Wikipedia

2024 Sri Lankan parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Sri Lanka on 14 November 2024 to elect 225 members to the new parliament. The 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka was dissolved on 24 September 2024.[3][4][5] The submission of nominations for the election commenced on 4 October and concluded on 11 October 2024 at 12:00 SLST.[6][7]

2024 Sri Lankan parliamentary election
← 2020 14 November 2024
All 225 seats in the Parliament of Sri Lanka
113 seats needed for a majority
Registered17,140,354[1]
Turnout68.93% (Decrease 6.96pp)
  First party Second party Third party
 
ITAK
Leader Anura Kumara Dissanayake Sajith Premadasa S. Shritharan
Party NPP SJB ITAK
Last election 3.84%, 3 seats 23.90%, 54 seats 2.82%, 10 seats[a]
Seats won 159 40 8
Seat change Increase 156 Decrease 14 Decrease 2
Popular vote 6,863,186 1,968,716 257,813
Percentage 61.56% 17.66% 2.31%
Swing Increase 57.72pp Decrease 6.24pp Decrease 0.51pp
  Fourth party Fifth party
 
Leader Ranil Wickremesinghe Mahinda Rajapaksa
Party NDF SLPP
Last election 0.04%, 0 seats 59.09%, 145 seats[b]
Seats won 5 3
Seat change Increase 5 Decrease 142
Popular vote 500,835 350,429
Percentage 4.49% 3.14%
Swing Increase 4.45pp Decrease 55.95pp
Prime Minister before election

Harini Amarasuriya
NPP

Prime Minister after election

Harini Amarasuriya[2]
NPP

The result of the election was a landslide victory for the left-wing National People's Power coalition led by recently-elected president Anura Kumara Dissanayake.[8] The NPP won 159 seats, more than any Sri Lankan political party in history, the second highest proportion of seats in the nation's history, and won every district except Batticaloa. This was the first election since 1977 where a single party managed to achieve a supermajority and the first time the Jaffna District was won by a non-Tamil political party.[9] This election also saw a record in women’s representation with 21 female MPs elected, the highest in Sri Lanka’s parliamentary history,[10] and a record number of more than 150 MPs are first-timers.[11]

Following the election, the newly elected 17th Parliament of Sri Lanka is expected to convene on 21 November 2024 at 10:00 SLST.[12][13]

Background

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Political landscape before the election

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The Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance (SLPFA), led by Mahinda Rajapaksa, won a large majority in the 2020 Sri Lankan parliamentary election on 5 August 2020.[14] During their tenure, the government under President Gotabaya Rajapaksa and Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa faced multiple crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic and an economic crisis, which culminated into widespread protests and the 2022 Sri Lankan political crisis.[15]

These events led to both Gotabaya Rajapaksa fleeing the country and resigning as president, and Mahinda Rajapaksa also stepping down as prime minister.[16][17] Ranil Wickremesinghe was first appointed as prime minister and later became the acting president following Gotabaya Rajapaksa's resignation. In a parliamentary vote on 20 July 2022, Wickremesinghe was elected as the 9th President of Sri Lanka, tasked with completing the remainder of Rajapaksa's term.[18]

In the 2024 Sri Lankan presidential election held on 21 September 2024, Anura Kumara Dissanayake defeated his main rivals, Opposition Leader Sajith Premadasa and incumbent President Ranil Wickremesinghe, to become the 10th President of Sri Lanka.[19]

As per the Parliamentary Elections Act, No. 1 of 1981, although the Sri Lankan parliament has a term of five years, the president can dissolve it after two years and six months from its first meeting or upon receiving a resolution from parliament. In spite of the 16th parliament's scheduled end in August 2025, President Dissanayake, exercising his constitutional powers and fulfilling an election pledge, dissolved parliament early on 21 September 2024.[20][21][22]

Timeline

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Key dates
Date Day Event Ref.
21 September 2024 Saturday Anura Kumara Dissanayake is elected as president at the 2024 Sri Lankan presidential election. [20][21]
24 September 2024 Tuesday President Dissanayake dissolved 16th parliament and called for a parliamentary election. [3][5]
4 October 2024 Friday Nomination period commenced. [6]
10 October 2024 Thursday Deadline to apply for a postal vote for eligible individuals. [23]
11 October 2024 Friday Nomination period concluded at 12:00 SLST. [7]
30 October 2024 Wednesday Postal voting commenced on 30 October 2024, continued on 1, 4, and 7 November, and concluded on 8 November 2024. [24][25][26]
11 November 2024 Monday Election campaigning activities concluded at 24:00. [27][28]
14 November 2024 Thursday Election day. Polling commenced at 07:00 and concluded at 16:00. [4][29]
21 November 2024 Thursday First meeting of the 17th parliament at 10:00 SLST.
Formal election of the Speaker.
Swearing in of the elected members.
Presentation of the goverment's policy statement by the President at 11:30. 		[4][12][13]

Electoral system

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See also: Elections in Sri Lanka and List of parliamentary elections in Sri Lanka

The Parliament has 225 members elected for a five-year term. 196 members are elected from 22 multi-seat constituencies through an open list proportional representation with a 5% electoral threshold; voters can rank up to three candidates on the party list they vote for.[30] The other 29 seats are elected from a national list, with list members appointed by party secretaries and seats allocated according to the island-wide proportional vote the party obtains.

Every proclamation dissolving parliament must be published in the The Sri Lanka Gazette and must specify the nomination period and the date of the election. The first meeting of the new parliament must occur within three months of the previous parliament's dissolution.[31]

Recent changes in seat allocation

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See also: Electoral districts of Sri Lanka and List of Polling divisions of Sri Lanka

On 25 September 2024, the Election Commission released details regarding the number of members to be elected from each electoral district in the upcoming parliamentary election, the number of candidates to be listed on the nomination paper, and the deposit amount required from independent groups. Recognised political parties are exempt from making a deposit.[1][32][33]

Registered electors and seat allocation changes: 2020 to 2024[1][14][19]
Provinces Districts Registered electors Number of allocated seats
2020 2024 2020 2024 Change
(+/-)
Western Colombo 1,709,209 1,765,351 19 18  1
Gampaha 1,785,964 1,881,129 18 19  1
Kalutara 972,319 1,024,244 10 11  1
Central Kandy 1,129,100 1,191,399 12 12  
Matale 407,569 429,991 5 5  
Nuwara Eliya 577,717 605,292 8 8  
Southern Galle 867,709 903,163 9 9  
Matara 659,587 686,175 7 7  
Hambantota 493,192 520,940 7 7  
Northern Jaffna 571,848 593,187 7 6  1
Vanni 287,024 306,081 6 6  
Eastern Batticaloa 409,808 449,686 5 5  
Ampara 513,979 555,432 7 7  
Trincomalee 288,868 315,925 4 4  
North Western Kurunegala 1,348,787 1,417,226 15 15  
Puttalam 614,374 663,673 8 8  
North Central Anuradhapura 693,634 741,862 9 9  
Polonnaruwa 331,109 351,302 5 5  
Uva Badulla 668,166 705,772 9 9  
Monaragala 372,155 399,166 6 6  
Sabaragamuwa Ratnapura 877,582 923,736 11 11  
Kegalle 684,189 709,622 9 9  
National List — — — 29 29  
Total — 16,263,885 17,140,354 225 225  

Recent Sri Lankan election results

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Election results
Dates of elections Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna
(SLPFA) 		Samagi Jana Balawegaya National People's Power Tamil National Alliance United National Party Others
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
2019 presidential election 6,924,255 52.25% —[c] — 418,553 3.16% —[d] — 5,564,239 41.99%[e] 345,452 2.35%
2020 parliamentary election 6,853,690 59.09% 2,771,980 23.90% 445,958 3.84% 327,168 2.82% 249,435 2.15% 950,698 8.20%
2024 presidential election[f] 342,781 2.57% 4,363,035 32.76% 5,634,915 42.31% —[d] — 2,299,767 17.27% 407,473 3.06%
Sri Lankan political map prior to this election
2020 Sri Lankan parliamentary election 2024 Sri Lankan presidential election
   
Elected members of each electoral district or municipality, gaining the highest number of votes
■ SLPFA ■ SJB ■ TNA ■ SLFP ■ EPDP ■ Other parties

Contesting parties

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See also: List of political parties in Sri Lanka
Abbr. Name Symbol Ideology Leader Seats won in 2020 Seats before election Status
Votes (%) Seats
SLPP Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna
ශ්‍රී ලංකා පොදුජන පෙරමුණ
இலங்கை பொதுஜன முன்னணி
 
 Sinhalese nationalism
Right-wing populism 		Mahinda Rajapaksa 59.09%
145 / 225
[b]
106 / 225
 Government
SJB Samagi Jana Balawegaya
සමගි ජනබලවේගය
ஐக்கிய மக்கள் சக்தி
 
 Big tent
Liberal conservatism
Progressivism 		Sajith Premadasa 23.90%
54 / 225
72 / 225
 Opposition
ITAK Ilankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi
இலங்கைத் தமிழரசுக் கட்சி
ඉලංගෙයි තමිළ් අරසු කච්චි
 
 Tamil nationalism S. Shritharan 2.82%
10 / 225
[a]
6 / 225
 Opposition
DTNA Democratic Tamil National Alliance
ஜனநாயக தமிழ் தேசிய கூட்டணி
දෙමළ ජාතික සන්ධානය
 
 Tamil nationalism — —
4 / 225
 Opposition
NPP National People's Power
ජාතික ජන බලවේගය
தேசிய மக்கள் சக்தி
 
 Democratic socialism
Anti-imperialism
Left-wing populism 		Anura Kumara Dissanayake 3.84%
3 / 225
3 / 225
 Opposition
TNPF Tamil National People's Front
தமிழ் தேசியத்திற்கான மக்கள் முன்னணி
ද්‍රවිඩ ජාතික ජනතා පෙරමුණ
 
 Tamil nationalism Gajendrakumar Ponnambalam 0.58%
2 / 225
2 / 225
 Opposition
NDF New Democratic Front
නව ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී පෙරමුණ
புதிய சனநாயக முன்னணி
 
 Big tent
Economic liberalism 		Ranil Wickremesinghe — — — New
SB Sarvajana Balaya
සර්වජන බලය
சர்வஜன அதிகாரம்
 
 Sinhalese nationalism Dilith Jayaweera — — — New

Total number of candidates contesting

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In a media release on 12 October 2024, the Election Commission announced that a total of 8,821 candidates would contest the parliamentary election. Of these, 5,564 candidates represent registered political parties, while 3,257 are contesting as independents.[34][35]

Socialist Party of Sri Lanka's candidate Chanu Nimesha made history as the first official transgender candidate in Sri Lankan political history to contest at the General Elections.[36][37][38]

Members of Parliament standing down

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Number of MPs standing down by party affiliation
Party MPs standing down
Elected[g] Final
SLPP 45 33
SJB 7 10
ITAK 2 2
UNP 2 2
TPNA 1 1
SLMC 1 1
OPPP 1 1
NFF 0 4
SLFP 0 3
DLF 0 1
MEP 0 1
Total 59

Election campaign

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Campaign finances

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Candidate asset declaration

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Under the Anti-Corruption Act, No. 9 of 2023, all election candidates are required to submit a Declaration of Assets and Liabilities to the Commissioner of Elections along with their nomination papers, covering assets and liabilities up to the date the election is announced. Candidates seeking national list nominations must also submit their declarations.[56][57]

Expenditure cap and regulations

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On 17 October 2024, the Election Commission issued a circular setting the maximum campaign spending limit for candidates in the 2024 General Election. This cap applies to candidates, political parties, independent groups, and national list candidates, and is determined by district.[58][59]

These regulations are enforced under the Regulation of Election Expenditure Act, No. 3 of 2023. Parties must submit expenditure reports to the Election Commission within 21 days of the election results being declared.[60]

Election campaigning activities

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Election campaigning activities concluded at 24:00 SLST on 11 November 2024. A silent period will be enforced until election day on 14 November 2024, during which all campaign activities are prohibited.[27][28]

Election monitors

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On 12 November 2024, the Election Commission announced that foreign election observers would participate in monitoring the upcoming election. These include representatives from South Asian countries, Russia, Thailand, and members of the Asian Network for Free Elections (ANFREL).[61][62]

Controversies

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Rejection of nomination papers

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YouTuber Ashen Senarathna announced his candidacy for the Sri Lankan Parliament, seeking to represent the Colombo electoral district as part of an independent group. On 11 October 2024, the Election Commission rejected his nomination, citing that it was submitted by an unauthorised individual, which led to disqualification. Senarathna plans to take legal action, claiming he was asked to wait outside while another candidate submitted the nomination.[63]

Removal of name from the nomination list

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Actress Damitha Abeyratne was expected to contest the general elections from the Ratnapura electoral district under the Samagi Jana Balawegaya (SJB) ticket. However, her name did not appear on the list of candidates submitted by the SJB to the District Secretariat. Hesha Vithanage, the SJB leader for Ratnapura, stated that the decision to exclude her name was made by district members.[64]

Withdrawal from contesting election

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On 12 October 2024, former MP Ajith Mannapperuma withdrew from the parliamentary elections and resigned from Samagi Jana Balawegaya (SJB), a day after submitting his nomination for the Gampaha electoral district. He cited his removal as SJB chief organiser for the Gampaha electorate. He also expressed disappointment with party leader Sajith Premadasa and his leadership.[65][66]

Opinion polls

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Institute for Health Policy

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The following nationwide presidential poll was conducted by the Institute for Health Policy (IHP), an independent research institution.

Date Polling firm SLPP SJB NPP UNP ITAK Others Lead Margin
of error 		Sample
size
21 September 2024 2024 Sri Lankan presidential election
August 2024 Institute for Health Policy 19% 29% 28% 9% 4% 11% 1 ±1–3% 1153
July 2024 Institute for Health Policy 13% 34% 32% 7% 5% 8% 2 ±1–3% 1198
June 2024 Institute for Health Policy 16% 38% 26% 7% 3% 9% 12 ±4–5% 446
May 2024 Institute for Health Policy 13% 34% 34% 6% 4% 9% Tie ±1–4% 503
April 2024 Institute for Health Policy 12% 34% 34% 5% 4% 11% Tie ±1–4% 444
March 2024 Institute for Health Policy 8% 38% 35% 5% 5% 9% 3 ±1–3% 506
February 2024 Institute for Health Policy 9% 30% 44% 4% 4% 9% 14 ±1–3% 575
January 2024 Institute for Health Policy 8% 30% 40% 6% 4% 12% 10 ±1.0–3.6% 506
December 2023 Institute for Health Policy 10% 27% 39% 6% 3% 15% 12 ±2.0–3.5% 522
October 2023 Institute for Health Policy 5% 26% 40% 11% 4% 13% 14 ±1–5% 567
September 2023 Institute for Health Policy 8% 22% 42% 13% 6% 6% 20 ±1–3% 599
August 2023 Institute for Health Policy 11% 24% 30% 11% 6% 17% 6 ±1–6% 556
July 2023 Institute for Health Policy 9% 24% 23% 8% 4% 33% 1 ±1–3% 466
June 2023 Institute for Health Policy 9% 23% 23% 9% 5% 30% Tie ±1–3% 506
May 2023 Institute for Health Policy 10% 26% 23% 13% 4% 23% 3 ±1–5% 630
April 2023 Institute for Health Policy 6% 30% 32% 9% 4% 19% 2 ±1–5% 580
March 2023 Institute for Health Policy 4% 30% 41% 6% 4% 15% 11 ±2–5% 521
February 2023 Institute for Health Policy 4% 30% 43% 4% 4% 15% 13 ±2–5% 421
January 2023 Institute for Health Policy 8% 31% 32% 9% 5% 15% 1 ±2–3% 724
July 2022 Institute for Health Policy 18% 32% 42% – – 8% 10 – –
2020 election N/A 59.1% 23.9% 3.8% 2.2% 2.8% 8.2% 35.2 N/A N/A

Seat projections

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Date Polling firm SLPP SJB NPP NDF ITAK Others Majority Margin
of error 		Sample
size
November 2024 Numbers.lk 2 53 124 24 11 9 11 ±5 870

Voting

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Postal voting

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The Election Commission initially accepted postal voting applications from 1–8 October 2024, later extending the deadline to 24:00 SLST on 10 October 2024. The postal voting facility is exclusively available to pre-approved officials involved in election duties.[23][24]

Approved individuals began casting votes on 30 October 2024. The postal voting process adhered to the Election Commission's schedule, with voting continuing on 1, 4, and 7 November, and concluding on 8 November 2024.[25][26]

Election day

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Voting commenced at 07:00 SLST on 14 November 2024 at 13,314 polling stations across the island and concluded at 16:00.[29]

Results

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President Anura Kumara Dissanayake’s National People’s Power alliance won 159 of the 225 seats, securing a two-thirds majority in the Parliament. This surge in the NPP's seat count from three in the previous Parliament marks a shift in Sri Lankan politics. Reports suggest that Dissanayake’s campaign focused on anti-corruption, social welfare, and economic revival amidst the country's economic crisis resonated with voters.[67][68][69] In the north and east, a decrease in support amongst Tamil and Muslim voters for traditional ethnic parties were given to be the reason for the NPP's success.[67][70]

The main opposition alliance, Sajith Premadasa's Samagi Jana Balawegaya, won 40 seats, a decrease from the previous election. Former President Ranil Wickremesinghe's New Democratic Front secured 5 seats, while former President Mahinda Rajapaksa's Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna collapsed from 145 seats in the previous election, winning 3 seats.[68][67]

National

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PartyVotes%Seats
DistrictNationalTotal+/-
National People's Power[i]6,863,18661.5614118159+156
Samagi Jana Balawegaya[j]1,968,71617.6635540-14
New Democratic Front[k]500,8354.49325+5
Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna350,4293.14213-97
Ilankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi257,8132.31718+8
Sarvajana Balaya[l]178,0061.60011+1
Sri Lanka Muslim Congress87,0380.78213+2
United Democratic Voice83,4880.75000New
United National Party66,2340.591010
Democratic Tamil National Alliance[m]65,3820.59101New
Democratic Left Front50,8360.460000
Democratic National Alliance45,4190.41000New
Tamil National People's Front[n]39,8940.361010
Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal34,4400.31000-1
All Ceylon Makkal Congress33,9110.301010
People's Struggle Alliance[o]29,6110.270000
Eelam People's Democratic Party28,9850.26000-2
Jaffna – Independent Group 1730,6370.27101+1
National Democratic Front25,4440.230000
United National Alliance22,5480.20000New
Sri Lanka Labour Party17,7100.16101+1
Devana Parapura16,9500.15000New
Thamizh Makkal Koottani13,2950.12000New
Jana Setha Peramuna12,7430.110000
National Front for Good Governance8,4470.08000New
United National Freedom Front7,7960.07000New
Arunalu Peoples Alliance7,6660.07000New
New Independent Front7,1820.06000New
National People's Party6,3070.060000
Our Power of People's Party6,0430.05000-1
Tamil United Liberation Front5,0610.050000
Democratic United National Front4,4800.040000
Samabima Party4,4490.04000New
Patriotic People's Power3,9850.04000New
Eros Democratic Front2,8650.03000New
Democratic Unity Alliance2,1980.020000
Socialist Party of Sri Lanka2,0870.020000
Jathika Sangwardhena Peramuna1,9200.020000
United Socialist Party1,8380.020000
Socialist Equality Party8640.010000
Freedom People's Front8410.01000New
United Peace Alliance8220.010000
Lanka Janatha Party7590.01000New
Eksath Lanka Podujana Pakshaya6590.01000New
Liberal Democratic Party6350.01000New
Nawa Lanka Nidahas Pakshaya6010.01000New
Nava Sama Samaja Party4910.00000New
Akhila Ilankai Tamil Mahasabha4500.000000
Democratic Party2830.00000New
Sri Lanka Mahajana Pakshaya2690.00000New
Independents245,4582.200000
Total11,148,006100.00196292250
Valid votes11,148,00694.35
Invalid/blank votes667,2405.65
Total votes11,815,246100.00
Registered voters/turnout17,140,35468.93
Source: Election Commission of Sri Lanka,[71] Ada Derana[72]

District

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Districts won by NPP
Districts won by ITAK

Seat changes

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List of MPs who lost their seat

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District Incumbent Held since
Party Member Offices held
Kurunegala SLPP[p] Johnston Fernando[73] Minister of Highways 2000

Aftermath

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President Dissanayake expressed thanks to voters for the NPP's showing, calling it a "renaissance".[74] Having secured over a two-thirds majority in Parliament, the NPP now has the power to amend the Constitution of Sri Lanka, having made various promises to do so during the campaign.[75]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b Represents seats won by the Tamil National Alliance (TNA) at the 2020 parliamentary election.
  2. ^ a b Represents seats won by the Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance (SLPFA) at the 2020 parliamentary election.
  3. ^ Did not exist
  4. ^ a b Did not contest
  5. ^ New Democratic Front candidate led by the United National Party
  6. ^ Without preferences
  7. ^ Party affiliation of retiring MPs at the time of the 2020 election.
  8. ^ Withdrew candidacy after submitting nominations.
  9. ^ Including the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna.
  10. ^ Alliance consisting of the All Ceylon Makkal Congress (which contested separately in one district, Ampara), the Freedom People's Congress, the Samagi Jana Balawegaya, the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (Dayasiri wing), the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (which contested separately in two districts, Ampara and Batticaloa), and the Tamil Progressive Alliance (consisting of the National Union of Workers, the United Progressive Alliance, the Democratic People's Front and the Up-Country People's Front).
  11. ^ Alliance consisting of the Ceylon Workers' Congress (which contested under the symbol of the United National Party in Nuwara Eliya), the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna, the National Unity Alliance, the National Congress, the New Lanka Freedom Party, the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (Nimal wing), the Sri Lanka Mahajana Pakshaya, the Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (pro-Ranil wing), and the United National Party.
  12. ^ Alliance consisting of the Communist Party of Sri Lanka, the Democratic Left Front, the Independent MPs Forum, the Mawbima Janatha Pakshaya and the Pivithuru Hela Urumaya.
  13. ^ Alliance consisting of the Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front, the People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam and the Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization.
  14. ^ The Tamil National People's Front contested under the name and symbol of the All Ceylon Tamil Congress.
  15. ^ Including the Frontline Socialist Party.
  16. ^ Originally elected for the United National Party.

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Number of members to be returned for each Electoral District as required under Article 98(8) of the Constitution – After certification of 2024(1) Supplementory Electoral Register (2024.02.01 – 2024.05.31) as at 2024.07.08" (PDF). Election Commission of Sri Lanka. October 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
  2. ^ "New Cabinet on Monday: What we know so far". Newswire. 17 November 2024. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  3. ^ a b "Proclamation by the President" (PDF). The Gazette Extraordinary. Department of Government Printing. 24 September 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  4. ^ a b c Balasuriya, Darshana Sanjeewa (24 September 2024). "General election on November 14". Daily Mirror. Archived from the original on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  5. ^ a b Ng, Kelly (24 September 2024). "Sri Lanka's new president dissolves parliament". BBC. Archived from the original on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  6. ^ a b Farzan, Zulfick (4 October 2024). "Nominations Open for 2024 Parliamentary Election". News First. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
  7. ^ a b Fernandopulle, Sheain (11 October 2024). "Nomination period for General Election ends today". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
  8. ^ "Sri Lanka: Left-leaning leader's coalition secures landslide victory". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
  9. ^ Radhakrishnan, R. K. (15 November 2024). "Sri Lanka Election Results 2024: JVP Wins Parliament Control, Marks Historic Political Shift". Frontline. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
  10. ^ "From 3% to 61%: Six major records NPP broke in historic election victory". www.adaderana.lk. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  11. ^ "Sri Lanka's tenth Parliament to welcome over 150 fresh faces as MPs". www.adaderana.lk. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
  12. ^ a b "The Gazette Extraordinary - No.2410/02 of Tuesday, November 12, 2024 - Proclamation by the President" (PDF). Presidential Secretariat. 12 November 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2024. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  13. ^ a b "New parliament meeting : President issues proclamation". Newswire. 12 November 2024. Archived from the original on 12 November 2024. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  14. ^ a b "Parliamentary Election Results – 2020". Election Commission of Sri Lanka. 7 June 2020. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  15. ^ Rasheed, Zaheena; Kuruwita, Rathindra (22 April 2022). "Thousands in Sri Lanka insist Rajapaksa family quit politics". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 12 September 2024. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  16. ^ Fraser, Simon (9 May 2022). "Mahinda Rajapaksa: Sri Lankan PM resigns amid economic crisis". BBC. Archived from the original on 13 September 2024. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  17. ^ Wong, Tessa; Murphy, Matt (13 July 2022). "Sri Lanka: President Gotabaya Rajapaksa flees the country on military jet". BBC. Archived from the original on 30 September 2024. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  18. ^ Mao, Frances; Ethirajan, Anbarasan (20 July 2022). "Sri Lanka: Ranil Wickremesinghe elected president by MPs". BBC. Archived from the original on 27 August 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  19. ^ a b "Presidential Election Results – 2024". Election Commission of Sri Lanka. 22 September 2024. Archived from the original on 26 October 2024. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
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