William Wallace Halleck Reid (April 15, 1891 – January 18, 1923)[1] was an American actor in silent film, referred to as "the screen's most perfect lover".[2] He also had a brief career as a racing driver.[3][4][5]
Wallace Reid | |
|---|---|
 Reid in 1920 | |
| Born | William Wallace Halleck Reid April 15, 1891 St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. |
| Died | January 18, 1923 (aged 31) Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Other names | Wally Reid |
| Occupations |
|
| Years active | 1910–1923 |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 2, including Wallace Reid Jr. |
| Father | Hal Reid |
Early life
editReid was born in St. Louis, Missouri, into a showbusiness family. His mother, Bertha Westbrook, was an actress, and his father, James Halleck "Hal" Reid, worked successfully in a variety of theatrical jobs, mainly as playwright and actor, traveling the country.[1] As a boy, Wallace Reid was performing on stage at an early age, but acting was put on hold while he obtained an education at Freehold Military School in Freehold Township, New Jersey. He later graduated from Perkiomen Seminary in Pennsburg, Pennsylvania in 1909. A gifted all-around athlete, Reid participated in a number of sports while also following an interest in music, learning to play the piano, banjo, drums, and violin. As a teenager, he spent time in Wyoming, where he learned to be an outdoorsman.[1]
Career
editReid was drawn to the burgeoning movie industry by his father, who shifted from the theater to writing films, directing them, and acting in them. In 1910, Reid appeared in his first film, The Phoenix, an adaptation of a Milton Nobles play, filmed at Selig Polyscope Studios in Chicago. Reid used the script from a play his father had written and approached the very successful Vitagraph Studios, hoping to be given the opportunity to direct. Instead, Vitagraph executives capitalized on his sex appeal, and in addition to having him direct, cast him in a major role. Although Reid's good looks and powerful physique made him the perfect ‘matinée idol’, he was equally happy with roles behind the scenes and often worked as a writer, cameraman, and director.[3]
Reid was arrested in Portland, Oregon in 1921 for violating prohibition law.[6]
Wallace Reid appeared in several films with his father, and as his career in film flourished, he was soon acting and directing with and for early film mogul Allan Dwan. In 1913, while at Universal Pictures, Reid met and married actress Dorothy Davenport. He was featured as Jeff, the blacksmith, in The Birth of a Nation (1915), and he had an uncredited role in Intolerance (1916),[8] both directed by D. W. Griffith; he worked with leading ladies such as Florence Turner, Gloria Swanson, Lillian Gish, Elsie Ferguson, and Geraldine Farrar, becoming one of Hollywood's major heartthrobs.[citation needed]
Already involved with the creation of more than 100 motion picture shorts, Reid was signed by producer Jesse L. Lasky and starred in over 60 films for Lasky's Famous Players film company, which later became Paramount Pictures. Frequently paired with actress Ann Little, his action-hero role as the dashing race-car driver drew fans to theaters to see his daredevil auto thrillers such as The Roaring Road (1919), Double Speed (1920), Excuse My Dust (1920), and Too Much Speed (1921). Across the Continent (1922), one of his auto-racing films, was chosen as the opening night film for San Francisco's Castro Theatre, which opened on 22 June 1922.[citation needed]
Reid loved racing so much that he even entered a vehicle into the 1922 Indianapolis 500; he eventually withdrew before qualifying.[4][5]
Death
editWhile en route to a location in California during filming of The Valley of the Giants (1919), Reid was injured in a train wreck near Arcata, California, and he needed six stitches to close a 3-inch (8 cm) scalp wound.[9][10] To continue filming, he was prescribed morphine for relief of his pain, and Reid soon became addicted.[11] He continued working at a frantic pace in films that were growing more physically demanding, and changing from 15–20 minutes in duration to as much as an hour.[12] Reid's morphine addiction worsened at a time when rehabilitation programs were non-existent.[13][10][12]
On January 18, 1923, he died from influenza in a sanatorium, aged 31, while attempting to recover from his addiction.[14][15][16]
Wallace Reid was interred in the Azalea Terrace of the Great Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.[17]
Aftermath
editHis widow, Dorothy Davenport (billed as Mrs. Wallace Reid), co-produced and appeared in Human Wreckage (1923), making a national tour with the film to publicize the dangers of drug addiction. She and Reid had two children: a son, Wallace Reid Jr., born in 1917; and a daughter, Betty Mummert, whom they adopted in 1922 as a three-year-old.[18]
Wallace Reid's contribution to the movie industry has been recognized with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[19]
Popular culture
editIn the biopic Valentino (1977), Reid is portrayed as a bicycle-riding, childish movie star. In the 1980 documentary Hollywood episode "Single Beds and Double Standards", Reid's story is recalled by people who worked with him: Karl Brown, Henry Hathaway, Gloria Swanson,and stuntman Bob Rose.
A biography appeared in 2007,[20] the first work on Reid's life since his mother's personal recollections were published shortly after the actor's death.
A episode of Hollywood Babylon that gave a biographic sketch of Reid was criticized in a 2018 podcast by Karina Longworth.[21]
Filmography
editFootnotes
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Fleming (2007), pp. 3–21, Chapter 1. Family and youth
- ^ "Girls I have made love to". Motion Picture Magazine. The Motion Picture Publishing Co. September 1919. p. 33.
- ^ a b Menefee, David W. (2011). Ohmart, Ben (ed.). Wally: The true Wallace Reid story. Albany GA: BearManor Media. ISBN 978-1-59393-623-5.
- ^ a b "Wallace Reid". drivers. oldracingcars.com.
- ^ a b "Wallace Reid". drivers. champcarstats.com. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- ^
Chandler, J.D.; Kennedy, Theresa Griffin (2016). "Introduction: The liquor question". Murder & Scandal in Prohibition Portland: Sex, vice & misdeeds in mayor Baker's reign. Charleston, SC. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-4671-1953-5. LCCN 2015956821 – via Google Books.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Favorite picture players". Picture-Play Magazine. Vol. IX, no. 4. December 1918. p. 172. LCCN 2005210253. Retrieved January 31, 2022 – via Internet Archive (archive.org).
- ^ "Cast". Intolerance (1916). TV Guide. Film review. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
- ^ "Reid company in wreck". The Moving Picture World. Vol. 39, no. 11. March 15, 1919. p. 1474. Retrieved January 31, 2022 – via Internet Archive (archive.org).
- ^ a b Fleming (2007), p. 134-151, Chapter 10. Accident and addiction.
- ^ Spunt, Barry (2017). "Chapter 2. Mainstream Actors". Heroin, Acting, and Comedy in New York City. New York, NY: Springer Nature. p. 69. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-59972-8. ISBN 978-1-137-59971-1. LCCN 2017948081 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b "Chapter 23. Human wreckage: Wally Reid". Assassin of Youth: A kaleidoscopic history of Harry J. Anslinger's war on drugs. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. September 30, 2016. pp. 124–134. doi:10.7208/9780226277028-023 (inactive November 1, 2024). ISBN 978-0-226-27697-7. LCCN 2016011027 – via Google Books.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - ^ Gerald, Michael C. (2006). "Drugs and alcohol go to Hollywood". Pharmacy in History. 48 (3): 116–138. ISSN 0031-7047. JSTOR 41112318.
- ^ Fleming (2007), pp. 210–225, Chapter 14. The curtain falls on a tragedy.
- ^ Foster, Gwendolyn Audrey (2000). "Chapter 9. Early women filmmakers as social arbiters: "The gaze of correction"". Troping the Body: Gender, etiquette, and performance. Women's Studies / Cultural Studies. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-8093-2286-2 – via Google Books.
- ^ Anderson, Mary Lynn (April 18, 2011). "Chapter 1. The early Hollywood scandals and the death of Wallace Reid". Twilight of the Idols. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. pp. 15–48. doi:10.1525/9780520949423-004. ISBN 978-0-520-94942-3. S2CID 242854678 – via Google Books.
- ^ Fleming (2007), p. 223, Chapter 14. The Curtain Falls on a Tragedy.
- ^ Mercedes (2000). "Wallace Reid". artfuljesus.0catch.com/artists. Archived from the original on February 11, 2010. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
- ^ Bode, Lisa (2016). "Chapter 12. The afterlives of Rudolph Valentino and Wallace Reid in the 1920s and 1930s". In Bolton, Lucy; Wright, Julie Lobazo (eds.). Lasting Screen Stars: Images that fade and personas that endure. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 159–172. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-40733-7_12. ISBN 978-1-137-40732-0. LCCN 2016936089 – via Google Books.
- ^ Fleming (2007).
- ^ Longworth, K. (August 6, 2018). Schoenholtz, Lindsey D. (ed.). "Wallace Reid (Fake news: Fact checking Hollywood Babylon episode 6)". You Must Remember This (Podcast).
Bibliography
edit- Menefee, D.W. (2007). The First Male Stars: Men of the Silent Era. Albany GA: Bear Manor Media.
- Wallace Reid. Col. Selig’s Stories of Movie Life. Chicago, IL: Screenland Publishing Company. April 1923.
- DeMille, C.B. (1959). The Autobiography of Cecil B. DeMille. Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
- Lasky, J.L. (1957). I Blow My Own Horn. New York, NY: Doubleday & Company.
- Smith, Albert E. (1952). Two Reels and a Crank. New York, NY: Doubleday & Company.
- Stern, Seymour (1965). Griffith: The Birth of a Nation part 1. New York, NY: Film Culture.
- Swanson, G. (1980). Swanson on Swanson. New York, NY: Random House.
- "Wallace Reid dies in fight on drugs". The New York Times (obituary). January 19, 1923.
- Cheatham, Maude S. (October 1920). "Wally, the genial". Motion Picture Magazine.
- Fleming, E.J. (2007). Wallace Reid: The life and death of a Hollywood idol. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-7725-8 – via Google Books.
External links
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