Viola rafinesquei (syn. Viola bicolor), commonly known as the American field pansy or wild pansy, is an annual plant in the violet family found throughout much of North America.[2] There has been some debate as to whether the plant is native there or if it was introduced from the Old World as a variety of Viola kitaibeliana, but it is now generally thought to be native to the North America.[3] It is common in disturbed habitats but is also found in fields and open woods on substrates ranging from sandy soil to clay to limestone.[4][5][6]
| Viola rafinesquei | |
|---|---|
| |
| A light morph flower growing in a sandy field along the mouth of the James River in southeastern Virginia | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Violaceae |
| Genus: | Viola |
| Species: | V. rafinesqueii
|
| Binomial name | |
| Viola rafinesqueii | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
References
edit- ^ "Viola bicolor". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
- ^ a b "Viola rafinesquei Greene". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ Flora of North America
- ^ Clausen, Jen; Channell, R.B.; Nur, Uzi (1964), "Viola rafinesquii, the only Melanium violet native to North America", Rhodora, 66 (17)
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ McKinney, Landon E.; Russel, Norman H. (2002), "Violaceae of the Southeastern United States", Castanea, 67 (4): 369–379, JSTOR 4034132
- ^ Hayden, W. John; Clough, John (1990), "Methyl Salicylate Secretory Cells in Roots of Viola arvensis and V. rafinesquii (Violaceae)", Castanea, 55 (1): 65–70, JSTOR 4033351
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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