A winning streak, also known as a win streak or hot streak, is an uninterrupted sequence of success in games or competitions, commonly measured by at least three wins that are uninterrupted by losses or ties.[citation needed] In sports, it can be applied to teams, and individuals. In sports where teams or individuals represent groups such as countries or regions, those groups can also be said to have winning streaks if their representatives win consecutive games or competitions, even if the competitors are different.[citation needed] Streaks can also be applied to specific competitions: for example, a competitor who wins an event in three consecutive world championships has a winning streak at the world championships, even if they have lost other competitions during the period.[citation needed]
Distinction from unbeaten streak
editA winning streak is different from an unbeaten streak in sports where tied results are possible, and so a result is neither a win nor a loss, as in association football. Unbeaten streaks are still considered significant achievements and their length may be compared directly to winning streaks.[1][2]
It is possible to achieve both an unbeaten streak and a winless streak, with an all-ties record.
Causation
editPsychological momentum
editMost quantitative studies of winning and losing streaks, and the associated concept of psychological momentum, have failed to find any evidence that "streaks" actually exist, except as a matter of random chance.[3] A team with low ability is more likely to lose frequently, and a team with high ability is more likely to win, but once ability is controlled for, there is no evidence that a "winning" or "losing" streak affects the result of the match.[4] One study of European association football matches using a Monte Carlo methodology found that, once ability was accounted for, a team was actually slightly less likely to win or lose when it had experienced the same result in the previous match.[4] A study of streaks in Major League Baseball and National Basketball Association concluded that the actual results were similar enough to predictions with no momentum effect, that the effect was of limited importance.[5] Despite the apparent nonexistence of streaks in quantitative terms, many scholars in the field have pointed to the importance of understanding qualitative, psychological aspects of streaks.[3] Studies in sports management suggest that some managers are able to prolong winning streaks through managerial strategies.[6][7]
Team planning
editIn team sports, winning streaks may be achieved through planning a team based on Steiner's Taxonomy of Tasks. Teams may attempt to win through using star players (disjunctive), managing their weakest members (conjunctive), and/or aiming for squad depth (additive). Using one or a few star players, the team can suffer if the player has a bad game, or if they play a turn-taking sport such as baseball.[2]
Longest streaks
editThe longest (in terms of time) recorded winning streak in any professional sports is Spain's Antoni Bou, having won 34 consecutive FIM Trial World Championship (17 outdoor and 17 indoor) between 2007 and 2023 (as of January 2024, he is still active in the sport). Pakistan's Jahangir Khan's 555 consecutive wins in squash from 1981 to 1986 is also of significant note. In 2013, the Dutch wheelchair tennis player Esther Vergeer retired with an active 10-year-long winning streak of 470 matches, including a streak of 250 consecutive sets won.[8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Mercer, Elias Z. (2023-07-04). Soccer: Football History, Skills, Strategies, and Performance. Xspurts.com. ISBN 978-1-77684-803-4.
- ^ a b Reifman, Alan (2012). Hot Hand: The Statistics Behind Sports' Greatest Streaks. Potomac Books, Inc. ISBN 978-1-59797-718-0.
- ^ a b Crust, Lee; Nesti, Mark. "A Review of Psychological Momentum in Sports: Why qualitative research is needed". Athletic Insight. 8 (1). Archived from the original on 2014-12-25. Retrieved 2015-01-10.
- ^ a b Dobson, Stephen; Goddard, John (2003). "Persistence in sequences of football match results: A Monte Carlo analysis". European Journal of Operational Research. 148 (2): 247–256. doi:10.1016/S0377-2217(02)00681-1.
- ^ Vergin, Roger C. (2000-06-01). "Winning Streaks in Sports and the Misperception of Momentum. | Journal of Sport Behavior | EBSCOhost". openurl.ebsco.com. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
- ^ Fort, Rodney; Rosenman, Robert (1999). "Streak management". Sports Economics: Current Research. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 119. ISBN 9780275963309.
- ^ Cotterill, Stewart (2012). "Momentum in Sport". Team Psychology in Sports: Theory and Practice. Routledge. p. 117. ISBN 9780415670579.
- ^ Ben Rothenberg, Unbeaten Since 2003, Wheelchair Champ Retires, New York Times, February 12, 2013