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The Yemen Arab Republic (YAR; Arabic: الجمهورية العربية اليمنية al-Jumhūriyyah al-‘arabiyyah al-Yamaniyyah, French: République arabe du Yémen), commonly known as North Yemen or Yemen (Sanaʽa), was a country that existed from 1962 to 1990 in the northwestern part of what is now Yemen.[3] Its capital was at Sanaa. It united with the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (commonly known as South Yemen) on 22 May 1990 to form the current Republic of Yemen.
Yemen Arab Republic | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1962–1990 | |||||||||
| Anthem: "Peace to the Land" (1962–1978) إرادة أمة 'Iiradat 'Uma "A Nation's Will" (1978–1990) | |||||||||
 Location of North Yemen (red) | |||||||||
| Capital and largest city | Sanaa | ||||||||
| Official languages | Arabic | ||||||||
| Religion | Islam (official, predominantly Zaydi Shia and Shafi'i Sunni Islam) | ||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Yemeni | ||||||||
| Government | Unitary Nasserist Islamic republic under a military junta[1][2] | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1962–1967 (first) | Abdullah al-Sallal | ||||||||
• 1978–1990 (last) | Ali Abdullah Saleh | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||
• 1962–1963 (first) | Abdullah al-Sallal | ||||||||
• 1983–1990 (last) | Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani | ||||||||
| Legislature | Consultative Council | ||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | ||||||||
| 26 September 1962 | |||||||||
| 1 December 1970 | |||||||||
| 22 May 1990 | |||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
• Total | 136,000 km2 (53,000 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Currency | North Yemeni rial | ||||||||
| Time zone | UTC+3 | ||||||||
| Calling code | +967 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Yemen | ||||||||
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History
edit
Following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in 1918 after the First World War, northern Yemen became an independent state as the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen. On 26 September 1962, the republican revolutionaries in North Yemen inspired by the Arab nationalist ideology of the United Arab Republic (Egyptian) President Gamal Abdel Nasser deposed the monarchy and the newly crowned King Muhammad al-Badr, took control of Sanaʽa, and established the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR).[4] This coup d'état marked the beginning of the North Yemen Civil War that pitted republican troops, assisted by the United Arab Republic (Egypt), against Badr's royalist forces, supported by Saudi Arabia and Jordan. Conflict continued periodically until 1967, when Egyptian troops were withdrawn to join the conflict of the Six-Day War. By 1968, following a final royalist siege of Sanaa, most of the opposing leaders reached a reconciliation and the war ended in victory for the republican side. Saudi Arabia recognized the Republic in 1970.
Unlike East and West Germany, North and South Korea or North and South Vietnam, North Yemen and its southern neighbor, the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY), also known as South Yemen, remained relatively cordial, though relations were often strained. Following the First Yemenite War in 1972, the two nations declared that unification would eventually occur. However, these plans were put on hold due to the 1979 Second Yemenite War, and war was stopped only by an Arab League intervention. The goal of unity was reaffirmed by the northern and southern heads of state during a summit meeting in Kuwait in March 1979.
Unification
editIn May 1988, the North and South Yemeni governments came to an understanding that considerably reduced tensions. They agreed to renew discussions concerning unification, to establish a joint oil exploration area along their undefined border, to demilitarize the border, and to allow Yemenis unrestricted border passage on the basis of a national identification card.
Official Yemeni unification took place on 22 May 1990, with a planned, 30-month process, scheduled for completion in November 1992. The first stamp bearing the inscription "Yemen Republic" was issued in October 1990.[5] While government ministries proceeded to merge, both currencies remained valid until 11 June 1996. A civil war in 1994 delayed the completion of the final merger.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Constitution of the Yemen Arab Republic, 1970". al-bab.com. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
- ^ Bühler, Konrad G. (8 February 2001). State Succession and Membership in International Organizations. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 9041115536. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
- ^ The United States extended diplomatic recognition to the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) on 19 December 1962, The Times, 20 December 1962.
- ^ Badeeb, Saeed M (11 July 2019). The Saudi-egyptian Conflict Over North Yemen, 1962-1970 (0 ed.). Routledge. pp. 26–30. doi:10.4324/9780429314438. ISBN 978-1-000-23346-9.
- ^ Scott (2008) "Yemen", Scott 2009 Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue Volume 6 (165th edition) Scott Publishing Co., Sidney, Ohio, page 1081. ISBN 978-0-89487-422-2