Diplazium esculentum, the vegetable fern, is an edible fern found throughout Asia and Oceania. It is probably one of the most commonly consumed ferns.[1]
| Diplazium esculentum | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| Suborder: | Aspleniineae |
| Family: | Athyriaceae |
| Genus: | Diplazium |
| Species: | D. esculentum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Diplazium esculentum | |
| Synonyms | |
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Athyrium esculentum | |
The genus Diplazium is in the family Athyriaceae, in the eupolypods II clade[2] of the order Polypodiales,[3] in the class Polypodiopsida.[4]
Description
editThis plant is a large perennial fern with an ascending rhizome of about 50 cm high and covered with short rufous scales of about 1 mm long. The plant is bipinnate with long brownish petioles, and the petiole base is black and covered with short scales. The frond can reach 1.5 m in length, and the pinnae is about 8 cm long and 2 cm wide.[5]
Uses
editThe young fronds are stir-fried and used in salads.[6][7]
They may have mild amounts of fern toxins but no major toxic effects are recorded.[8]
It is known as pakô ("wing") in the Philippines,[6] pucuk paku and paku tanjung in Malaysia, sayur paku or pakis in Indonesia, phak koot (Thai: ผักกูด) in Thailand, rau dớn in Vietnam, dhekia (Assamese: ঢেকীয়া) in Assam, Dhenki Shaak (Bengali: ঢেঁকি শাক) in Bengali, paloi saag (Sylheti: পালই শাগ) in Sylheti, ningro in Nepali, dingkia in Boro and linguda in northern India, referring to the curled fronds.
It is known as pohole or hō'i'o in Hawaiian cuisine. The ferns grow in wet areas of shady valleys.[9][10] The fern species Diplazium esculentum is believed to have been introduced and naturalized in Hawaii and was first reported collected in 1910.[10] The fern also has medicinal uses.[11]
Pharmacological effects
editThe extract also had alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity.[12]
Gallery
edit-
Yam phak khut, a Thai salad of fern leaves and pork -
Ensaladang pako (fern salad) with salted egg from the Philippines -
Habitat
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Anonymous. "Vegetable fern" (PDF). Use and production of D. esculentum. AVRDC (The World Vegetable Center). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
- ^ Carl J. Rothfels; Anders Larsson; Li-Yaung Kuo; Petra Korall; Wen- Liang Chiou; Kathleen M. Pryer (2012). "Overcoming Deep Roots, Fast Rates, and Short Internodes to Resolve the Ancient Rapid Radiation of Eupolypod II Ferns". Systematic Biology. 61 (1): 490–509. doi:10.1093/sysbio/sys001. PMID 22223449.
- ^ Maarten J. M. Christenhusz; Xian-Chun Zhang; Harald Schneider (2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 7–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2.
- ^ Alan R. Smith; Kathleen M. Pryer; Eric Schuettpelz; Petra Korall; Harald Schneider; Paul G. Wolf (2006). "A classification for extant ferns" (PDF). Taxon. 55 (3): 705–731. doi:10.2307/25065646. JSTOR 25065646. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-26.
- ^ Tanaka, Yoshitaka; Van Ke, Nguyen (2007). Edible Wild Plants of Vietnam: The Bountiful Garden. Thailand: Orchid Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-9745240896.
- ^ a b Copeland EB (1942). "Edible Ferns". American Fern Journal. 32 (4): 121–126. doi:10.2307/1545216. JSTOR 1545216.
- ^ Ethnobotanical Leaflets
- ^ Gangwar Neeraj Kumar (2004). "Studies on pathological effects of linguda (Diplazium esculentum, Retz.) in laboratory rats and guinea pigs". Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology. 28 (2).
- ^ N_ Kua'_ina: Living Hawaiian Culture by Davianna McGrego pages 110, 133
- ^ a b [1] Hawai_i's Ferns and Fern Allies by Daniel Dooley Palmer page 125
- ^ CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology (5 Volume Set) by Umberto Quattrocchi CRC Press, May 3, 2012 – Science – 3960 pages page 1439
- ^ Chai TT, Yeoh LY, Mohd Ismail NI, Ong HC, Abd Manan F, Wong FC (2015) Evaluation of glucosidase inhibitory and cytotoxic potential of five selected edible and medicinal ferns Archived 2016-10-18 at the Wayback Machine. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 14 (3): 449-454.