Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1995.
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Plants
editConifers
editConifer research
edit- Phipps, Osborne, & Stockey detail permineralized Pinus pollen cones from the Allenby Formations Princeton Chert site. The description is the first to include in-situ pollen ultrastructure and the cones are the oldest Pinus pollen cones that had been described to date. Affiliation with the Princeton chert organ taxa Pinus similkameenensis (leaves) and Pinus arnoldii (seed cones) was suggested.[2]
Arthropods
editNewly named arachnids
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
gen et sp nov |
valid |
only scorpion from the Green River Formation |
Newly named insects
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
De Andrade |
A myrmicine ant |
 | ||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
De Andrade |
A myrmicine ant |
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|
gen et comb nov |
valid |
A micropterigid moth |
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|
sp nov |
valid |
A Dryinus lamellatus group wasp |
 | |||||
|
subfam, gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Eocene |
sister taxon to the rest of Inocelliidae |
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|
sp nov |
Jr synonym |
Vierbergen & Scheven |
Burdigalian |
Dominican amber |
A myrmicinae ant, |
 | ||
|
sp nov |
Jr synonym |
Vierbergen & Scheven |
Burdigalian |
Dominican amber |
A myrmicinae ant, |
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|
sp nov |
Jr synonym |
Vierbergen & Scheven |
Burdigalian |
Dominican amber |
A myrmicinae ant, |
 | ||
|
sp nov |
Jr synonym |
Vierbergen & Scheven |
Burdigalian |
Dominican amber |
A myrmicinae ant, |
 | ||
|
sp nov |
Jr synonym |
Vierbergen & Scheven |
Burdigalian |
Dominican amber |
A myrmicinae ant, |
 |
Brachiopods
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Herrera |
A species of Boucotia |
Molluscs
editBivalves
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
gen et sp nov |
valid |
Hinz-Schallreuter |
The type species is C. asy |
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|
sp nov |
Hinz-Schallreuter |
Probable synonym of P. runnegari |
Fish
editNewly named bony fish
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
dubious |
A possible ichthyodectid. Originally described as possible spinosaurid teeth. |
Archosauromorphs
editNewly named dinosaurs
edit- Fossil hunters working on behalf of the Royal Saskatchewan Museum discover a large coprolite from a theropod dinosaur in Maastrichtian strata. In 1997 it is sent to coprolite specialist Karen Chin, who determines that this specimen of fossilized feces was attributable to Tyrannosaurus rex. One year later, in 1998, Karen Chin and others publish a joint paper in Nature announcing the finding.
- Paul Sereno lead an expedition to the Kem Kem region of southeastern Morocco. Among the fossils discovered is a partial skull of Carcharodontosaurus saharicus. Significantly, it preserves a "complete and undistorted braincase" which would later be described in detail along with the structure of the inner ear of C. saharicus by Hans C. E. Larsson in 2001.[13]
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[14]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
 | ||||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Le Loeuff |
 | |||||
|
Redman |
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|
Gen et sp nov |
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|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Long & Murry |
|
A herrerasaurid |  | |||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Olshevsky |
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|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Sampson |
 | |||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Accarie et al. |
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|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Coria & Salgado |
A carcharodontosaurid |
 | ||||
|
Valid |
Hunt, Lockley, Lucas, & Meyer |
 India
|
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|
Olshevsky |
 | |||||||
|
Valid |
Zhang & Yang |
 China
|
 | |||||
|
Valid |
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|
Welles, Powell, & Pickering |
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|
Valid |
Carpenter, Dilkes, & Weishampel |
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|
Valid |
Chure |
An allosaurid |
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|
Gen nov |
Olshevsky |
|||||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Coombs |
late Albian-early Cenomanian |
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|
Material later named Duriavenator |
Newly named birds
edit| Name | Status | Novelty | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
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|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Pliocene |
An anhingid |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
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|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
|||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A corvid |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pleistocene |
|
A gruid |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle-Late Pliocene |
A rheid |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
An idiornithid gruiform; the genus was synonymized with the genus Dynamopterus Milne-Edwards, 1892 by Mourer-Chauviré, 2013 [39] |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
|||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
ppZlatozar N. Boev |
Late Pliocene |
Middle Villafranchian |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene |
Late Blancan |
|
A larid |
|||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene |
Late Blancan |
|
A larid |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
An anhingid |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
?Early Miocene |
A menurid |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Paleocene |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene |
Late Blancan |
|
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early-Middle Paleocene |
An indeterminate neognath |
Pterosaurs
editNew taxa
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Howse and Milner |
 |
Synapsids
editMammals
editNew taxa
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Spassov and Lange-Badré |
Type species is A. altidens, though this later became a junior synonym of A. gracilis. |
 |
References
edit
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- ^ Phipps, CJ; Osborn, JM; Stockey, RA (1995). "Pinus Pollen Cones from the Middle Eocene Princeton Chert (Allenby Formation) of British Columbia, Canada". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 156 (1): 117–124. doi:10.1086/297232. S2CID 84598167.
- ^ Santiago-Blay, Jorge A.; Soleglad, Michael E.; Fet, Victor (2004). "A redescription and family placement of Uintascorpio Perry, 1995 from the Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation (middle Eocene) of Colorado, USA (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" (PDF). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología. 10: 7–16.
- ^ a b De Andrade, M. L. (1995). "The ant genus Aphaenogaster in Dominican and Mexican amber (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. IX: Pheidolini)". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 223: 1–11.
- ^ Mey, Wolfram (2011). "On the systematic position of Baltimartyria Skalski, 1995 and description of a new species from Baltic amber (Lepidoptera, Micropterigidae)". ZooKeys (130): 331–342. Bibcode:2011ZooK..130..331M. doi:10.3897/zookeys.130.1480. PMC 3260770. PMID 22259287.
- ^ Olmi, Massimo; Guglielmino, Adalgisa (2011). "Revision of fossil species of Dryinus belonging to lamellatus group, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae)" (PDF). ZooKeys (130): 505–514. Bibcode:2011ZooK..130..505O. doi:10.3897/zookeys.130.1335. PMC 3260778. PMID 22259296.
- ^ Engel, M.S. (1995). "A new fossil snake-fly species from Baltic amber (Raphidioptera: Inocelliidae)". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 102 (3–4): 187–193. doi:10.1155/1995/23626. hdl:1808/16479.
- ^ a b c d e Vierbergen, G.; Scheven, J. (1995). "Nine new species and a new genus of Dominican amber ants of the tribe (Cephalotini Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Creation Research Society Quarterly. 32 (3): 158–170.
- ^ a b c d e f de Andrade, M. L.; Baroni Urbani, C. (1999). "Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, past and present". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 271: 537–538.
- ^ Herrera, Zarela Angélica (1995). "The first notanopliid brachiopod from the South American Devonian sequence". Geobios. 28 (3): 337–342. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(95)80008-5.
- ^ a b Elicki, O.; Gürsu, S. (2009). "First record of Pojetaia runnegari Jell, 1980 and Fordilla Barrande, 1881 from the Middle East (Taurus Mountains, Turkey) and critical review of Cambrian bivalves" (PDF). Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 83 (2): 267–291. Bibcode:2009PalZ...83..267E. doi:10.1007/s12542-009-0021-9. S2CID 49380913. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
- ^ a b Nesov, L.A. (1995). "Dinosaurs of northern Eurasia: new data about assemblages, ecology and palaeogeography (in Russian)". University of Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg: 156.
- ^ "Introduction," Chure (2001). Pg. 20.
- ^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
- ^ a b Sampson, S.D. (1995). "Two new horned dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana, with a phylogenetic analysis of the Centrosaurinae (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15 (4): 743–760. Bibcode:1995JVPal..15..743S. doi:10.1080/02724634.1995.10011259.
- ^ Le Loeuff, J. (1995). "Ampelosaurus atacis (nov. gen., nov. sp), un nouveau Titanosauridae (Dinosauria, Saurpoda) du Crétacé Supérieur de la haute vallée de l'Aude (France)". C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris. 321 (sér. II a): 693–696.
- ^ Boyd, C. A.; Brown, C. M.; Scheetz, R. D.; Clarke, J. A. (2009). "Taxonomic revision of the basal neornithischian taxa Thescelosaurus and Bugenasaura". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (3): 758–770. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29..758B. doi:10.1671/039.029.0328. S2CID 84273584.
- ^ Long, R.A. and P.A. Murry. 1995. Late Triassic (Carnian and Norian) tetrapods from the Southwestern United States. New Mexico Museum Nat. History Sci. Bull. 4: pp. 1-254.
- ^ a b Olshevsky vide Olshevsky, G. 1995. The Origin and Evolution of the Tyrannosaurids. Kyoryugaku Saizensen [Dino-Frontline] 9: 92-119 (part 1); 10:75-99 (part 2)
- ^ Accarie, H., B. Beaudoin, J. Dejax, G. Fries, J.-C. Michard, and P. Taquet. 1995. Decouverte d’un Dinosaure Theropode nouveau (Genusaurus sisteronis n. g., n. sp.) dans l’Albien marin de Sisteron (Alpes de Haute-Provence, France) et extension au Cretace inferieur de la lignee ceratosaurienne. Compte rendu hebdomadaire des séances de l’Académie des Sciences Paris, tomo 320, 2nd series : pp. 327-334.
- ^ Coria, R.A.; Salgado, L. (1995). "A new giant carnivorous dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Patagonia". Nature. 377 (6546): 224–226. Bibcode:1995Natur.377..224C. doi:10.1038/377224a0. S2CID 30701725.
- ^ Hunt, A.P., M.G. Lockley, S.G. Lucas, and C.A. Meyer. 1995 [George Olshevsky notes 1995, not 1994]. The global sauropod fossil record. In:Aspects of sauropod paleobiology (M.G. Lockley, V.F. dos Santos, C.A. Meyer, and A. Hunt, eds,). Revista de Geociencias, Gaia 10: pp. 261-279.
- ^ Olshevsky vide Olshevsky, G [with illustrations by T.L. Ford and S. Yamamoto]. 1995. The Origin and Evolution of the Ornithopods. Kyoryugaku Saizensen [Dino-Frontline] 11: 98-119 (part 1); 12: 96-117 (part 2); 13: 97-109 (part 3, 1996);
- ^ Zhang, Y., and Z. Yang. 1994 [George Olshevsky notes 1995, not 1994]. A new complete ostology of Prosauropoda in Lufeng Basin Yunnan China, Jingshanosaurus. Yunnan Publishing House of Science and Technology, Kunming, China: pp. 1-100.
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- ^ Carpenter, K.; Dilkes, D.; Weishampel, D.B. (1995). "The Dinosaurs of the Niobrara Chalk Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Kansas)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15 (2): 275–297. Bibcode:1995JVPal..15..275C. doi:10.1080/02724634.1995.10011230.
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- ^ Kenneth E. Campbell, jr. (1995). "A Review of the Cranes (Aves: Gruidae) of Rancho La Brea, with the Description of a New Species" (PDF). Museum of Natural History of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science. 452: 1–13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-29. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
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- ^ a b Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1995). "The Messelornithidae (Aves: Gruiformes) from the Palaeocene of France". Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg. 181: 95–105.
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- ^ Spassov, Nikolay; Lange-Badré, B. (1995). "Asiavorator altidens gen et sp. nov., un mammifere carnivore nouveau de l'Oligocene superieur de Mongolie". Annales de Paléontologie (in French). 81 (3): 109–123.