Taikang County (Chinese: 太康县; pinyin: Tàikāng Xiàn), formerly known as Yangjia County or Yangxia County, is a county in the north of Zhoukou prefecture-level city, in the east of Henan province, China. It is divided into 23 townships and 766 villages. The county is home to 1.43 million Han Chinese and 25,000 Hui, with a population density of 581 people per kilometre squared.
Taikang
太康县 | |
|---|---|
  Taikang Location of the seat in Henan | |
| Coordinates: 34°03′50″N 114°50′13″E / 34.06389°N 114.83694°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Henan |
| Prefecture-level city | Zhoukou |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,761 km2 (680 sq mi) |
| Population (2019)[1] | |
• Total | 1,032,100 |
| • Density | 590/km2 (1,500/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 461499 |
| Area code | 0394 |
| Website | www |
History
editThe administrative area of Taikang was originally known as "Yangxia County".[2] As a major thoroughfare, the county has been historically important. It was the hometown of Wu Guang, one of the peasant leaders of the rebellion against the Qin dynasty. It was also the ancestral hometown of the Xie and Yuan surnames;[citation needed] it consequently was the birthplace of several famous Xie clan members such as Xie Daoyun, Xie Hui, Xie Lingyun, Xie Tiao, and others.[3] Following the start of the chaotic Sixteen Kingdoms period, Yangxia County initially remained part of the areas held by the Eastern Jin,[4] but was later conquered by the Former Qin. In course of the latter's decline, the county was occupied by the Northern Wei that held it until 446.[2] It was then captured by the Liu Song dynasty,[3] but reconquered by the Northern Wei in 488.[2] Toward the end of the Northern and Southern dynasties period, Yangxia County fell to the Sui dynasty, which changed its name to "Taikang County" in 587.[5] This name was derived from Xia dynasty king Tai Kang. The character "夏" is normally pronounced as xià but in Central Plains Mandarin is pronounced jiǎ.[citation needed]
In 884, the Tang army under Li Keyong defeated the rebel army of Shang Rang at Taikang.[6]
By time of the Ming dynasty, Taikang had grown rich as trade center and market town, and was widely nicknamed "Silver Taikang". Due to this wealth, however, the town was repeatedly sacked in times of political unrest. It was plundered by the Shun rebel army of Li Zicheng in 1644 during the fall of the Ming dynasty. In course of the Nian Rebellion, Taikang was plundered by insurgents four times, namely in 1852, 1856, 1861, and 1863. After the Xinhai Revolution's outbreak, the Yellow Sand Society and the Cha Tianhua bandit group raided the town in 1911. In the following years, Taikang's economic importance declined due to the construction of railways in the region, but it was still the target of rampaging bandits and soldiers in the Warlord Era and Nanjing decade, with raids occurring in October 1923, December 1924, November 1925, January as well as June 1926, March 1927, March 1928, winter 1930, and January 1932.[7]
Today, Taikang is a primarily agrarian county, with some light industry. The county is famous for its production of cotton.
Administrative divisions
editAs 2012, this county is divided to 11 towns and 12 townships.[8]
- Towns
- Townships
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|
Climate
edit| Climate data for Taikang (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.6 (65.5) |
25.3 (77.5) |
27.9 (82.2) |
32.5 (90.5) |
37.9 (100.2) |
40.2 (104.4) |
40.6 (105.1) |
38.8 (101.8) |
35.9 (96.6) |
34.5 (94.1) |
27.8 (82.0) |
20.8 (69.4) |
40.6 (105.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.9 (42.6) |
9.8 (49.6) |
15.3 (59.5) |
21.6 (70.9) |
27.0 (80.6) |
31.8 (89.2) |
32.3 (90.1) |
30.8 (87.4) |
27.2 (81.0) |
22.2 (72.0) |
14.5 (58.1) |
7.9 (46.2) |
20.5 (68.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.9 (33.6) |
4.3 (39.7) |
9.7 (49.5) |
15.8 (60.4) |
21.2 (70.2) |
25.9 (78.6) |
27.5 (81.5) |
26.1 (79.0) |
21.6 (70.9) |
16.1 (61.0) |
9.0 (48.2) |
2.9 (37.2) |
15.1 (59.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.8 (27.0) |
0.2 (32.4) |
5.0 (41.0) |
10.6 (51.1) |
16.1 (61.0) |
21.0 (69.8) |
23.8 (74.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
17.5 (63.5) |
11.6 (52.9) |
4.8 (40.6) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
10.8 (51.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −15.7 (3.7) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
3.6 (38.5) |
11.6 (52.9) |
16.4 (61.5) |
12.6 (54.7) |
6.4 (43.5) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−15.3 (4.5) |
−15.1 (4.8) |
−15.7 (3.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 15.0 (0.59) |
18.2 (0.72) |
32.3 (1.27) |
41.4 (1.63) |
66.6 (2.62) |
100.3 (3.95) |
211.8 (8.34) |
145.1 (5.71) |
79.4 (3.13) |
45.6 (1.80) |
35.8 (1.41) |
14.2 (0.56) |
805.7 (31.73) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 7.7 | 7.9 | 11.3 | 10.8 | 8.1 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 4.2 | 83.3 |
| Average snowy days | 3.8 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 | 2.3 | 11 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 67 | 64 | 63 | 67 | 69 | 67 | 80 | 83 | 79 | 71 | 71 | 68 | 71 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 114.8 | 123.7 | 163.3 | 188.6 | 200.6 | 182.0 | 173.4 | 164.1 | 150.2 | 144.8 | 127.5 | 119.4 | 1,852.4 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 36 | 40 | 44 | 48 | 46 | 42 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 41 | 39 | 42 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[9][10] | |||||||||||||
Notable people
edit- Xie Daoyun, renown Eastern Jin poet[4]
- Xie Fei (441–507), high-ranking official who served under the Liu Song dynasty, Southern Qi, and Liang dynasty[4]
- Xie Hongwei (392–433), high-ranking official under the Liu Song dynasty[4]
- Xie Hui, high-ranking official and regent under the Liu Song dynasty[4]
- Xie Lingyun, important Six Dynasties poet[4]
- Xie Shang (308–337), high-ranking official under the Eastern Jin dynasty[4]
- Xie Tiao, major Yongming poet[3]
- Xie Zhuang (421–466), high-ranking official under the Liu Song dynasty[11]
References
edit- ^ a b 最新人口信息 www.hongheiku.com (in Chinese). hongheiku. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
- ^ a b c Xiong (2017), p. 749.
- ^ a b c Xiong (2017), pp. 699, 700.
- ^ a b c d e f g Xiong (2017), p. 699.
- ^ Xiong (2017), pp. 587, 749.
- ^ Ouyang (2004), p. 32.
- ^ Billingsley (1988), p. 49.
- ^ 周口市-行政区划网 www.xzqh.org (in Chinese). XZQH. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ^ Xiong (2017), p. 700.
Bibliography
edit- Billingsley, Phil (1988). Bandits in Republican China. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
- Ouyang, Xiu (2004). Richard L. Davis (ed.). Historical Records of the Five Dynasties. New York City: Columbia University Press.
- Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2017). Historical Dictionary of Medieval China (2nd ed.). Lanham, Maryland; New York City; London: Rowman & Littlefield.