The XI Bolivarian Games (Spanish: Juegos Bolivarianos) were a multi-sport event held between January 14–25, 1989, in Maracaibo, Venezuela. The Games were organized by the Bolivarian Sports Organization (ODEBO).
| Host city | Maracaibo, Zulia |
|---|---|
| Country |  Venezuela |
| Nations | 6 |
| Athletes | 1286 |
| Events | 20 sports (+ 2 exhibition) |
| Opening | January 14, 1989 |
| Closing | January 25, 1989 |
| Opened by | Jaime Lusinchi |
| Torch lighter | Carlos Leal |
| Main venue | Estadio Olímpico Pachencho Romero |
The opening ceremony took place on January 14, 1989, at the Estadio Olímpico Pachencho Romero in Maracaibo, Venezuela.[1][2] The Games were officially opened by Venezuelan president Jaime Lusinchi.[1] Torch lighter was 76-year-old former tennis player and gold medalist Carlos Leal.[1][2][3]
A detailed history of the early editions of the Bolivarian Games between 1938 and 1989 was published in a book written (in Spanish) by José Gamarra Zorrilla, former president of the Bolivian Olympic Committee, and first president (1976–1982) of ODESUR.[1] Gold medal winners from Ecuador were published by the Comité Olímpico Ecuatoriano.[3]
Participation
editAbout 1286 athletes from 6 countries were reported to participate:[1]
Sports
editThe following 20 sports (+ 2 exhibition events) were explicitly mentioned:[1][3][4]
- Aquatic sports
Diving ()
Swimming ()
Synchronized swimming ()
Athletics ()
Baseball ()
Basketball ()
Bowling ()
Boxing ()
Caballos amaestrados (Dressage) ()†- Cycling
Road cycling ()
Track cycling ()
Equestrian ()
Fencing ()
Gymnastics (artistic) ()
Judo ()
Karate ()†
Sailing
Shooting ()
Softball ()
Table tennis ()
Taekwondo ()
Tennis ()
Volleyball ()
Weightlifting ()
Wrestling ()
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†: Exhibition event.
Medal count
editThe medal count for these Games is tabulated below.[5] A slightly different number of medals was published elsewhere.[6] This table is sorted by the number of gold medals earned by each country. The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next, and then the number of bronze medals.
| 1989 Bolivarian Games Medal Count | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Venezuela |
147 | 80 | 70 | 297 |
| 2 |  Colombia |
64 | 68 | 116 | 208 |
| 3 |  Peru |
31 | 31 | 47 | 109 |
| 4 |  Ecuador |
19 | 52 | 51 | 122 |
| 5 |  Panama |
5 | 11 | 17 | 33 |
| 6 |  Bolivia |
1 | 11 | 17 | 29 |
| Total | 267 | 253 | 278 | 798 | |
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f Gamarra Zorrilla, José, Bolivia Olímpica Capítulos VI al VIII (PDF) (in Spanish), ANDES Academia del Conocimiento y el Desarrollo "Fernando Diez de Medina", retrieved October 22, 2012
- ^ a b Quesada, Estewil (January 15, 1989), "En la Inauguración de los Bolivarianos – Folclor por encima de la fantasía", El Tiempo (in Spanish), p. 10 (original page: 7B), retrieved January 18, 2013
- ^ a b c Cuadro de Medallistas Ecuatorianos en la Historia de los J. D. B. por Edición (PDF) (in Spanish), Comité Olímpico Ecuatoriano, archived from the original (PDF) on June 8, 2012, retrieved October 22, 2012
- ^ Ruiz Espinel, Ricardo (January 14, 1989), "El presidente Jaime Lusinchi inaugura hoy los Bolivarianos – Se abre la lucha y la controversia – Maracaibo: último envión para tratar de salvar la justa creada en 1938", El Tiempo (in Spanish), p. 1B, retrieved February 12, 2015
- ^ Resultados – XI Juegos Bolivarianos. Maracaibo – Venezuela, 1989 (in Spanish), Comité Organizador de los Juegos Deportivos Bolivarianos 2005, archived from the original on October 11, 2007, retrieved January 16, 2013
- ^ Ruiz Espinel, Ricardo (January 26, 1989), "Seis deportes sacaron la cara en Maracaibo _ Colombia: con más pena que gloria – La natación fue una de las disciplinas que tuvo un balance más pobre en los Bolivarianos", El Tiempo (in Spanish), p. 7 (original page: 1B), retrieved January 18, 2013