On 18 September 2024, at 09:41:06 WIB (02:41:06 UTC), a Mw 5.0 earthquake struck Bandung Regency in West Java, Indonesia, 14 km (8.7 mi) east-southeast of Banjar.[4]
   | |
| UTC time | 2024-09-18 02:41:06 |
|---|---|
| USGS-ANSS | ComCat |
| Local date | 18 September 2024 |
| Local time | 09:41:06 WIB |
| Duration | 7-15 seconds |
| Magnitude | 5.0 Mw |
| Depth | 10 km (6 mi) (USGS) |
| Epicenter | 7°14′13″S 107°34′12″E / 7.237°S 107.570°E |
| Areas affected | Java, Indonesia |
| Total damage | Rp. 385 billion ($25 million)[1] |
| Max. intensity | MMI IV (Light)[2] |
| Aftershocks | 33, largest is Mw 3.5[3] |
| Casualties | 2 dead, 159 injured |
Tectonic setting
edit
Java lies near an active convergent boundary that separates the Sunda Plate to the north and the Australian Plate to the south. At the boundary, marked by the Sunda Trench, the northward-moving Australian Plate subducts beneath the Sunda Plate. The subduction zone is capable of generating earthquakes of up to magnitude 8.7, while the Australian Plate may also host deeper earthquakes within the downgoing lithosphere (intraslab earthquakes) beneath the coast of Java. The subduction zone produced two destructive earthquakes and tsunamis in 2006 and 1994. An intraslab earthquake in 2009 also caused severe destruction.[5]
Compared to the highly oblique convergence across the plate boundary in Sumatra, near Java, it is close to orthogonal. However, there is still a small component of left-lateral strike-slip that is accommodated within the over-riding Sunda Plate. The Cimandiri Fault is one of the structures thought to be responsible.[6] Field investigations, combined with morphometric analysis show that the Cimandiri Fault zone is a relatively broad zone of faulting and folding, with six segments identified. Older parts of the fault zone show evidence of dominant left-lateral strike-slip, while younger parts show mainly oblique slip, with a mixture of reverse faulting and left-lateral strike-slip.[7]
Geology
editAccording to the National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB), the earthquake occurred in proximity to the Garsela and Lembang faults. None of these faults triggered the earthquake, instead, it ruptured along a previously unknown fault. In 2022, an earthquake in Cianjur occurred on another unmapped fault that resulted in over 600 fatalities.[8]
Impact
editTwo people died and 159 others were injured.[9] Both fatalities were children; one succumbed to injuries sustained after being struck by falling debris while another died from a seizure. The earthquake also displaced 710 people who were moved to shelters.[10] At least 784 homes collapsed and over 5,379 others and 226 buildings were damaged in Bandung Regency.[11][12] In Garut, 20 people were injured, six homes collapsed, and 2,036 structures were damaged.[13][14][15][16] A house was destroyed and two others were damaged in West Bandung Regency; one school was damaged in Cimahi; another home collapsed in Purwakarta; and one home was damaged in Bogor.[15]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "'Hidden threats': Indonesia's Bandung earthquake triggered by unmapped fault, say experts". CNA. 20 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ "Informasi Gempabumi Dirasakan" (Image) (in Indonesian). BMKG. 19 September 2024. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
- ^ "Gempa Susulan di Bandung 33 Kali Terjadi hingga Jumat Pagi Ini" (in Indonesian). Kompas.com. 20 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ ANSS. "M 5.0 - 14 km ESE of Banjar, Indonesia 2024". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
- ^ Cipta, Athanasius; Cummins, Phil R.; Irsyam, Masyhur; Hidayati, Sri (2018). "Basin Resonance and Seismic Hazard in Jakarta, Indonesia". Geosciences. 8 (4): 128. Bibcode:2018Geosc...8..128C. doi:10.3390/geosciences8040128. hdl:1885/251080.
- ^ Daryono, M.R.; Natawidjaja, D.H.; Sapiie, B.; Cummins, P. (2019). "Earthquake Geology of the Lembang Fault, West Java, Indonesia". Tectonophysics. 751: 180–191. Bibcode:2019Tectp.751..180D. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2018.12.014. S2CID 133823206.
- ^ Marliyani, G.I.; Arrowsmith, J.R.; Whipple, K.X. (2016). "Characterization of slow slip rate faults in humid areas: Cimandiri fault zone, Indonesia". Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface. 121 (12): 2287–2308. Bibcode:2016JGRF..121.2287M. doi:10.1002/2016JF003846. S2CID 132876601.
- ^ "'Hidden threats': Indonesia's Bandung earthquake triggered by unmapped fault, say experts". Channel News Asia. 20 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ "Bertambah, Korban Tewas Akibat Gempa di Bandung Ada Dua Orang" (in Indonesian). Cianjur Update. 20 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ "Two children die, hundreds injured in 5-magnitude West Java quake". The Jakarta Post. The Star. 20 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ "Jumlah Pengungsi Gempa di Kabupaten Bandung Mencapai 9.229 Jiwa" (in Indonesian). Metro TV News. 25 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
- ^ "Update Dampak Gempa Kabupaten Bandung: 5.000 Rumah Rusak". Bisnis Indonesia (in Indonesian). 18 September 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
- ^ "Update Gempa Bandung M5,0: 6 Wilayah Terdampak, Lokasi Pengungsian dan Kebutuhan Mendesak yang Diperlukan" (in Indonesian). Kabar Priangan. 20 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ "Update Terkini Puluhan Warga Luka-luka, Rumah dan Sekolah Rusak akibat Gempa Bandung" (in Indonesian). Kompas. 18 September 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Update Gempa Bandung: 3.601 Bangunan Rusak, 79 Orang Terluka dan Kerugian 298 Miliar". Kompas (in Indonesian). 19 September 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
- ^ "196 Rumah di Garut Rusak Akibat Gempa M 4,9 Bandung" (in Indonesian). Detik. 18 September 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
