Wikipedia

2025 Kosovan parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Kosovo on 9 February 2025 to elect the 120 members of the Assembly. Preliminary results showed that no party had won a majority, with the ruling Vetëvendosje party of Prime Minister Albin Kurti winning a plurality of votes cast.

2025 Kosovan parliamentary election
Kosovo
← 2021 9 February 2025 Next →
All 120 seats in the Assembly
61 seats needed for a majority
Reporting
99.72%
as of 22:12 (UTC+01:00)
Party Leader Vote % Seats
LVV[a] Albin Kurti 40.84
PDK Bedri Hamza[c] 22.05
LDK Lumir Abdixhiku 17.67
AAK – NISMA[b] Ramush Haradinaj 7.45
Minority list (20 seats)
SL Zlatan Elek 4.55
KDTP Fikrim Damka 0.54
IRDK Elbert Krasniqi 0.49
NDS Emilija Redžepi 0.43
Vakat Bahrim Šabani 0.38
SDU Duda Balje 0.30
PLE Veton Berisha 0.29
PAI Bekim Arifi 0.22
JGP Adem Hodža 0.20
PREBK Albert Kinolli 0.15
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Prime Minister before
Albin Kurti
LVV

Background

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In the 2021 elections, Lëvizja Vetëvendosje (LVV) won 58 seats.[1] They created a coalition with minority parties to form a government.[2] The government was the first since Kosovo's independence in 2008 to complete a full four-year mandate.[3]

Electoral system

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The 120 members of the Assembly are elected by open list proportional representation for a four-year term, with 20 reserved for national minorities.[4][5] Seats are allocated using the Sainte-Laguë method with an electoral threshold of 5%.[6]

Election date

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According to the constitution, parliamentary elections must be held no later than 30 days and no earlier than 45 days prior to the expiration of the outgoing parliament's mandate.[7] On 31 July 2024, President Vjosa Osmani formally invited the leaders of political parties to a consultative meeting regarding the scheduling of the upcoming elections.[8][9] In her invitation, Osmani underscored that, in accordance with the constitution and the electoral code, the elections must take place between 26 January and 16 February 2025.[8][10]

Opposition figures, including Lumir Abdixhiku of the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK), Ramush Haradinaj of the Alliance for the Future of Kosovo (AAK) and Memli Krasniqi of the Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK), advocated for elections on 26 January, while Mimoza Kusari-Lila of the Alternativa proposed delaying the elections to 9 or 16 February, citing logistical concerns related to the post-holiday period.[11][12] Prime Minister and leader of Vetëvendosje (LVV) Albin Kurti did not attend the consultation due to a prior commitment.[13] Concluding, on 16 August, Osmani announced that the elections would be scheduled for 9 February 2025.[14][15][16]

Parties and coalitions

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The application period for political parties seeking certification and submission of candidate lists for the 2025 elections spanned from 1 September to 11 December 2024.[17] A total of 28 political entities submitted applications, including 20 political parties, five coalitions, two civil initiatives, and one independent candidate, with 1,280 candidates nominated.[17]

On 23 December 2024, the KQZ disqualified the Serb List from the elections.[18][19] The decision was based on remarks made by the party's leader Zlatan Elek during the presentation of the electoral list, which the KQZ deemed to be nationalistic in nature.[20] The party appealed the decision, calling it "institutional and political violence" against the Serb minority.[21] On 25 December 2024, the Election Complaints and Appeals Panel (ECAP) accepted the appeal, overturning the decision to deny their certification for participation in the upcoming parliamentary elections in Kosovo. The ECAP instructed the KQZ to certify the Serb List for the election.[22]

The Election Commission published the official list of the 28 participating parties and coalitions:[23]

Campaign

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Election campaigns in Kosovo are regulated to start 30 days before the scheduled election date and must conclude on the day before the election.[24]

Governmental parties

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In August 2024 the governing parties of Vetëvendosje, Guxo and Alternativa announced that they would once again run inside the same electoral list, with incumbent Prime Minister Albin Kurti leading the list.[25] Although initial reports suggested that Guxo and Alternativa preferred a formal coalition.[26]

There has been some infighting within Guxo against their leaders Donika Gërvalla-Schwarz and Faton Peci, both of whom are ministers within the government. On 9 December 2024, the Ferizaj branch announced it would close itself that day, citing discontent with its leaders.[27] On 12 December, the Peja branch called for voters to boycott the election following the publication of the deputy list, which according to them, broke party rules by not including the party name on the list.[28]

Opposition parties

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On 27 March 2024 the Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK) nominated Bedri Hamza, South Mitrovica mayor and former Minister of Finance, for Prime Minister.[29] This move is allegedly an attempt to focus the campaign on the Economy, which has stagnated under the new government.[30] On November 3 during the convention of PDK, Hamza announced their slogan would be "Kosovo can do better" (Albanian: Kosova mundet më mirë). Hamza also announced his platform, with the economy being the top priority.[31]

In December 2023, the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) published its platform dubbed "Rruga e re" ("The New Road", "The New Path" or "The New Way").[32] In July 2024, the LDK and Christian minority party PSHDK announced that they would run together in the same electoral list.[33] Lumir Abdixhiku is its candidate for prime minister, serving as LDK leader since 2021.

In January 2024, opposition parties Alliance for the Future of Kosovo (AAK), Social Democratic Initiative (NISMA) and Conservative List of Kosovo (LKK) announced they would run together in a coalition led by Ramush Haradinaj, AAK leader and former Prime Minister.[34] According to the Social Democratic Party of Kosovo (PSD), it too was offered to join this coalition but rejected it due to ideological differences.[35] The coalition was formalized in August 2024[36] and soon after, the coalition published their platform emphasizing foreign relations and a goal of joining NATO and the EU.[37]

The New Kosovo Alliance (AKR), the Justice Party (PD) and assembly members of the ruling LVV[38] announced the creation of the "Family List" Coalition.[38] The coalition was formed as opposition to the ruling party's attempt to increase LGBTQ rights in Kosovo, specifically the proposed Civil Code which would legalize same-sex civil unions.[39]

Campaign issues

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Dialogue with Serbia

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Following the formation of the government, Prime Minister Kurti declared that dialogue with Serbia would be his 6th or 7th priority, choosing to focus more on domestic issues.[40] On 20 September 2021, Kosovo announced a ban on Serbian license plates being used by Serbian citizens in Kosovo.[41] The government justified this action as retaliation to Serbia not recognizing Kosovan license plates.[42] This however sparked protests in the Serb-majority north Kosovo as well as condemnation from Serbia which threatened military action. On 30 September 2021, the EU had announced they brokered a temporary deal between Serbia and Kosovo, halting the issue for six months.[43]

In July 2022, the Kosovan government announced that Serbian citizens who enter Kosovo will receive entry and exit documents, sparking barricades by local Serbs in Kosovo. This would also cause Serbian politicians and policemen to leave Kosovan institutions.[44][45]

LGBTQ rights

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The issue of regulating marriage and civil partnerships for same-sex couples has sparked a clash of viewpoints in the Kosovo Assembly. In March 2022, the Civil Code Draft did not pass its first reading due to strong opposition, particularly regarding the potential legalization of civil partnerships between same-sex individuals. The proposed law would allow for the creation of a separate legal framework to register "civil partnerships" for same-sex couples, but it faced significant opposition from lawmakers and religious leaders, who view it as a redefinition of marriage and family. LGBT community supporters have called for equal recognition of marriage rights, emphasizing that Kosovo's Constitution guarantees the right to marry for all citizens.[46]

In April 2024, Prime Minister Albin Kurti announced plans to pass a new Civil Code in May, which included provisions for civil partnerships between same-sex couples. This would have made Kosovo the third country in the Western Balkans, after Croatia and Montenegro, to legally recognize such unions. However, the vote did not take place in May, and the process has been delayed indefinitely. The proposal faced opposition from some members of Kurti's party and religious leaders in Kosovo, who argued it would redefine marriage and family. The draft defines marriage as a legally recognized union between a man and a woman but allows for civil partnerships between same-sex couples. Despite the delay, Kurti has stated that the legislation will eventually pass.[47]

Observers

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The European Union established a team of 100 observers led by French MEP Nathalie Loiseau to monitor the election.[48] They were also joined by observers from other institutions including the Council of Europe. In a statement released following the election on 11 February, the EU monitors praised the election as "peaceful and competitive" while criticising several aspects including the presence of "harsh rhetoric reflecting deep political divisions", the Serb List pressuring voters "who are largely dependent on Serbian social assistance or employment in Serbia-managed institutions in the Kosovo-Serb municipalities", Vetëvendosje trying to prevent the Serb List from competing in the election and engaging in harsh rhetoric against them, and US special envoy Richard Grenell involving himself in the campaign by calling Albin Kurti an unreliable partner of the United States.[49]

Opinion polls

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National polls

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Polling firm Date LVV PDK LDK Kosovo Winner For the Family SL
Others
Abstention
 Lead
LVV A Guxo AAK NISMA CLK AKR PD
UBO[50] 9 February 2025 40.3 – – 21.4 19.3 7.2 1.8 – – – 18.9
PIPOS[51] 9 February 2025 38.2 – – 22.4 20.1 7.6 1 – 10.5 – 15.8
Albanian Post[52] 9 February 2025 37 – – 23 20 8 1 – – – 14
KOHA[53] 9 February 2025 42.3 – – 21.3 20.4 6.3 2.1 – 4.2 – 21
Alternativa[54] 5 February 2025 52.7 – – 16.8 14.2 7.6 3.5 – 5.2 – 36.2
UBO[55] 17 December 2024 47.1 – – 19.5 17.7 6.5 – – – 9.1 – 27.6
UBO[56] 3–15 June 2024 49.6 – 0.7 17.0 15.5 8.6 – – 3.0 7.4 2.6 32.6
Albanian Post[57] 1–10 June 2024 41.1 – – 19.6 19.2 5.8 – – – 5.1 9.2 21.5
ISRN[58] 6 May 2024 38 – 1.5 17.2 18.2 12.4 1.7 – – 3.7 2.2 19.8
UBO[59] 5 April 2024 49.5 – 0.6 17.1 16 6.9 – – 5.6 4.3 – 32.4
PIPOS[60] 22 February 2024 40.9 0.1 0.4 20.4 21.5 9.0 – – – 0.4 4.6 19.4
UBO[61] 16–23 December 2023 48.5 0.1 0.8 18.2 17.9 6.8 1.5 – – – 3.2 3.0 – 30.3
UBO[62] 23 December 2022 42.6 0.2 1.3 19 19.8 7.3 2 – 0.2 – 4.3 3.4 – 22.8
PIPOS[63] December 2022 35.5 – 1 21.5 22.2 6 2.4 – 0.4 – – 0.2 – 13.3
UBO[64] September 2022 37.3 0.3 1.5 21.7 22.3 7.7 1.2 – 0.3 – 5.1 2.1 – 15
PIPOS[65] August 2022 33.2 0.2 0.9 18.3 21.6 10.1 1.5 – 0.2 – – – – 11.6
PIPOS[66] 7 July 2022 38.1 – 1.2 21.3 25.1 11.9 2.1 – – – – – – 13
UBO[64] 18 June 2022 39.6 – 1.3 21.9 20.3 6.7 1.9 – – – 4.2 3.5 – 17.7
UBO[67] May 2022 38.3 – – 19.7 17.7 6.5 – – – – – – – 18.6
UBO[64] 7–15 March 2022 41.9 – 1.1 21.6 19.4 7.2 1 – 0.4 – 4.2 2.8 – 20.3
PIPOS[68] 12 February 2022 34.7 – – 21.3 24.1 7.7 0.4 – – – – 0.5 – 10.6
2021 election 14 February 50.3 – – 17.01 12.73 7.2 2.52 – with LDK – 5.09 5.15 – 33.29

Seat projections

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The projections below are calculated according to the opinion polls from above.

Date LVV PDK LDK AAK SL Other Lead
February 2025 46 24 22 8[d] 10 10 22
December 2024 52 21 20 7[d] 10 10 31
June 2024 55 19 17 9[d] 10 10 36
49 23 22 6[d] 10 10 26
May 2024 45 20 21 14[d] 10 10 24
April 2024 56 19 18 7[d] 10 10 37
February 2024 45 22 23 10[d] 10 10 22
December 2023 53 20 20 7 10 10 33
January 2023 48 22 22 8 10 10 26
December 2022 42 25 26 7 10 10 16
September 2022 42 24 25 9 10 10 17
August 2022 40 22 26 12 10 10 14
July 2022 40 22 26 12 10 10 14
June 2022 44 25 23 8 10 10 19
May 2022 47 24 21 8 10 10 23
March 2022 46 24 22 8 10 10 22
February 2022 40 24 27 9 10 10 13

Leadership approval

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Dates
conducted 		Pollster Sample
size 		Vjosa Osmani Albin Kurti Lumir Abdixhiku Memli Krasniqi Ramush Haradinaj
Pos. Neg. Net Pos. Neg. Net Pos. Neg. Net Pos. Neg. Net Pos. Neg. Net
6–27 May 2024 UBO[69] 1,200 64% 30% +34% 59% 35% +24% 35% 54% -19% 28% 63% -35% 21% 66% -45%
Pollster Date Kurti Abdixhiku Krasniqi Hamza Haradinaj Limaj Osmani Pacolli Kusari-Lila Lead
Albanian Post[57] June 2024 56.4 40.5 28.9 43.7 25.4 – 67.8 – – –[e]
45.6 18.6 – 20.5 6.2 – – – – 25.1
PIPOS[70] February 2024 30.7 21.3 20.5 – 1.89 1.65 30.6 – – 0.01
PIPOS[63] December 2022 26.7 20 17 – 7.2 2.9 11.8 0.4 0.4 6.7
PIPOS[71] August 2022 29.8 29.2 26 – 2.38 2.13 33.7 2.33 2.31 0.39
PIPOS[72] February 2022 28.9 18.6 13.3 – 6.2 1.5 7.3 0.5 – 10.3

Albin Kurti

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The polls below asked voters for their opinion of Albin Kurti, prime minister of Kosovo since March 2021.

Pollster Date Approve Disapprove Lead
UNDP[73] 25 July 2024 58.3 41.7 16.6
UNDP[74] 28 February 2024 48.9 51.1 -2.6
UNDP[75] 25 April 2023 51.5 48.5 3.0

Glauk Konjufca

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The polls below asked voters for their opinion of Glauk Konjufca, chairman of Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo since March 2021.

Pollster Date Approve Disapprove Lead
UNDP[73] 25 July 2024 64.4 35.6 28.8
UNDP[76] 28 February 2024 52.2 47.8 4.7
UNDP[76] 25 April 2023 58.3 41.7 16.6

Results

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No party won a majority in the Assembly of Kosovo, with Albin Kurti's Vetëvendosje party winning around 41% of the vote.[77] Turnout was estimated at 40.59%. The release of official results was delayed by a failure in the election commission's website that was attributed to an increase in user traffic.[78]

99.72% reporting
PartyVotes%Seats
Vetëvendosje[f]341,67240.84–
Democratic Party of Kosovo184,49922.05–
Democratic League of Kosovo147,82717.67–
AAK–NISMA[b]62,3097.45–
Serb List38,0834.55–
Coalition for Family (AKR, PD, LF)18,9052.26–
Turkish Democratic Party of Kosovo4,5590.54–
New Democratic Initiative of Kosovo4,0650.49–
For Freedom, Justice and Survival3,9600.47–
New Democratic Party3,5740.43–
Vakat Coalition3,2010.38–
Serb Democracy3,0750.37–
Social Democratic Union2,5000.30–
Egyptian Liberal Party2,4430.29–
PDAK–LpB1,9320.23–
Innovative Turkish Movement Party1,8550.22–
Ashkali Party for Integration1,8420.22–
Serb National Movement1,7690.21–
Unique Gorani Party1,6460.20–
Our Initiative1,2830.15–
United Roma Party of Kosovo1,2380.15–
Albanian National Front Party9370.11–
Fjala8630.10–
Građanska Inicijativa Narodna Pravda7340.09–
Kosova Adalet Türk Partisi7000.08–
Party of Kosovo Serbs4580.05–
Opre Roma Kosova4350.05–
Independents2820.03–
Total836,646100.00–
Registered voters/turnout1,970,944–
Source: KQZ

Notes

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  1. ^ Running with GUXO and Alternativa
  2. ^ a b Running with Conservative List, Intellectual Forum E-30 and Ideal
  3. ^ Although Memli Krasniqi is leader of the PDK, Bedri Hamza is its candidate for Prime Minister.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g AAK-NISMA-CL coalition
  5. ^ Poll asked for the positive opinion and isn't a comparison of leaders.
  6. ^ Running with GUXO and Alternativa

References

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  4. ^ Constitution 2020, p. 20, Article 64.
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  6. ^ Law No. 03/L-073 on General Elections in the Republic of Kosovo, Article 111.2
  7. ^ Constitution 2020, p. 21, Article 66.
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Sources

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