Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 26 March 2017. They had originally been scheduled for 2018 at the end of the four-year term of the National Assembly. However, following the resignation of Prime Minister Boyko Borisov and the failure of Bulgarian parties to form a government, early elections were called.[1] Borisov resigned following the defeat of Tsetska Tsacheva, the candidate of his GERB party, in the November 2016 presidential elections.[2][3] The official election campaign began on 24 February.[4]
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All 240 seats in the National Assembly 121 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 53.85% ( 2.8pp) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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GERB won a plurality, with 95 of the 240 seats. Borisov was elected Prime Minister again after negotiating a governing coalition.[5]
Background
editDuring the 2016 presidential election campaign, Borisov promised to resign if his party's candidate, Chairperson of the National Assembly Tsetska Tsacheva, lost the election.
On 6 November 2016 Tsacheva finished second in the first round to BSP-backed Major General Rumen Radev, receiving only 22% of the popular vote compared to Radev's 25.4%.[6] Following the result, Borisov reiterated his promise to resign if his party's candidate lost the runoff election a week later. On November 13, 2016, she finished a distant second with only 36.2% of the popular vote compared to Radev's 59.4%.[7]
Borisov, staying true to his campaign promise, subsequently resigned on 14 November.[8] Two days later, the National Assembly voted 218–0 to accept it.[9]
Electoral system
editThe 240 members of the National Assembly are elected by closed list proportional representation from 31 multi-member constituencies ranging in size from 4 to 16 seats. The electoral threshold is 4%.[10]
Bulgarians abroad were able to vote in 371 voting sections in 70 foreign countries and territories. Some territories were excluded from this provision due to either security concerns (e.g. Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya and Syria) or that very few resident Bulgarian nationals resident in the country had submitted requests to be enabled to vote (e.g. Ethiopia, Indonesia, Mongolia, North Korea and Pakistan).[11]
Participating parties
editThe deadline for political parties to register for the election was 8 February 2017.[12] Despite holding 15 seats in the Assembly, Reload Bulgaria chose not to compete in the election after being initially refused a name change, among other reasons.[13] The list of registered parties is below.[14]
| Party or coalition | Leader | Ideology | European affiliation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GERB | Boyko Borisov | Conservatism, pro-Europeanism, populism | European People's Party | |
| BSP for Bulgaria | Bulgarian Socialist Party | Korneliya Ninova | Socialism, Social democracy | Party of European Socialists |
| Agrarian Union "Aleksandar Stamboliyski" | Spas Panchev | Agrarianism | ||
| Communist Party of Bulgaria | Aleksandar Paunov | Marxism–Leninism | ||
| New Dawn | Mincho Minchev | Left-wing nationalism | ||
| Ecoglasnost | Green politics, Environmentalism | |||
| Trakia | ||||
| DPS | Mustafa Karadaya | Liberal democracy, Bulgarian Turk's minority rights and interests | Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe | |
| United Patriots | National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria | Valeri Simeonov | Bulgarian ultranationalism, national conservatism, Euroscepticism | Movement for a Europe of Liberties and Democracy |
| Attack | Volen Siderov | Bulgarian nationalism, Euroscepticism | Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty | |
| IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement | Krasimir Karakachanov | Bulgarian ultranationalism, national conservatism | European Conservatives and Reformists | |
| Average European Class | Georgi Manev | Economic liberalism, Pro-Europeanism, populism | ||
| Union of the Patriotic Forces "Defense" | Nikolay Zahariev | Bulgarian nationalism | ||
| Reformist Bloc | Bulgarian Agrarian National Union | Nikolay Nenchev | Agrarianism | |
| Bulgarian New Democracy | Borislav Velikov | Liberalism | ||
| Bulgaria for Citizens Movement | Meglena Kuneva | Centrism | ||
| Union of Democratic Forces | Bozhidar Lukarski | Christian democracy, pro-Europeanism, conservatism | European People's Party | |
| People's Voice | Svetoslav Vitkov | Populism | ||
| Bulgarian Democratic Forum | Zhaklin Toleva | Nationalism | ||
| Volya | Veselin Mareshki | Populism, Russophilia, Liberal democracy | ||
| ABV – Movement 21 | Alternative for Bulgarian Revival | Konstantin Prodanov | Social democracy, Russophilia | |
| Movement 21 | Tatyana Doncheva | Social democracy | ||
| Movement "Yes, Bulgaria" | Yes, Bulgaria! | Hristo Ivanov | Anti-Corruption | |
| The Greens | Zaritsa Georgieva, Vladislav Panev | Green politics, Environmentalism | European Green Party | |
| DEOS | Viktor Lilov | Liberalism | ||
| Coalition of dissatisfied | Bulgarian Social Democracy – EuroLeft | Dimitar Mitev | Social democracy | |
| Christian Social Union | Christian democracy | |||
| Party of the Greens | Vladimir Nikolov | Green politics, Environmentalism | European Green Party | |
| WHO – Bulgarian Left and Green Party | Bulgarian Left | Hristofor Dochev, Margarita Mileva, Ivan Genov | Democratic socialism | Party of the European Left |
| WHO – Competence, Responsibility and Truth | ||||
| Green Party of Bulgaria | Green politics, Environmentalism | European Green Party | ||
| New Republic | Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria | Radan Kanev | National liberalism, pro-Europeanism | European People's Party |
| Union for Plovdiv | ||||
| Bulgarian democratic community | Gospodin Tonev | |||
| Bulgarian democratic center | Krasimira Kovachka, Stefan Kenov | Conservatism | ||
| Movement for Radical Change "Bulgarian Spring" | Velizar Enchev | Left-wing nationalism | ||
| Bulgarian National Unification | Georgi Georgiev | Bulgarian nationalism | ||
| Revival | Kostadin Kostadinov | Bulgarian nationalism | ||
| National Republican Party | Mladen Mladenov | |||
| Movement for an Equal Public Model | Iliya Iliev | Rights and interests of Gypsies | ||
| Movement Forward Bulgaria | Zornitsa Todorova | |||
| Association DOST | Democrats for Responsibility, Solidarity and Tolerance (DOST) | Lyutvi Mestan | Turkish minority rights and interests, Good relations with Turkey | |
| People's Party "Freedom and Dignity" | Orhan Ismailov | Liberalism | ||
| National Movement for Rights and Freedoms | Guner Tahir | Turkish minority rights and interests | ||
Opinion polls
edit
Percentages do not account for undecided voters. 'Date' column signifies the last date of the survey in question, not the date of publication.
| Source | Date | Sample size | Margin of error | GERB | BSP | DPS | OP | RB | Volya | Yes! | ABV | Others / None | Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 election | 5 October 2014 | 32.7% | 15.4% | 14.8% | 11.8%[1] | 8.9% | – | – | 4.2% | 12.2% | |||
| Trend | 17 January 2017 | 1,002 | ± 3.1% | 32.2% | 29.3% | 7.8% | 10.4% | 3.7% | 5.9% | 0.7% | 1.0% | 9.0% | 2.9% |
| Alpha Research | 22 January 2017 | 1,024 | ± 3.0% | 32.6% | 28.8% | 7.8% | 10.7% | 3.8% | 4.4% | 2.3% | 1.4% | 8.2% | 3.8% |
| Estat | 22 January 2017 | 1,000 | ± 3.1% | 36.1% | 27.5% | 6.0% | 7.0% | 2.4% | 8.4% | 0.9% | 1.9% | 9.8% | 8.6% |
| Gallup | 30 January 2017 | 816 | ± 3.5% | 27.6% | 28.7% | 8.2% | 11.9% | 4.3% | 7.7% | 2.0% | 1.9% | 7.7% | 1.1% |
| CAM | 7 February 2017 | 1,012 | ± 3.1% | 29.2% | 28.1% | 9.6% | 7.5% | 3.7% | 5.2% | 1.5% | 0.9% | 14.3% | 1.1% |
| Trend | 9 February 2017 | 1,002 | ± 3.1% | 29.7% | 28.7% | 9.0% | 9.9% | 3.4% | 6.5% | 2.3% | 2.0% | 8.5% | 1.0% |
| Sova Haris | 20 February 2017 | 1,003 | ± 3.0% | 31.3% | 31.6% | 6.4% | 10.3% | 6.3% | 7.2% | 0.5% | 3.0% | 3.4% | 0.3% |
| Alpha Research | 23 February 2017 | 1,024 | ± 3.0% | 31.5% | 29.6% | 6.8% | 10.8% | 3.9% | 5.7% | 2.6% | 2.9% | 6.2% | 1.9% |
| AFIS[permanent dead link] | 27 February 2017 | 1,200 | ± 3.0% | 28.2% | 30.5% | 6.7% | 8.5% | 4.5% | 5.1% | 1.3% | 3.3% | 12.0% | 2.3% |
| Estat | 28 February 2017 | 1,000 | ± 3.1% | 29.5% | 30.2% | 6.4% | 8.6% | 3.9% | 11.8% | 2.3% | 1.5% | 5.8% | 0.7% |
| Gallup | 5 March 2017 | 1,003 | ± 3.1% | 28.3% | 30.2% | 8.2% | 11.9% | 4.3% | 7.4% | 2.3% | 2.6% | 4.8% | 1.9% |
| Institute of Modern Politics | 6 March 2017 | 827 | ± 3.1% | 29.1% | 29.0% | 7.3% | 9.5% | 3.5% | 5.8% | 1.7% | 4.1% | 10.0% | 0.1% |
| Gallup | 15 March 2017 | 1,012 | ± 3.0% | 29.9% | 30.3% | 8.1% | 11.5% | 4.4% | 6.5% | 2.3% | 2.4% | 3.6% | 0.4% |
| Estat | 15 March 2017 | 1,000 | ± 3.1% | 29.7% | 27.2% | 8.3% | 8.6% | 6.1% | 10.5% | 1.3% | 2.6% | 5.7% | 2.5% |
| AFIS | 16 March 2017 | 1,010 | ± 3.0% | 31.2% | 31.5% | 8.5% | 9.9% | 4.4% | 5.3% | 1.1% | 4.1% | 4.1% | 0.3% |
| Trend | 16 March 2017 | 1,004 | ± 3.1% | 29.8% | 27.9% | 8.7% | 10.2% | 3.8% | 7.3% | 2.1% | 2.6% | 7.6% | 1.9% |
| CAM | 16 March 2017 | 1,012 | ± 3.1% | 29.6% | 29.0% | 10.8% | 10.0% | 3.5% | 6.2% | 1.9% | 1.5% | 7.5% | 0.6% |
| Mediana | 20 March 2017 | 1,010 | ± 3.0% | 26.6% | 27.7% | 11.1% | 10.2% | 5.1% | 9.6% | 1.1% | 4.0% | 4.6% | 1.1% |
| Institute of Modern Politics | 20 March 2017 | 805 | ± 3.1% | 28.5% | 29.0% | 9.1% | 10.1% | 4.0% | 9.6% | 2.0% | 4.5% | 3.2% | 0.5% |
| Gallup | 21 March 2017 | 1,012 | ± 3.0% | 27.1% | 26.5% | 9.7% | 12.3% | 3.8% | 8.2% | 2.4% | 2.6% | 7.4% | 0.6% |
| Alpha Research | 22 March 2017 | 1,033 | ± 3.0% | 31.7% | 29.1% | 8.4% | 8.9% | 4.0% | 6.8% | 2.5% | 2.9% | 5.7% | 2.6% |
| Exacta | 22 March 2017 | 1,000 | ± 3.0% | 31.2% | 28.1% | 7.6% | 10.5% | 4.0% | 6.5% | 1.5% | 2.6% | 8.0% | 3.1% |
- ^ Combined result of the Patriotic Front and Attack.
Results
edit
Five parties crossed the 4% threshold required to gain seats. GERB maintained their position as the largest party.
 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | +/– | Seats | +/– | |
| GERB | 1,147,292 | 32.65 | –0.0 | 95 | +11 | |
| BSP for Bulgaria | 955,490 | 27.19 | +11.8 | 80 | +41 | |
| United Patriots | 318,513 | 9.07 | +4.3 | 27 | –3 | |
| Movement for Rights and Freedoms | 315,976 | 8.99 | –5.9 | 26 | –12 | |
| Volya | 145,637 | 4.15 | New | 12 | New | |
| Reformist Bloc | 107,407 | 3.06 | –5.8 | 0 | –23 | |
| Yes, Bulgaria! | 101,177 | 2.88 | New | 0 | New | |
| Association DOST | 100,479 | 2.86 | New | 0 | New | |
| New Republic | 86,984 | 2.48 | New | 0 | New | |
| Alternative for Bulgarian Revival–Movement 21 | 54,412 | 1.55 | –2.6 | 0 | –11 | |
| Revival | 37,896 | 1.08 | New | 0 | New | |
| Party of the Greens | 10,159 | 0.29 | –0.3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Bulgarian Spring | 9,232 | 0.26 | New | 0 | New | |
| Forward Bulgaria Movement | 6,644 | 0.19 | New | 0 | New | |
| Coalition of the Dissatisfied | 5,945 | 0.17 | New | 0 | New | |
| Movement for an Equal Public Model | 4,989 | 0.14 | New | 0 | New | |
| Bulgarian National Unification | 3,921 | 0.11 | New | 0 | New | |
| Bulgarian Democratic Center | 3,130 | 0.09 | New | 0 | New | |
| WHO–BL–ZP | 2,916 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | ||
| National Republican Party | 2,325 | 0.07 | New | 0 | New | |
| Independents | 5,116 | 0.15 | –0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
| None of the above | 87,850 | 2.50 | – | – | – | |
| Total | 3,513,490 | 100.00 | – | 240 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 3,513,490 | 95.41 | ||||
| Invalid/blank votes | 169,009 | 4.59 | ||||
| Total votes | 3,682,499 | 100.00 | ||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 6,838,235 | 53.85 | ||||
| Source: CIK | ||||||
Voter demographics
editGallup exit polling suggested the following demographic breakdown.
| Voter demographics[15] | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social group | % GERB | % BSP | % OP | % DPS | % Volya | % RB | % Yes! | % DOST | % Others | % Lead |
| Exit poll result | 33 | 28 | 10 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 5 |
| Final result | 32.7 | 27.2 | 9.1 | 9.0 | 4.2 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 8 | 5.5 |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Men | 31 | 25 | 10 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 9 | 6 |
| Women | 33 | 30 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 3 |
| Age | ||||||||||
| 18–30 | 32 | 14 | 7 | 11 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 13 | 18 |
| 30-60 | 34 | 23 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 11 |
| 60+ | 26 | 44 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 18 |
| Highest Level of Education | ||||||||||
| Lower education | 21 | 28 | 6 | 26 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 6 | 2 |
| Secondary education | 34 | 26 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 8 |
| Higher education | 32 | 28 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 11 | 4 |
| Ethnic Group | ||||||||||
| Bulgarian | 34 | 30 | 11 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 9 | 4 |
| Turkish | 14 | 8 | 0 | 53 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 3 | 34 |
| Roma | 28 | 21 | 2 | 23 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 5 |
| Location | ||||||||||
| Towns and villages | 28 | 26 | 8 | 21 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 10 | 2 |
| Smaller cities | 29 | 32 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 3 |
| Larger cities | 35 | 27 | 9 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 11 | 8 |
| Sofia | 33 | 23 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 12 | 0 | 13 | 10 |
| How they vote in second round of 2016 presidential election | ||||||||||
| Rumen Radev - 53,4% | 9 | 48 | 11 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 11 | 37 |
| Tsetska Tsacheva - 30,5% | 75 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 71 |
| No one/didn't vote - 16,1% | 25 | 5 | 13 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 5 | 16 | 12 |
Aftermath and government formation
editBoyko Borisov appeared set to resume his tenure as Prime Minister, possibly with a coalition with the United Patriots,[16] and ultimately formed the Second Borisov Government with the United Patriots.
References
edit- ^ Bulgaria Heads for Early Elections Balkan Insight, 20 December 2016
- ^ Bulgaria Sliding Toward Caretaker Govt, But with Same Parliament Novinite, 13 November 2016
- ^ Bulgarian PM Borisov resigns, snap parliamentary polls likely Reuters, 14 November 2016
- ^ "Election Campaign Starts in Bulgaria". novinite.com. Novinite JSC. 24 February 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
- ^ Hope, Kerin; Troev, Theodor (27 March 2017). "Former PM Borisov claims victory in Bulgarian election". Financial Times. Retrieved 28 March 2017.(subscription required)
- ^ "Резултати за президент и вицепрезидент на републиката-I Тур". cik.bg. Central Electoral Commission. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
- ^ "Резултати за президент и вицепрезидент на републиката-II Тур". cik.bg. Central Electoral Commission. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
- ^ Bulgarian PM Borisov tenders his government resignation Reuters, 14 November 2016
- ^ "Bulgarian MPs Accept PM Borisov's Resignation". Novinite.com. Sofia News Agency. 16 November 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
- ^ Bulgaria IFES
- ^ Central Electoral Commission – Decision #4400 – March 4, 2017
- ^ "Bulgaria's Early Election: Parties' Registration Deadline Expires". novinite.com. Sofia News Agency. 8 February 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
- ^ "Reload Bulgaria Party Not to Participate in March 26 Elections". bta.bg. 21 February 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
- ^ "Централна избирателна комисия".
- ^ "Парламентарни избори 2017 – подробни демографски профили и някои наблюдения" [Parliamentary Elections 2017 – Detailed Demographic Profiles and Some Observations] (in Bulgarian). 27 March 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
- ^ Georgiev, Ognyan (27 March 2017). "Bulgaria's Borisov is Back — But Coalition May be Shaky". Politico. Retrieved 27 March 2017.