterceptors, multiple integrated SAM systems
EngagementsSiege of Leningrad
Wagner Group rebellion
DecorationsOrder of the Red Banner Order of the Red Banner
HonorificsLeningrad
Commanders
Current
commander		Major General Oleg Makovetskiy
Insignia
Sleeve patch of the 6th Air and Air Defence Forces Army
Aircraft flown
BomberSu-24, Su-34
FighterSu-27, Su-35, Su-30, Su-27
HelicopterMi-8, Mi-24
InterceptorMiG-31
ReconnaissanceSu-24MR
TransportAn-12, An-26, Mi-8, Tu-134;

The army was first active from 1998 to 2009, and was reformed in 2015. After the war, the Soviet Air Defence Forces' main command in the Leningrad area from 1960 was the 6th Independent Air Defence Army. As of 2020 it is the principal frontal aviation formation within the Western Military District of the Russian Armed Forces.

History

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Origins

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The army traces its lineage back to the formation of the 2nd Air Defence Corps before Operation Barbarossa, the World War II German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. The corps provided direct cover for the city, and the Air Forces of the Leningrad Military District had two fighter aviation divisions for air defense, which became the 7th Fighter Aviation Corps in July. In November, the 2nd Corps was reorganized into the Leningrad Air Defence Corps Region, but on 5 April 1942 it became the Leningrad Air Defence Army. During the Siege of Leningrad between 1941 and 1944, the air defence formations protecting the city claimed more than 1,500 German aircraft destroyed, and covered the Road of Life across Lake Ladoga. In the fall of 1945, after the end of the war, the army was reorganized into the 16th Special Air Defence Corps, which was redesignated the 16th Air Defence Corps in May 1946 and the 16th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Corps PVO in July 1947. In early 1949, the headquarters of the Leningrad Air Defence Region was formed from the corps headquarters. In August, its anti-aircraft artillery divisions conducted an exercise in which they practiced repelling a large enemy air raid.[2]

The region was an air defence region of the 2nd category, and in the spring of 1954 became 1st category, tasked with providing air defense for Leningrad and the Leningrad Military District. On 1 May 1953, it included four fighter aviation divisions part of the 25th Fighter Air Defence Army (the 20th, 41st, 44th, and the 50th), three anti-aircraft artillery divisions (the 25th, 29th, and the 42nd), a separate anti-aircraft artillery regiment, and seven separate anti-aircraft artillery battalions. These numbered 33,200 men, 256 fighter aircraft, 950 anti-aircraft guns (including 261 light guns), and 52 radars. In June 1954, the region was reorganized into the Special Leningrad Air Defence Army, and the 25th Fighter Army abolished with its divisions brought under the direct control of the new army.[2]

When surface-to-air missiles were introduced into the Air Defence Forces between 1958 and 1959, four Air Defence Brigades of Special Designation were formed in the army: the 82nd, 83rd, 84th, and 86th, equipped with S-75 Dvina missiles. These brigades were planned to be controlled by a coordinated missile defence system forming a ring around Leningrad, known as the System-100 Missile Zone. Additionally, the S-75s were to be bolstered by three regiments of long-range multi-target Dal missiles (see ru:Даль_(зенитный_ракетный_комплекс)), whose formation began in the fall of 1960. The closed military town of Khvoyny was built to house the headquarters of the system.[2]

In April 1959 General-lieutenant Dmitry Zherebin was appointed commander of the Special Leningrad Air Defence Army.[3] He continued to command the army after its reorganization into the 6th Separate Air Defence Army in February 1961.

6th Independent Air Defence Army

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In March 1960,[4] the 6th Independent Air Defence Army (6-я отдельная армия ПВО) was formed from the Special Leningrad Air Defence Army. It controlled air defence units in Leningrad Oblast, Pskov Oblast, and the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic. Between 1961 and 1962, the aviation division headquarters were disbanded and their regiments directly subordinated to the army headquarters.[5] The Dal missile program was cancelled in late 1962, and the SAM brigades instead equipped with the S-125 and S-200 missiles.[6] In the spring of 1967, the System-100 Zone was abolished and its units directly subordinate to the army headquarters or the 14th Air Defence Division. On 22 February 1968, the army was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in honor of the 50th anniversary of the Soviet Army. In early 1978, the 14th Division was transferred to the Baltic Military District, and in the spring of 1980 the army was reorganized into the 18th Air Defence Corps with the transfer of its fighter units to the Air Forces of the Leningrad Military District.[2] The army was composed of regiments of interceptors and anti-aircraft missiles. It had two major tasks: to protect the most industrialized European part of the Soviet Union against possible U.S. cruise missile attack from the north via the North Pole (using Mikoyan MiG-31 interceptors), and to protect the deployment of nuclear submarines stationed in the Kola Peninsula (using Su-27 fighters).[7]

In early 1986, the PVO returned to the organization used during the 1960s and 1970s. As a result, in April 1986, the headquarters of the army was reestablished in Leningrad at 16 Baskov Pereulok from the headquarters of the 18th Corps.[8] The army included the 27th Air Defence Corps at Riga, the new 54th Air Defence Corps with headquarters at Khvoyny, the 14th Air Defence Division at Tallinn,[2] which included the 425th Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO (Haapsalu (Khaansalu), Estonian SSR), the 656th Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO at Tapa Airfield in Estonia with MiG-27MLDs from 1978[9] and the 498th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Training Brigade at Opochka.[10]

In turn, the 27th Corps of the PVO consisted in 1988 of the:[11][12]

  • 54th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO (Vainode, Latvian SSR) (38 Sukhoi Su-27P / UB)
  • 689th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO (Nivenskoye, Kaliningrad Oblast) (36 Sukhoi Su-27P / UB)
  • 77th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Brigade (Ventspils, Latvian SSR)
  • 85th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Brigade (Kaunas, Lithuanian SSR)
  • 158th Guards Anti-Aircraft Rocket Brigade (Liepaya, Latvian SSR)
  • 169th Guards Anti-Aircraft Rocket Brigade (Neman, Kaliningrad Oblast)
  • 183rd Guards Anti-Aircraft Rocket Brigade (Gvardeysk, Kaliningrad Oblast)
  • 205th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Brigade (Riga, Latvian SSR)
  • 529th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment (Ukmerge, Lithuanian SSR)
  • 466th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment (Vilnius, Lithuanian SSR)
  • 80th Radio-Technical Brigade (Tukums, Latvian SSR)
  • 81st Radio-Technical Brigade (Pereslavskoye, Kaliningrad Oblast)
  • 5th Radio-Technical Regiment (Paplaka, Latvian SSR)

54th Air Defence Corps included:[2][13]

Russian Air Force

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The Army was reformed within the Russian Air Force on June 1, 1998, from the 76th Air Army of the VVS and the 6th Independent Air Defence Army, both headquartered in Saint Petersburg. Its new title was the 6th Army of Air Forces and Air Defence. The 6th Army had responsibility for the Leningrad Military District.[1] General Lieutenant Gennadiy A. Torbov was appointed commander of the army by a presidential decree of 6 April 2000. He replaced Lt-Gen Anatoliy Basov, who retired due to age.[14] Its commanding officer was General Lieutenant Vladimir Sviridov [ru] from June 2005 until at least 2007.[7]

Economic stringency and the reduction of the threat led to drastic cuts in the formation,[7] as previously the 6th and 10th Independent Air Defence Armies, which covered the area, had twelve fighter regiments between them.[15] 10th Independent Air Defence Army appears to have disbanded on 1 December 1994.[16] The 518th Fighter Aviation Regiment at Talagi Airport disbanded in 1998. The 174th and 470th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiments, at Monchegorsk and Afrikanda air base, both disbanded on September 1, 2001.[17] There was also formerly the 72nd Fighter Regiment at Amderma and the 641st Fighter Aviation Regiment at Rogachevo (Sukhoi Su-27s).

On 13 September 2005, the army was awarded the honorific Leningrad in honor of the actions of its predecessor units in the Siege of Leningrad.[1]

From 2001 to 2009, the Kilpyavr airfield was home to the 9th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, created on the basis of 941st Fighter Aviation Regiment, which had received all the regalia of the 470th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment. In 2009, 9th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment was transferred from Karelia to the Besovets airbase, where it was merged with the 159th and 177th Fighter Regiment airfields Besovets and Lodeynoye Pole, respectively.[18]

In 2009 the army was disestablished and reorganised as the 1st Air and Air Defence Forces Command. Major General Alexander Duplinsky took command in February 2014; he was promoted to lieutenant general in February 2016.[19]

On 1 August 2015 the army was reformed from the 1st Air and Air Defence Forces Command as the 6th Leningrad Air and Air Defence Forces Army.[20]

By a Decree of the President of Russia dated September 13, 2005, for mass heroism and courage, fortitude and courage shown by the personnel of the army during the Great Patriotic War to protect the skies of Leningrad, and given its merits in peacetime, the army was given the honorary name "Leningrad".

Structure

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Structure, 2007

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Structure: 1st Air and Air Defence Forces Command, 2009–2015

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The 1st Air and Air Defence Forces Command was only active from 2009 to 2015.

Structure: 2019/2020

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6th Air and Air Defence Forces Army HQ (St.Petersburg):[26]

Also seemingly part of the army are the 15th Brigade of Army Aviation at the former Russian Naval Aviation base at Ostrov, the 332nd Independent Guards Helicopter Regiment (332-й отдельный гвардейский вертолётный полк, V/Ch 12633 (Pushkin, St Petersburg, with 12 Mil Mi-28N, 10 Mil Mi-35M, and 12 Mil Мi-8MТV); and the 440th Independent Helicopter Regiment.

The 52nd Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment (at Shaykovka air base equipped with Tupolev Tu-22M3 "Backfire" bombers) is also based within the boundaries of the Western Military District but is subordinate to the 22nd Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Division of Russian Long Range Aviation.[28]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c "6 армия ВВС и ПВО" [6th Army VVS and PVO]. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2007-09-10. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Lenskii & Tsybin 2013, pp. 87–88.
  3. ^ Tsapayev & Goremykin 2014, pp. 970–971.
  4. ^ Michael Holm, 18th ADC, accessed March 2012
  5. ^ Lenskii & Tsybin 2013, p. 89.
  6. ^ Lenskii & Tsybin 2013, p. 90.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Butowski, Piotr (August 2007). "Force Report: Russian Air Force, Part 2". AirForces Monthly. p. 62.
  8. ^ Holm, Michael. "6th independent Air Defence Army". www.ww2.dk. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  9. ^ "656th Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO". Ww2.dk. Retrieved 2022-09-17.
  10. ^ Lenskii & Tsybin 2013, p. 92.
  11. ^ Michael Holm, 27th Air Defence Corps, accessed February 2012
  12. ^ Gusca, Vladislavs. "Объекты ПВО СССР в Прибалтике" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
  13. ^ Lenskii & Tsybin 2013, pp. 89–93.
  14. ^ Agentstvo voyennykh novostey, 11 Apr 2000, cited by Federation of American Scientists, https://fas.org/irp/world/russia/fbis/AirForce.html#6thAir/AirDefenseArmy, accessed June 2010
  15. ^ http://www.aviation.ru/data/Regiments.html Archived 1999-02-09 at the Wayback Machine, accessed April 2009
  16. ^ http://www.ww2.dk/new/pvo/10oapvo.htm; previous report was August 1994: http://knn.dvvaiu.net/content/view/239/1/ Archived 2010-07-30 at the Wayback Machine, accessed June 2010
  17. ^ accessed April 2009
  18. ^ Pinchuk Alexander. At the airbase Besovets, newspaper "Red Star" via aviaport.ru, Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  19. ^ "Дуплинский Александр Васильевич : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации". structure.mil.ru. Retrieved 2018-09-23.
  20. ^ "Шестая Ленинградская армия ВВС и ПВО сформирована на западе России". RIA Novosti (in Russian). 10 August 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  21. ^ See also http://www.ww2.dk/new/air%20force/regiment/iap/641gviap.htm, http://www.ww2.dk/new/air%20force/regiment/iap/941iap.htm
  22. ^ See also http://www.ww2.dk/new/air%20force/regiment/iap/72gviap.htm
  23. ^ These five units were inserted from the corresponding Ru-wiki article April 2009
  24. ^ "Воздушно-Космические Силы" [Aerospace Forces]. warfare.be (in Russian). 2016. Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  25. ^ "159th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment". Ww2.dk. Retrieved 2022-09-17.
  26. ^ "Russian Air Force – Today". Eastern Orbat.
  27. ^ "Russia strengthens its forces on the Baltic Sea". 30 January 2018.
  28. ^ a b c d GFSIS.

Sources

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  • Tsapayev, D.A.; Goremykin, Viktor (2014). Великая Отечественная: Комдивы. Военный биографический словарь [The Great Patriotic War: Division Commanders. Military Biographical Dictionary] (in Russian). Vol. 3. Moscow: Kuchkovo Pole. ISBN 978-5-9950-0382-3.
  • Lenskii, A.G.; Tsybin, M.M. (2013). Советские Войска ПВО в последние годы Союза ССР. Часть 1 [Soviet Air Defense Forces in the last years of the USSR: Part 1] (in Russian). St. Petersburg: Info Ol. OCLC 861180616.
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