The 1892–93 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with former Democratic President Grover Cleveland's return to power. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1892 and 1893, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.
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29 of the 88 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections) 45 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Results of the elections: Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican hold Silver Republican gain Populist gain Legislature failed to elect | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Republican Party lost nine seats, losing its majority to the Democratic Party. The Democratic majority, however, was minimal and did not last past the next Congress.
Results summary
editSenate party division, 53rd Congress (1893–1895)
- Majority party: Democratic (43)
- Minority party: Republican (37)
- Other parties: Populist (3); Silver (1)
- Vacant: 4
- Total seats: 88
Change in Senate composition
editBefore the elections
edit| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | ||||||
| D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6 | D5 |
| D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 |
| D34 Ran |
D33 Ran |
D32 Ran |
D31 Ran |
D30 Ran |
D29 | D28 | D27 | D26 | D25 |
| D35 Ran |
D36 Ran |
D37 Ran |
D38 Ran |
D39 Unknown |
D40 Retired |
P1 | P2 | R46 Wis. Retired |
R45 Retired |
| Majority → | R44 Retired | ||||||||
| R35 Ran |
R36 Ran |
R37 Ran |
R38 Ran |
R39 Ran |
R40 Ran |
R41 Unknown |
R42 Unknown |
R43 Retired | |
| R34 Ran |
R33 Ran |
R32 Ran |
R31 Ran |
R30 Ran |
R29 Ran |
R28 | R27 | R26 | R25 |
| R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 |
| R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 | R5 |
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | ||||||
Result of the elections
edit| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | ||||||
| D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6 | D5 |
| D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 |
| D34 Re-elected |
D33 Re-elected |
D32 Re-elected |
D31 Re-elected |
D30 Re-elected |
D29 | D28 | D27 | D26 | D25 |
| D35 Re-elected |
D36 Re-elected |
D37 Re-elected |
D38 Hold |
D39 Hold |
D30 Gain |
D41 Gain |
D42 Gain |
D43 Wis. Gain |
V4 D loss |
| Majority with vacancies ↑ | V3 R loss | ||||||||
| R35 Re-elected |
R36 Re-elected |
R37 Hold |
SR1 Gain |
P1 | P2 | P3 Gain |
V1 R loss |
V2 R loss | |
| R34 Re-elected |
R33 Re-elected |
R32 Re-elected |
R31 Re-elected |
R30 Re-elected |
R29 Re-elected |
R28 | R27 | R26 | R25 |
| R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 |
| R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 | R5 |
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | ||||||
Beginning of the next Congress
edit| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | ||||||
| D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6 | D5 |
| D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 |
| D34 | D33 | D32 | D31 | D30 | D29 | D28 | D27 | D26 | D25 |
| D35 | D36 | D37 | D38 | D39 | D40 | D41 | D42 | D43 | D44 Appointed |
| Majority with vacancies → | |||||||||
| R35 | R36 | R37 | SR1 | P1 | P2 | P3 | V1 | V2 | V3 |
| R34 | R33 | R32 | R31 | R30 | R29 | R28 | R27 | R26 | R25 |
| R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 |
| R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 | R5 |
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | ||||||
| Key: |
|
|---|
Race summaries
editElections during the 52nd Congress
editIn these special elections the winners were seated during the 52nd Congress in 1892 or in 1893 before March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Maryland (Class 3) |
Charles H. Gibson | Democratic | 1891 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected January 21, 1892.[2] |
|
| Texas (Class 1) |
Horace Chilton | Democratic | 1891 (appointed) | Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected March 22, 1892.[4] Democratic hold. |
|
| Vermont (Class 1) |
Redfield Proctor | Republican | 1891 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected October 18, 1892.[5][4] Winner was also elected to the next term. |
|
| West Virginia (Class 2) |
John E. Kenna | Democratic | 1883 1889 |
Incumbent died January 11, 1893. New senator elected January 24, 1893. Democratic hold. |
|
| Kentucky (Class 2) |
John G. Carlisle | Democratic | 1890 (special) | Incumbent resigned February 4, 1893. New senator elected February 15, 1893.[7][8] Democratic hold. |
|
In this special election, the winner was seated in the 53rd Congress, starting March 4, 1893.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Kansas (Class 2) |
Bishop W. Perkins | Republican | 1892 (appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected on January 25, 1893, but didn't qualify until the next Congress on March 4, 1893. Democratic gain. Immediately thereafter, another joint convention elected J. W. Ady, but that contest of Martin's election was "soon abandoned."[9] |
|
In this early regular election, the winner was seated in the 54th Congress, starting March 4, 1895.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Mississippi | Edward C. Walthall | Democratic | 1885 (appointed) 1886 (special) 1889 |
Incumbent re-elected early on January 19, 1892, for the term beginning 1895.[10] Walthall, however, had already been re-elected to next term.[11] |
|
Races leading to the 53rd Congress
editIn these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1893; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| California | Charles N. Felton | Republican | 1891 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 18, 1893. Democratic gain. |
|
| Connecticut | Joseph R. Hawley | Republican | 1881 1887 |
Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1893.[12] |
|
| Delaware | George Gray | Democratic | 1885 (special) 1887 |
Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1893. |
|
| Florida | Samuel Pasco | Democratic | 1887 | Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Incumbent was later appointed, then elected; see below. |
[data missing] |
| Indiana | David Turpie | Democratic | 1863 (special) 1863 (retired) 1887 |
Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1893. |
|
| Maine | Eugene Hale | Republican | 1881 1887 |
Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1893. |
|
| Maryland | Arthur P. Gorman | Democratic | 1880 1886 |
Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1892.[10] |
|
| Massachusetts | Henry L. Dawes | Republican | 1875 1881 1887 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1893. Republican hold. |
|
| Michigan | Francis B. Stockbridge | Republican | 1887 | Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1893. |
|
| Minnesota | Cushman Davis | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1893, on the second ballot.[9] |
|
| Mississippi | James Z. George | Democratic | 1880 1886 |
Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1892.[10][11] |
|
| Missouri | Francis Cockrell | Democratic | 1874 1881 1887 |
Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1893.[15] |
|
| Montana | Wilbur F. Sanders | Republican | 1890 | Legislature failed to elect.[16] Republican loss. |
|
| Nebraska | Algernon Paddock | Republican | 1875 1880 (lost) 1886 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected February 7, 1893, on the seventh ballot.[17] Populist gain. |
|
| Nevada | William M. Stewart | Republican | 1887 | Incumbent re-elected as a Silver Republican January 24, 1893.[17] Silver Republican gain. |
|
| New Jersey | Rufus Blodgett | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 24, 1893.[18] Democratic hold. |
|
| New York | Frank Hiscock | Republican | 1887 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 17, 1893. Democratic gain. |
|
| North Dakota | Lyman R. Casey | Republican | 1889 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 20, 1893, on the sixty-first ballot.[19][20] Democratic gain. |
|
| Ohio | John Sherman | Republican | 1861 (special) 1866 1872 1877 (resigned) 1881 1886 |
Incumbent re-elected January 12, 1892.[10] |
|
| Pennsylvania | Matthew Quay | Republican | 1887 | Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1893. |
|
| Rhode Island | Nelson W. Aldrich | Republican | 1881 (special) 1886 |
Incumbent re-elected June 14, 1892. |
|
| Tennessee | Washington C. Whitthorne | Democratic | 1887 | Incumbent retired or lost renomination. New senator elected January 17, 1893. Democratic hold. |
|
| Texas | Roger Q. Mills | Democratic | 1892 (special) | Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1893. |
|
| Vermont | Redfield Proctor | Republican | 1891 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected October 18, 1892. Winner was also elected to finish the current term; see above. |
|
| Virginia | John W. Daniel | Democratic | 1887 | Incumbent had already been re-elected early December 16, 1891. | |
| Washington | John B. Allen | Republican | 1889 | Legislature failed to elect after 101 ballots on March 9, 1893.[23] Republican loss. |
|
| West Virginia | Charles J. Faulkner | Democratic | 1887 | Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1893. |
|
| Wisconsin | Philetus Sawyer | Republican | 1887 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 27, 1893. Democratic gain. |
|
| Wyoming | Francis E. Warren | Republican | 1890 | Legislature failed to elect.[6] Republican loss. |
|
Elections during the 53rd Congress
editIn these elections, the winners were elected in 1893 after March 4, and seated in the 53rd Congress.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Florida (Class 1) |
Samuel Pasco | Democratic | 1887 1893 (failed to elect) 1893 (appointed) |
Interim appointee elected April 20, 1893. |
|
| Virginia (Class 2) |
Eppa Hunton | Democratic | 1892 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected December 19, 1893.[24][25] |
|
In this election, the winner was seated in the 54th Congress, starting March 4, 1895.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Virginia (Class 2) |
Eppa Hunton | Democratic | 1892 (appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected early December 19, 1893, for the term beginning in 1895.[25] Democratic hold. |
|
California
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Connecticut
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Delaware
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Florida
editFlorida (regular)
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Florida (special)
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Indiana
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Kansas (special)
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Kentucky (special)
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Maine
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Maryland
editMaryland (regular)
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022) |
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80 members of the Maryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
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Arthur Pue Gorman won re-election against Lloyd Lowndes Jr. by a margin of 86.05%, or 74 votes, for the Class 1 seat.[26]
Maryland (special)
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022) |
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80 members of the Maryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Charles Hopper Gibson was elected to fill the seat vacated by Ephraim King Wilson II by a margin of 69.03%, or 78 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[27]
Massachusetts
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Michigan
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Minnesota
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2020) |
Mississippi
editMississippi (regular, class 1)
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2020) |
Mississippi (regular, class 2)
editEarly election for the term beginning in 1895.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2020) |
Missouri
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Montana
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Nebraska
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Nevada
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New Jersey
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New York
editThe New York election was held on January 18, 1893, by the New York State Legislature.
Incumbent Senator Frank Hiscock was elected to this seat in 1887, with his term to expire on March 3, 1893.
At the controversial State election in November 1891, 17 Democrats, 14 Republicans and 1 Independent were elected for a two-year term (1892-1893) in the State Senate. This was the only time a Democratic majority was seated in the State Senate between 1874 and 1910. At the State election in November 1892, 74 Democrats and 54 Republicans were elected for the session of 1893 to the Assembly. The 116th New York State Legislature met from January 3 to April 20, 1893, at Albany, New York.
The Democratic caucus met on January 10. 90 State legislators attended, only Assemblyman John Cooney, of Brooklyn, was absent due to illness. State Senator Amasa J. Parker Jr. presided. Edward Murphy Jr., a wealthy brewer of Troy, and Chairman of the Democratic State Committee, was nominated by a large majority. The New York Times had suggested earlier to nominate Carl Schurz, a former Republican U.S. Senator from Missouri and U.S. Secretary of the Interior, who lived now in New York City,[28] but the political machines of upstate boss David B. Hill and Tammany Hall chose a loyal party machine man rather than an Ex-Republican advocate of civil service reform. Even President-elect Grover Cleveland had voiced his disapproval of Murphy, to no avail.[29]
| Candidate | First ballot |
|---|---|
 Edward Murphy Jr.
|
85 |
| W. Bourke Cockran | 5 |
The Republican caucus met on January 11. State Senator Thomas Hunter presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Frank Hiscock by acclamation.
Edward Murphy, Jr., was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected. State Senator James T. Edwards (32nd D.), of Randolph, voted for the defeated Republican vice presidential candidate of 1892, Whitelaw Reid.
| House | Democratic | Republican | Republican | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State Senate (32 members) |
Edward Murphy Jr.
|
17 | Frank Hiscock | 12 | Whitelaw Reid | 1 |
| State Assembly (128 members) |
Edward Murphy Jr.
|
73 | Frank Hiscock | 52 | ||
Note: The votes were cast on January 17, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 18 to compare nominations, and declare the result.
When Murphy took his seat, for the first time since 1849 New York was represented by two Democrats in the U.S. Senate. Murphy served a single term, remaining in the U.S. Senate until March 3, 1899. In January 1899, Murphy was defeated for re-election by Republican Chauncey M. Depew.
North Dakota
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Ohio
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Pennsylvania
editThe election in Pennsylvania was held January 17, 1893. Incumbent Matthew Quay was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly.[30]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Matthew Quay (Incumbent) | 165 | 64.96 | |
| Democratic | George Ross | 80 | 31.50 | |
| Republican | John Dalzell | 1 | 0.39 | |
| Democratic | William F. Harrity | 1 | 0.39 | |
| Democratic | William Mutchler | 1 | 0.39 | |
| N/A | Not voting | 6 | 2.36 | |
| Totals | 254 | 100.00% | ||
Rhode Island
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Tennessee
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Texas
editTexas (regular)
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2020) |
Texas (special)
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2020) |
Vermont
editVermont (regular)
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2020) |
Vermont (special)
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Virginia
editVirginia (regular, class 1)
editIncumbent Senator John W. Daniel (who had been first elected in 1887) was re-elected in 1893.
Virginia (special, class 2)
editDemocratic incumbent John S. Barbour Jr. died May 14, 1892. Democrat Eppa Hunton was appointed May 28, 1892, to continue until a special election.
Hunton was elected December 20, 1893, to finish the term (ending March 1895).
Washington
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West Virginia
editWest Virginia (regular)
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2020) |
West Virginia (special)
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Wisconsin
edit
Two-term Republican Philetus Sawyer retired and two-term Democratic congressman John L. Mitchell was elected to the next term. In the Wisconsin Legislature, Democrats had a majority, but it took 31 ballots for Democrats to pick Mitchell over fellow Democrats John H. Knight and Edward S. Bragg.[32]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | John L. Mitchell | 77 | 58.33 | ||
| Republican | John Coit Spooner | 46 | 34.85 | ||
| Democratic | Edward S. Bragg | 1 | 0.76 | ||
| N/A | No vote | 8 | 6.06 | ||
| Plurality | 31 | 23.48 | |||
| Total votes | 132 | 100.0 | |||
| Democratic gain from Republican | |||||
Wyoming
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See also
editNotes
edit- ^ as Democratic Caucus Chair
- ^ as Republican Conference Chair
- ^ a b Possibly Edward John Phelps
- ^ a b c d Full name unavailable
References
edit- ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
- ^ Byrd, p. 121.
- ^ Tribune Almanac for 1894, p. 68.
- ^ a b c d e f Tribune Almanac for 1893, p. 69.
- ^ Byrd, p. 175.
- ^ a b c d Tribune Almanac for 1894, p. 91.
- ^ a b Kleber, John E. (1992). The Kentucky Encyclopedia. University Press of Kentucky. p. 558. ISBN 0813128838.
- ^ Byrd, p. 110.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Tribune Almanac for 1894, p. 88.
- ^ a b c d e f g Tribune Almanac for 1893, p. 68.
- ^ a b "George and Walthall Elected". The New York Times. January 20, 1892.
- ^ a b Tribune Almanac for 1894, p. 87.
- ^ Tribune Almanac for 1894, pp. 87–88.
- ^ Michigan House of Representatives (1893). Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Michigan. p. 167.
- ^ [sic]: "Willl Stil Represent Missouri. Francis M. Cockrell Elected on the First Ballot". The New York Times. January 18, 1893. p. 5.
- ^ Tribune Almanac for 1894, pp. 88–89.
- ^ a b c d e Tribune Almanac for 1894, p. 89.
- ^ "THE RESULT IN NEW-JERSEY.; ELECTION OF JAMES SMITH, JR., THE DEMOCRATIC NOMINEE". The New York Times. January 25, 1893. p. 5.
- ^ a b Tribune Almanac for 1894, pp. 89–90.
- ^ "Eriksmoen: N.D. Democrat slipped into Senate". The Bismarck Tribune. May 10, 2008.
- ^ Tribune Almanac for 1893, pp. 68–69.
- ^ a b Tribune Almanac for 1894, p. 90.
- ^ a b Tribune Almanac for 1894, pp. 90–91.
- ^ Byrd, p. 180.
- ^ a b "Two Virginia Senators Elected". The New York Times. December 20, 1893.
- ^ "MD US Senate Race - Jan 19, 1892". Our Campaigns. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
- ^ "MD US Senate - Special Election Race - Jan 21, 1892". Our Campaigns. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
- ^ "Mr. Schurz for Senator.; His Election Would Be a Great Gain to the State and the Nation" (PDF). The New York Times. November 27, 1892.
- ^ "Murphy Not a Fit Man; Mr. Cleveland's Views Upon the New-York Senatorship" (PDF). The New York Times. December 28, 1892.
- ^ a b "U.S. Senate Election - 17 January 1893" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
- ^ "PA US Senate - 1893". OurCampaigns. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
- ^ "Senator Mitchell!". Portage Daily Democrat. January 27, 1893. p. 1. Retrieved September 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Casson, Henry, ed. (1895). "Biographical Sketches: Members of the Fifty-Fourth Congress". The Blue Book of the state of Wisconsin (Report). p. 657. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
Sources
edit- "Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present". via Senate.gov.
- Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy (ed.). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992. United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160632563.
- Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006". The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.
- Rhoades, Henry Eckford; McPherson, Edward; Schem, A. J.; Ottarson, F. J.; Cleveland, John F.; Greeley, Horace (1893). "Election of United States Senators, 1892". The Tribune Almanac for 1893. New York: The Tribune Association. pp. 68–69 – via Hathi Trust Digital Library.
- Rhoades, Henry Eckford; McPherson, Edward; Schem, A. J.; Ottarson, F. J.; Cleveland, John F.; Greeley, Horace (1894). "Election of United States Senators, 1893". The Tribune Almanac for 1894. New York: The Tribune Association. pp. 87–91 – via Hathi Trust Digital Library.
- "STATESMEN OUT OF FASHION.; BREWER MURPHY OF TROY NOMINATED FOR SENATOR" (PDF). The New York Times. January 11, 1893.
- "SENATOR HISCOCK'S "EMPTY HONOR"" (PDF). The New York Times. January 12, 1893.
- "EDWARD MURPHY ELECTED" (PDF). The New York Times. January 18, 1893.