William Malcolm Hailey, 1st Baron Hailey, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC (15 February 1872 – 1 June 1969)[1] known as Sir Malcolm Hailey between 1921 and 1936, was a British peer and administrator in British India.
Education
editHailey was educated at Merchant Taylors' School and Corpus Christi College, Oxford and entered the Indian Civil Service in 1896.[2]
Hailey College of Commerce is a constituent undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate college of the University of the Punjab in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Established on 4 March 1927, after the name of Sir Malcolm Hailey, the then Governor of the Punjab and the Chancellor of the university. It is the oldest specialized institution of commerce in Asia.
Career
editHailey was Governor of the Punjab from 1924 to 1928, a compromiser with the Akali leadership,[3] and Governor of the United Provinces 1928 to 1934.[2] He was early convinced of the strength of Indian nationalism, but remained ambivalent about it.[4]
He was appointed a CIE in 1911, a Companion of the Order of the Star of India in 1915, a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire 1921 and appointed a Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire in 1928 and a Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India in 1932. In 1936, while he was the Governor of United Provinces, India's oldest national park was created and was named Hailey National Park in his honour (later renamed Jim Corbett National Park). The same year, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Hailey, of Shahpur in the Punjab and Newport Pagnell in the County of Buckingham.[5] In 1937 he was elected President of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland.[6] In 1939, he was made a GCMG.[1]
He subsequently spent time on missions to Africa, producing the African Survey in the late 1930s that proved very influential.[7] He advised limited recognition of African national movements.[8] He was invited to a meeting by the Secretary of State for the Colonies, Malcolm MacDonald, in 1939 at which the setting up of the Colonial Social Science Research Council was discussed. In 1942, he was appointed to lead the British Colonial Research Committee.[9]
In 1949, he was made a member of the Privy Council.[1] His powers of speaking and intellectual synthesis were widely recognised.[10] He became a member of the Order of Merit in 1956.
Hailey also served as a Trustee of The Rhodes Trust from 1941 to 1964.
Personal life
edit
Malcolm Hailey married Andreina Alesandra Balzani in 1896.
Lord Hailey died at Putney on 1 June 1969 and his ashes were taken for burial in the family vault at Simla in India.[2] A memorial plaque to Hailey was unveiled in the west cloister of Westminster Abbey in 1971.[11] With his death, the barony became extinct, as his only son and heir, Alan Hailey (1900–1943) had been killed without issue in the Middle East during the Second World War.
Styles
edit- 1872–1911: Malcolm Hailey
- 1911–1915: Malcolm Hailey, CIE
- 1915–1921: Malcolm Hailey, CSI, CIE
- 1921–1928: Sir Malcolm Hailey, KCSI, CIE
- 1928–1932: Sir Malcolm Hailey, GCIE, KCSI
- 1932–1936: Sir Malcolm Hailey, GCSI, GCIE
- 1936–1939: The Right Honourable The Lord Hailey, GCSI, GCIE
- 1939–1948: The Right Honourable The Lord Hailey, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE
- 1948–1956: The Right Honourable The Lord Hailey, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC
- 1956–1969: The Right Honourable The Lord Hailey, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC
Notes
edit- ^ a b c "Hailey, 1st Baron, (William Malcolm Hailey) (15 Feb. 1872–1 June 1969)". WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u51591. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ^ a b c "Lord Hailey, O.M.". The Times. No. 57576. 3 June 1969.
- ^ "Jaito Da Morcha". Archived from the original on 10 October 2007. Retrieved 23 November 2007.
- ^ Thomas R. Metcalf, Ideologies of the Raj (1994), p. 227.
- ^ "No. 34307". The London Gazette. 21 July 1936. p. 4670.
- ^ "The Journal Of The Royal Asiatic Society 1937". Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ Robert D. Pearce, The Turning Point in Africa: British Colonial Policy, 1938-48 (1982), p. 43.
- ^ Barbara Bush, Imperialism, Race and Resistance: Africa and Britain, 1919-1945 (1999), p. 263.
- ^ Hargreaves, J. D. (1978). "Anglo-Saxon attitudes: A personal note about Sierra Leone Studies". Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer. 65 (241): 553–556. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
- ^ Robin W. Winks, Alaine M. Low, The Oxford History of the British Empire (1999), p. 31.
- ^ "William Malcolm Hailey". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
References
edit- Concise Dictionary of National Biography[full citation needed]
- John W. Cell (1992), Hailey: A Study in British Imperialism, 1872–1969[full citation needed]
- 1942 speech
- SIR WILLIAM MALCOLM HAILEY, site hosted by National Informatics Centre, UP State Unit, retrieved 19 September 2012
- Newspaper clippings about Malcolm Hailey, 1st Baron Hailey in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW