The 2021 Farmers' Republic Day protest was a protest on 26 January 2021 at Delhi.[3][4] Part of the 2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest, it turned violent when a group of protestors deviated from the parade to storm the Red Fort.[5] The protest took place on the 72nd Republic Day against the decision by Narendra Modi-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) to implement three farm acts.[6]
2021 Farmers' Republic Day Protest | |||
---|---|---|---|
2021 Farmers' Republic Day Protest In India Part of 2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest | |||
![]() Protesting farmer hoisting the Nishan Sahib flag from the ramparts of the Red Fort | |||
Date | 26 January 2021 | ||
Location | |||
Goals | Abolition of three farm acts | ||
Parties | |||
Casualties | |||
Death(s) | 1 protestor dead | ||
Injuries | 100+ 89 policemen injured[1] | ||
Arrested | 200 arrested[2] |
The decision to hold the parade with tractors and marching contingents in Delhi was announced on 2 January 2021 by the leadership of the Samyukt Kisan Morcha (SKM).[7][8] The date of 26 January 2021 was chosen, according to the SKM leaders, because it coincided with the two-month anniversary of the farmers' protest and because "the Republic Day represents the supremacy of the people".[9][10]
On 26 January, tens of thousands of the farmers protesting agricultural reforms drove a convoy of tractors, earlier than the allotted time, to start the tractor rally into New Delhi. The farmers drove on prohibited routes in long lines of tractors, riding horses or marching on foot. However, a section of the tractor rally turned violent as the protesting farmers clashed with the police. Some of the protesters deviated from their pre-sanctioned routes permitted by Delhi Police and breached the barricades.[3][11] Some protesters reached central Delhi and resorted to vandalism and damage to public property.[12] Other protestors reached the Red Fort and hoisted the Nishan Sahib (a Sikh religious flag) and farmer union flags on the mast on the rampart of the Red Fort.[13][14][15][16][17]
As of 28 January, the Delhi Police stated that it has filed various criminal cases over the incidents of violence and had arrested several people.[18] More than 300 police personnel were injured in the violence by protesters, who used batons and sharp weapons.[19] The violence and hoisting of a religious flag on the ramparts of the Red Fort led to the Bharatiya Kisan Union (Bhanu) and the Rashtriya Kisan Mazdoor Sangathan withdrawing from the farmers' protest.[20][21]
Dress rehearsal
editOn 7 January 2021, Samyukt Kisan Morcha organized the dress rehearsal of Kisan-parade for 26 January 2021 on the 270 kilometres long Eastern and Western Peripheral Expressway that rings Delhi. 5000 tractors participated in the tractor-trolley parade held between 11:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. IST. The 'parade' had four columns, each with its own start point, which were: Singhu, Tikri, Ghazipur, and Rewasan. A fifth farmers' column, with start point Dhansa, was added on the morning on 7 January. Each column is under a leader, with volunteers to ensure good order, after traversing the designated route and distance returned to the start point by evening. The tractor-trolley-parade was the cause of much enthusiasm and was deemed a success by the organizers. The farmers' tractor columns from Ghazipur and Palwal were mainly from Uttar Pradesh (UP), Uttarakhand and Madhya Pradesh (MP), and farmers in the columns from Singhu, Tikri, and Dhansa, were mostly from Punjab, and Haryana.[6] The rehearsal-parade passed without major incident. There were, however minor skirmishes between farmers and policemen in Bulandshahr and Gautam Buddha Nagar. Iraj Raja, Superintendent of Police (Rural), Ghaziabad said no permission was sought for the rally but "the administration was in no mood of confrontation as long as there is no law-and-order problem."[6] The farmers' column from Rewasan, Nuh district, was prevented from participating by the police. Its leader Ramzan Chaudhary, president of All-India Mewati Samaj, was detained on 7 January by Narendra Bijarniya, Superintendent of Police of Nuh district.[22]
Simultaneous Kisan parades were also held in many districts of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, as well as Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.[6][22]
Government response
editThe Indian government had expressed apprehensions before the Supreme Court over what it says is a continued "Khalistani infiltration" in the farmers' protests, pointing out the role of outlawed secessionist groups like Sikhs for Justice. The government alleged that such groups had been using the protests as a cover for collecting money for their causes.[23] The farmers, and their unions, have been accused by government and sections of the media of links with hostile foreign powers such as Pakistan and China of harbouring Naxalites, terrorists, Khalistanis and anti-nationals. It also alleged that the farmers were unable to comprehend the many virtues of the farm bills and the protests to be a front for opposition political parties such as the Indian National Congress.[24][25][26][27] Ravi Shankar Prasad, then the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, and Union Minister Piyush Goyal, who was a member of the Government delegation engaged in talks with the farmers, were among the ruling party members who made such allegations.[28]
The Government had opposed the farmers' plan for Kisan Gantantra Diwas Parade (transl. Farmers' Republic Day Parade) on the grounds of security, law and order, threats to the nation's prestige and "global image". On 11 January, KK Venugopal, the Attorney General for India, informed the Supreme Court of India that the Intelligence Bureau (IB) had found evidence that the farmers were harbouring Khalistanis.[29] The government ordered the Delhi Police, which comes under the Ministry of Home Affairs, to submit an application to the Supreme Court to prevent the tractor parade. The Delhi Police application claimed that the tractor parade would cause "a massive law and order situation and will cause an embarrassment to the nation" and that the right to protest can never include "maligning the nation globally".[30][23][25][31]
The SKM leadership, disappointed with the accusations by the Government, dismissed the allegations as baseless, stating that it intended to malign and demonise the farmers' movement.[27] Balbir Singh Rajewal, the senior SKM leader has warned farmers to beware of Government attempts to malign the increasing popular movement through ‘dushprachar’ (bad propaganda). He accused the "anti-farmer forces and government agencies" of trying to scuttle the peaceful agitation of farmers and common people.[27]
Timeline
edit2 January 2021
editSamyukt Kisan Morcha (SKM) leaders announced that if their core demands of the repeal of the farm laws and legal guarantee to implement Minimum Support Price (MSP) were not met by 26 January 2021, they would hold a 'Kisan Gantantra Diwas Parade' (transl. Farmers' Republic Day Parade) on that day to coincide with the annual Republic Day Parade, in which the country showcases it tanks, missiles, and military might. Yogendra Yadav of Jai Kisan Andolan issued an appeal to all "farmers from adjoining areas of national capital to be prepared" for the 'Kisan Gantantra Diwas Parade'. Before the main tractor-parade on 26 January, SKM leadership announced a rehearsal of the same on 6 January 2021.[3][10]
8 January 2021
editThe eighth round of talks between the SKM at the Government at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, ended without progress. After the talks, union leader Joginder Singh Ugrahan said, "We do not want anything less than the repeal of laws" and that "we will not bow down". Hannan Mollah, another Kisan leader, stated that the tractor parade would be held as planned on 26 January.[32] Balbir Singh Rajewal, reiterated that the government had no constitutional right to legislate on agricultural marketing since it was a state subject. The consensus amongst the farmer coalition was "Bill wapsi toh ghar wapsi (transl. Repeal the laws and we return home)", a slogan coined by Rakesh Takait, the leader of Bharatiya Kisan Union (Tikait).[32][33]
11 January 2021
editThe Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) through Delhi police applied to the Supreme Court to bar the Kisan parade on grounds of security from entering into the National Capital Region of Delhi.[29][34] Attorney-General KK Venugopal told the Supreme Court that with the impending Republic Day ceremony, "any disruption or obstruction in the said functions would not only be against the law and order, public order, public interest but would also be a huge embarrassment for the nation".[30] The SC, not convinced by the Attorney general's appeals, noted that it was within the powers of the police to control the Kisan march, including finding out if the protestors were armed.[34]
17 January 2021
editFarmers write to Delhi Police to seek permission to hold rally at the Ramlila Ground.[35][36]
20 January 2021
editNational Democratic Alliance (NDA) during the tenth round of talks with SKM proposed suspending the three new farm laws for one or one-and-a-half years. SKM leader said they will consult with all the 500 farm organizations on 21 January, before taking a final decision on the government proposal. The farmers ask the government to withdraw all the cases registered against the farmers. The SKM after discussion with the union members turned down the proposal, saying that whatever the outcome of 22 January talks the farmer unions would continue with their peaceful protest and would go ahead with the tractor rally on Republic Day. They added that it would cause no disruption to the planned military parade on Rajpath.[37] "Several women will also drive tractors on January 26," Harinder Kaur Bindu, BKU (Ekta Ugrahan) vice president, said.[38]
The government withdrew its plea to SC seeking a ban on the Kisan Tractor Rally after the Supreme Court said "it is a police matter" and that "We are not going to tell you what to do."[38]
23 January 2021
editDelhi Police accorded permission, with several conditions, to the farmers to hold their Republic Day parade in Delhi. Farmer leader Darshan Pal stated the barricades and barriers that Delhi Police had placed between the farmers and Delhi, will be removed by the police before 26 January 2021.[39] Similar parades were scheduled to be held across the country[40]
24 January 2021
editDependra Pathak, Special Commissioner and Head of Delhi Police Intelligence, following the sanction by the Delhi Police on Kisan Gantantra Diwas Parade 2021, briefed the media. In his briefing, he said that Delhi Police has intelligence that Pakistan has plans to disrupt the parade. To support the assessment on Pakistan plans he said 'Intelligence' from 'various other agencies' was that '300 Twitter handles created in Pakistan from 13 to 18 January to disturb farmers’ tractor rally'. SN Shrivastava, the Commissioner of Delhi Police issued an order that Delhi Police, Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) and 'other force deployed for Republic Day Parade security, should remain in a ready position to move at short notice for law and order arrangement in connection with Kisan Tractor Rally'.[41]
According to Police briefing, 12,000–13,000 tractors were estimated to participate in the Kisan Tractor Parade. The Kisan Parade will start after the end of the parade on the Rajpath. The schedule, the route, have been decided by the police. The route has been limited to routes "away from the arterial points around Tikri, Singhu and Ghazipur borders".[41][42]
25 January 2021
editSamyukta Kisan Morcha, to ensure orderly, nonviolent Farmers' Republic Day Parade, issued detailed instructions for preparation and conduct of the tractor rally.[9] The government deployed 15 companies of paramilitary forces to strengthen the security of the capital city during the protests.[43] Delhi Police issued a traffic advisory for the farmer's tractor rally.[44]
26 January 2021
editOn 26 January, tens of thousands of the farmers protesting agricultural reforms drove a convoy of tractors into New Delhi. The farmers drove in long lines of tractors, riding horses or marching on foot.[45] The parade started from Singhu Border, Tikri Border and Ghazipur in Delhi on the routes approved by the Police. The farmers were barred from entering the central part of the city where the official Republic Day Parade was taking place.[46] At the Singhu Border starting point, according to the police estimates, around 7000 tractors had gathered. Reuters reported citing farmers' unions that close to 200,000 tractors had participated.[46]
Later, the tractor rally turned into a violent protest as the protesting farmers drove through the barricades and clashed with the police.[16][17] At around 8 am, a few hours early from the permitted time, farmers started to gather separately at Ghazipur, Singhu and Tikri borders. The tractor rally commenced from the Singhu border and was designated to follow a decided route. However, as the rally progressed, it deviated and marched towards other routes and the protesting farmers clashed with the police forces.[47] The protestors instead of rallying on the pre-decided route, chose to march towards ITO metro station and the city center meanwhile breaking through the barricades. This prompted the Delhi Police to resort to use of tear gas and baton charging.[48] The agitating protestors vandalised a Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) bus and police vehicles. According to the police, the protestors used sticks, iron rods, pelted stones, while some Nihang protestors rode on horses fully equipped with deadly weapons like swords, kirpans and fursas and some protesters even used their tractors to run over the police.[49][50][51][52] Some protesters driving their speeding tractors rammed barricades and attempted to mow down the policeman on duty.[53] One person reportedly died after he lost control and his tractor overturned on him. Likewise, the postmortem also ascertained the cause of death as "shock and hemorrhage due to antemortem injuries".[54][55]
A section of the farmers reached and entered the historic Red Fort of Old Delhi and hoisted religious flags from the ramparts and climbed up the domes of the fort.[56] One of the farmers was seen climbing a flagpole in front of the fort and hoisting the Sikh religious flag Nishan Sahib on the flagpole.[57] The clash between police and farmers also caused damage to facilities inside the fort.[58] The fort was vacated following police announcements.
According to the Delhi Police, 394 policemen and thousands of farmers were reported injured, 30 police vehicles were damaged.[59][60] A high-level meeting was taken by Amit Shah in which decision was taken to deploy additional paramilitary forces in Delhi and to take action against those found violating protest rules.[61] The President Ram Nath Kovind condemned the incidents of violence and the religious flag hoisting and called it an "insult to the national flag and Republic day".[62] Internet services were suspended for hours in several parts of Delhi and the NCR region.
The farmer unions blamed actor turned activist Deep Sidhu[63] and gangster-turned-activist Lakha Sidhana[64] for instigating the violence and hoisting a Nishan Sahib flag on the Red Fort.[65]
Aftermath
editPolice action
editOn 27 January 2021, the names of Darshan Pal, Yogendra Yadav and 35 other farmer leaders were mentioned in the First Information Report (FIR) registered at the Samaypur Badli Police Station against the protestors. The FIR registered at the Ghazipur Police Station in East Delhi named Rakesh Tikait and other farmer leaders for instigating protesters.[66][67] After the violence, the farmers called off the march to the parliament on 1 February during the budget session.[68] A day after the protest, Twitter suspended over 500 accounts, a majority of those belonging to pro-Khalistan supporters, for spam and platform manipulation.[69]
As of 28 January, the Commissioner stated that the Delhi Police had filed 25 criminal cases on the incidents of violence and arrested 19 people. Punjabi actor Deep Sidhu was charged by the police for allegedly insulting the Indian flag and inciting violence.[18][70] In a preliminary investigation, the police stated that "there was a pre-conceived and well-coordinated plan to break the agreement between the Delhi Police and the leaders of protesting organizations." Delhi Police filed an FIR under Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act and sedition against the persons and farm leaders involved in the rioting.[71][72][73] Over 200 protesters were detained by the police.[74]
On 7 February, the Delhi police stated that it had traced the instigators of some of the violence caused to the circulation of an online "toolkit (document of propaganda)" through Google.[75] The makers of the toolkit were stated to have direct ties with "pro-Khalistani elements". The toolkit was first tweeted by Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg.[76] The Delhi Police had also written to Zoom seeking details of the participants of a Zoom meeting in which the toolkit was created.[77] Google is stated to have provided information to the Delhi Police, which led to the arrest of an environmental activist, Disha Ravi, among others.[78] Ravi's arrest and trial became widely publicised. People across the country protested against her arrest.[79][80][81] Ravi was released on bail on 24 February 2021 after a court in Delhi held that there was "scanty" and "sketchy" evidence to back charges of sedition against her and that citizens could not be jailed simply because they disagreed with government policies.[82]
Response
editSharad Pawar, the leader of the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) said that he does not support the violence that took place during the farmers' protest in Delhi.[83] The Chief Minister of Punjab, Captain Amarinder Singh also condemned the violence.[84]
Felicitation of protestors
editAt an event held at the Golden Temple in March 2021, the father of the man who was wanted by the police for hoisting the Nishan Sahib at the Red Fort was felicitated. The gathering also supported other fugitives listed by the Delhi Police over the Republic Day violence. Among those in attendance were the Dal Khalsa president, MLA Sukh Singh Khaira, and the Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar) general secretary.[85]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Chand, Sakshi (28 January 2021). "Outnumbered, but not outdone: Injured cops recall Republic Day horror". The Times of India. Delhi. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
- ^ "Farmers' protests - Delhi Police detain 200 in connection with Republic Day violence". The Hindu. 27 January 2021.
- ^ a b c "Protesting Farmers to Hold Tractor Parade on Jan 26 in Delhi If Demands Not Met". Hindustan Times. 2 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Will Celebrate Lohri by 'Burning' Copies of Farm Laws, Say Farmers; next Round of Talks Tomorrow". The Indian Express. 3 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ Mohan, Vishwa (2 January 2021). "Farmers' Unions Plan to Hold Their Own Parades in Delhi on Republic Day, Say It's Time for Decisive Action". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ a b c d "Farmers Plan Tractor Rally from Five Points Surrounding Delhi from 11 am. Today". The Hindu. 7 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ Sengar, Mukesh Singh (2 January 2021). "75-Year-Old Protesting Farmer Found Dead at Delhi-Ghaziabad Border". NDTV. Archived from the original on 2 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
- ^ Sinha, Jignasa (17 December 2020). "Delhi Chalo' March: Farmers Say Will Prepare List of Deaths during Protest". The Indian Express. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
- ^ a b "Samyukta Kisan Morcha Issues Advisory for Farmers' Republic Day Parade". The Tribune. 25 January 2021. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ^ a b "Will Hold Tractor Parade towards Delhi on 26 January If Demands Not Met, Say Farmer Unions". ThePrint. 2 January 2021. Archived from the original on 2 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Tractor rally: Why protesting farmers deviated from original routes". MSN. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ Bhardwaj, Ananya (27 January 2021). "3 reasons why Delhi Police failed to stop farmers from storming the heart of the capital". Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ "Chaos in the republic: The rampage of protesting farmers – A full-proof plan gone wrong". The Economic Times. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ "Anti-farm laws protestors wave flags from ramparts of Red Fort in Delhi". The Daily Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ "Republic Day Violence: Delhi Police Register 4 FIRs for Rioting, Damage to Public Property". News18. 26 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
- ^ a b Hannah Ellis-Petersen, Aakash Hassan (26 January 2021). "Violent clashes as Indian farmers storm Delhi's Red Fort". The Guardian.
- ^ a b "India protest: Farmers breach Delhi's Red Fort in huge tractor rally". BBC News. India. 26 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
- ^ a b "Deep Sidhu, Lakha Sidhana booked for Red Fort violence". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ "'Proud of their courage': Amit Shah visits cops injured in R-day violence". Hindustan Times. 28 January 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ Sen, Meghna, ed. (27 January 2021). "Farmers' protest: BKU (Bhanu), Rashtriya Kisan Mazdoor Sangathan withdraw from agitation". LiveMint. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021.
- ^ "BKU (Bhanu), Rashtriya Kisan Mazdoor Sangathan withdraw from farmers' protest over Jan 26 violence". India Today. Delhi. 27 January 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
- ^ a b "Farmers' Protest | Tractor Rallies Taken out on Expressways Surrounding Delhi". The Hindu. 7 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ a b Tiwary, Deeptiman (13 January 2021). "In SC, Govt Echoes What Some in BJP Said: 'Khalistani' Presence". The Indian Express. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- ^ "Ugrahan Wears His Politics on His Sleeve: 'Called Us Pak, Now Naxals". The Indian Express. 13 December 2020. Archived from the original on 13 December 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- ^ a b "Khalistanis' Have Infiltrated Ongoing Farmers' Protests at Delhi Border: Centre Tells SC". Free Press journal. 12 January 2021. Archived from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Farmers protest: At Singhu, 'Godi media' is enemy". The Telegraph. Kolkota. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ a b c "Farmer Leaders Divided over Tractor March on Republic Day". Tribuneindia News Service. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ Nair, Remya (12 December 2020). "Maoists, Leftists Have Infiltrated 'so Called' Farmer Protests to Scuttle Reforms, Says Goyal". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020.
- ^ a b "Tractor Rally on R-Day Will Be Embarrassment to Nation, Centre Tells SC in Injunction Plea". ThePrint. 12 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ a b Roy, Radhika (11 January 2021). "Farmers Happy With Laws; Wrong Perception Created By Non-Farmer Elements' : Centre's Affidavit in SC On Farmers Protests". livelaw.in. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ Karat, Brinda (15 January 2021). "How Supreme Court's Committee Will Be Used Against Farmers". NDTV. Archived from the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ a b "Ghar Wapsi'Only after 'Law Wapsi': Protesting Farmers Dig in Heels after Talks with Centre Fail to Make Headway". The Indian Express. 8 January 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- ^ Joshua, Anita (9 January 2021). "Farmers Protest: Centre Rules out Repealing Laws, Asks Protestors to Go to Court". The Telegraph. Kolkota. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ a b Roy, Radhika (12 January 2021). "Supreme Court Issues Notice On Delhi Police Plea To Stop Farmers' Tractor Rally On Republic Day". livelaw. Archived from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Farm Laws: Farmers' Union Seeks Permission to Hold Protest at Ramlila Maidan, Writes to Delhi Police". The Economic Times. 17 January 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (22 January 2021). "How NIA Case on Sikhs for Justice Only Lends Credibility to Outfit 'No One Takes Seriously". ThePrint. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- ^ Gupta, Moushumi Das (20 January 2021). "Modi Govt Offers to 'suspend' Farm Laws until Standoff Is Resolved, Awaits Farmers' Response". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021.
- ^ a b The wire (20 January 2021). "Police Matter': SC Allows Centre to Withdraw Plea Against Farmers' Tractor Rally". The Wire. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
- ^ Press Trust of India (23 January 2021). "Delhi Police Has given Nod to tractor Parade on 26 January, Claim Farmers' Unions". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
- ^ NewsClickin (23 January 2021). "26 तारीख़ को ट्रैक्टर परेड देश के हर गाँव में होगी '- अमराराम, 2021". NewsClickin. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
- ^ a b "Delhi Police Clear 3 Routes for Farmers' Republic Day Tractor Rally". ThePrint. 24 January 2021. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ^ "308 Twitter Handles Made in Pakistan to Cause Panic in Farmers' R-Day Rally, Say Delhi Police". ThePrint. 24 January 2021. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ^ "Red Fort violence: Delhi police detain 200 after farmer protests". BBC News. 27 January 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ Delhi Police (25 January 2021). ""Tractor Rally of Farmers Traffic Advisory". DELHI POLICE Shanti Sewa Nyaya. Archived from the original on 5 March 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- ^ Welle, Deutsche. "India farmer protesters clash with police on Republic Day | DW | 26 January 2021". Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ a b Bhatia, Gurman (29 January 2021). "Tractors to Delhi". Reuters. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ Revathi Krishnan (26 January 2021). "Breaking barriers to Red Fort march – timeline of how farmer protest turned ugly within hours". The Print.
- ^ Arvind Ojha (26 January 2021). "86 cops injured in farmers protest, several admitted: Police". India Today.
- ^ "Over 300 Cops Injured, 200 Detained Over Tractor Rally Violence: Police". NDTV.com. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
- ^ "Violence at farmers tractor rally: What went wrong in the police plan?". Hindustan Times. 27 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ "Nihang protester flashes sword as police block road to New Delhi". India Today. 26 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
- ^ "Farmers' protest – 41 security personnel sustain injuries at Red Fort". The Hindu. 26 January 2021.
- ^ "Protesters attacked cops with swords, looted anti-riot gear: Red Fort FIR". 29 January 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
- ^ Shekhar, Raj (27 January 2021). "Farmers' rally: Tractor parade turns Capital raid". The Times of India. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
- ^ Bhardwaj, Ananya (28 January 2021). "Not shot but crushed by tractor- post mortem on farmer who died in Delhi protests reveals". The Print. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ "India protest: Farmers breach Delhi's Red Fort in huge tractor rally". BBC News. BBC. 26 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ Dawn.com (26 January 2021). "In pictures: Indian farmers enter Delhi's Red Fort as protests break out across the country". Dawn. Pakistan. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
- ^ "ASI shuts Red Fort till January 31 for visitors after vandalism by tractor rally protesters". 28 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ Paliwal, Aishwarya (27 January 2021). "Farmer leaders betrayed Delhi Police, 394 cops injured, 19 arrests made: Commissioner". India Today. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ Sabarwal, Harshit (26 January 2021). "Tractor rally violence: Internet services snapped in parts of Delhi-NCR". Hindustan Times. New Delhi.
- ^ "Additional Forces in Delhi After Amit Shah's Security Meet Over Clashes". NDTV.com. 26 January 2021.
- ^ "'National flag, R-Day insulted': President Kovind on January 26 violence". Hindustan Times. 29 January 2021.
- ^ "Farmers had rejected actor Deep Sidhu". The Telegraph. Kolkota. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
- ^ "Farmer leaders to be charged for sedition; UAPA invoked by police". Hindustan Times. 28 January 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
- ^ Arora, Kusum (28 January 2021). "Who Are Deep Sidhu and Lakha Sidhana, and Why Are Farmers' Unions Angry With Them?". The Wire.
- ^ "Republic Day violence | Delhi Police name farmer leaders in FIRs". The Hindu. 27 January 2021. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
- ^ "R-day Violence: 37 Farmer Leaders Named in Delhi Police's FIR; Unions Call Off Feb 1 March to Parliament". News18. 27 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ "Indian farmers call off parliament march after deadly violence". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
- ^ "Farmers' protest: Twitter suspends over 550 handles after Republic Day violence". Deccan Herald. 27 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ "Delhi Police arrests Red Fort raider Deep Sidhu". The Times of India. 9 February 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "Tractor parade violence: Case registered under UAPA to probe conspiracy angle". The Tribune. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ "Republic Day violence: Perpetrators will be charged under UAPA, other sections of IPC". India TV. 28 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ "Tension at Delhi border as farmers told to vacate protest site". The Times of India. 28 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ Prawesh Lama (27 January 2021). "Tractor rally chaos: FIRs filed under attempt to murder, criminal conspiracy". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ "Police wait for Google to help them trace creators of 'toolkit'". Hindustan Times. 7 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
- ^ "Delhi Police issue arrest warrant against Nikita Jacob, Shantanu in farm protest document case". Scroll. 15 February 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ Joy, Shemin (16 February 2021). "Delhi Police writes to Zoom, seeks details of toolkit meeting participants ahead of Republic Day". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
- ^ Sangomla, Akshit (16 February 2021). "Disha Ravi arrest: Role of Google, tech companies under cloud". Down to Earth. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
- ^ Sayeed, Vikhar Ahmed (12 March 2021). "Disha Ravi's arrest sparks off protests in Bengaluru". Frontline. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
- ^ "Protests after 22-year-old Indian climate activist Disha Ravi arrested in "unprecedented attack on democracy"". CBS News. 16 February 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
- ^ "Arrest of young Indian activist triggers outrage". Al Jazeera. 15 February 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
- ^ "Disha Ravi gets bail in toolkit case: What the court said". Hindustan Times. 24 February 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ "Farmers were agitating with restraint but Centre didn't solve their problems: NCP chief Sharad Pawar". DNA India. 26 January 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ "Capt Amarinder on Delhi clashes: 'Shocking, violence by some elements unacceptable'". The Indian Express. 26 January 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ "Family of youth who hoisted Nishan Sahib at Red Fort honoured at Golden Temple event". The Indian Express. 25 March 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
Further reading
edit- Bhatia, Gurman. "Tractors to Delhi". Reuters.
- Delhi's Republic Day theatre of the optics, Coverage by People's Archive of Rural India (PARI)