Vancouver Kingsway

Vancouver Kingsway
British Columbia electoral district
	Vancouver Kingsway in relation to other electoral districts in Vancouver
Federal electoral district
Legislature	House of Commons
MP	Don Davies; New Democratic
;
District created	1996
First contested	1997
Last contested	2021
District webpage	profile, map
Demographics
Population (2021)	108,054
Electors (2015)	69,812
Area (km²)	15.3
Pop. density (per km²)	7,062.4
Census division(s)	Metro Vancouver
Census subdivision(s)	Vancouver

Vancouver Kingsway is a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1953 to 1988 and since 1997. It is located in Vancouver.

Demographics

This riding's population is over 54 percent immigrants. The three largest pan-ethnic groups include East Asians (35.5 percent), Europeans (27.6 percent) and Southeast Asians (19.4 percent). The service sector, retail trade and manufacturing are the major sources of employment in Vancouver Kingsway. The average family income is over $72,000. Unemployment is around 6.5 percent.^[2]

9.9 percent of the population is Buddhist, the highest in Canada.^[3] More generally, Vancouver Kingsway has the highest proportion of non-Christians, 62.8 percent in particular, of which: no religious affiliation: 43.5 percent, Buddhist: 9.9 percent, Sikh: 3.2 percent etc.^[4]^[5]

Panethnic groups in Vancouver Kingsway (2011−2021)
Panethnic group	2021^[6]		2016^[7]		2011^[8]
Panethnic group	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
East Asian^[a]	38,035	35.53%	39,675	38.24%	40,580	39.98%
European^[b]	29,530	27.58%	29,545	28.47%	27,845	27.43%
Southeast Asian^[c]	20,770	19.4%	19,545	18.84%	19,420	19.13%
South Asian	7,810	7.29%	7,085	6.83%	6,955	6.85%
Latin American	2,885	2.69%	1,525	1.47%	1,370	1.35%
Indigenous	1,855	1.73%	1,890	1.82%	1,460	1.44%
African	1,405	1.31%	915	0.88%	855	0.84%
Middle Eastern^[d]	1,065	0.99%	625	0.6%	510	0.5%
Other^[e]	3,705	3.46%	2,965	2.86%	2,505	2.47%
Total responses	107,065	99.08%	103,760	98.94%	101,495	99.5%
Total population	108,054	100%	104,870	100%	102,003	100%
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses. Demographics based on the 2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution riding boundaries.

History

The name "Vancouver Kingsway" has been used twice to describe federal ridings. It was first created in 1952, carved out of Vancouver South riding. In 1987, the riding was divided between Burnaby—Kingsway, Vancouver East, Vancouver Quadra and Vancouver South ridings. In 1996, a new Vancouver Kingsway was created out of these same four ridings.

This riding has been held by the NDP and its precursor CCF for most of its history. The NDP (along with the CCF) has won 15 of the 21 elections held since the riding was formed in 1953, the Liberals have won five, and the Conservatives, one. The two candidates who topped the poll in the 2008 election ran again in 2011. The incumbent member of Parliament, Vancouver lawyer Don Davies, represented the NDP,^[9] and Vancouver businesswoman Wendy Yuan represented the Liberal Party again.^[10] Davies won by approximately 3,000 votes in 2008. In 2011, Davies quintupled that margin, topping the Liberal candidate by over 15,000 votes, the Conservative candidate by over 10,000 votes, and winning over 50 percent of the votes cast.

The 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution concluded that the electoral boundaries of Vancouver Kingsway should be adjusted, and a modified electoral district of the same name was created.^[11] The redefined Vancouver Kingsway lost its territory west of Main Street to the new district of Vancouver Granville, as well as a small area in its extreme southeast to Vancouver South. These new boundaries were legally defined in the 2013 representation order, which came into effect upon the call of the 2015 election.^[12]

Historical boundaries

1952 representation order
1966 representation order
1976 representation order
1987 representation order (as Burnaby—Kingsway)
1996 representation order
2003 representation order
2013 representation order
2023 representation order

David Emerson controversy

David Emerson was first elected in 2004, for the Liberal Party of Canada, and served in the Cabinet led by Prime Minister Paul Martin as the Minister of Industry.

Emerson was re-elected as a Liberal in the 2006 election, but crossed the floor two weeks later on February 6, 2006, to become the new Minister of International Trade in Stephen Harper's Conservative government.

Emerson's floor-crossing was highly controversial. Then Prime Minister-designate Stephen Harper dispatched campaign co-chair John Douglas Reynolds, on the day after the election, to offer Emerson a cabinet post in a Conservative government. Emerson's acceptance of that offer made Canadian history, marking the first time a member of parliament, let alone a cabinet minister, had crossed the floor before a new government was even sworn in.

As a result of the controversy, a number of groups formed to fight for Emerson's resignation. Some groups also seek legislation that would prevent floor crossing altogether or restrict a member of parliament if they abandon their party's caucus. Groups that fought against Emerson's defection included the Recall David Emerson campaign, which was aligned with the New Democratic Party, and the De-Elect Emerson campaign, which began under Liberal alignment but which eventually outgrew the influence of that party and became entirely citizen-powered.

Emerson chose not to seek re-election in 2008.

Members of Parliament

This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Parliament	Years		Party
Vancouver Kingsway Riding created from Vancouver South
22nd	1953–1957	Angus MacInnis	Co-operative Commonwealth
23rd	1957–1958	Alexander Macdonald	Co-operative Commonwealth
24th	1958–1962	John Ferguson Browne	Progressive Conservative
25th	1962–1963	Arnold Webster	New Democratic
26th	1963–1965	Arnold Webster
27th	1965–1968	Grace MacInnis
28th	1968–1972
29th	1972–1974
30th	1974–1979	Simma Holt	Liberal
31st	1979–1980	Ian Waddell	New Democratic
32nd	1980–1984
33rd	1984–1988
Riding dissolved into Burnaby—Kingsway, Vancouver East, Vancouver Quadra and Vancouver South
Riding re-created from Burnaby—Kingsway, Vancouver East, Vancouver Quadra and Vancouver South
36th	1997–2000	Sophia Leung	Liberal
37th	2000–2004	Sophia Leung
38th	2004–2006	David Emerson
39th	2006–2006
39th	2006–2008		Conservative
40th	2008–2011	Don Davies	New Democratic
41st	2011–2015
42nd	2015–2019
43rd	2019–2021
44th	2021–present

Election results

1997–present

Graph of election results in Vancouver Kingsway (since 1997, minor parties that never received 2% or more of the vote or that did not run candidates consistently are omitted)

v t e 2021 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	New Democratic	Don Davies	20,994	52.28	+3.19	$101,431.44
	Liberal	Virginia Bremner	11,022	27.45	+4.37	$47,586.74
	Conservative	Carson Binda	5,456	13.59	−6.35	$7,752.14
	Green	Farrukh Chishtie	1,575	3.92	−2.14	$295.30
	People's	Jeremy MacKenzie	868	2.16	+1.19	$2,013.80
	Communist	Kimball Cariou	175	0.44	−0.22	$0.00
	Marxist–Leninist	Donna Petersen	68	0.17	−0.04	$0.00
Total valid votes/expense limit			40,158	99.20	–	$108,601.94
Total rejected ballots			324	0.80
Turnout			40,482	54.07	−4.6
Eligible voters			74,873
Source: Elections Canada^[13]

2021 federal election redistributed results^[14]
Party		Vote	%
	New Democratic	21,868	50.40
	Liberal	12,591	29.02
	Conservative	6,136	14.14
	Green	1,575	3.63
	People's	956	2.20
	Others	261	0.60

v t e 2019 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	New Democratic	Don Davies	21,680	49.09	+3.35	$96,884.11
	Liberal	Tamara Taggart	10,194	23.08	−4.73	$96,618.31
	Conservative	Helen Quan	8,804	19.94	−1.08	none listed
	Green	Lawrence Taylor	2,675	6.06	+2.81	none listed
	People's	Ian Torn	427	0.97	–	$3,869.88
	Communist	Kimball Cariou	292	0.66	−0.32	none listed
	Marxist–Leninist	Donna Peterson	91	0.21	+0.03	$0.00
Total valid votes/expense limit			44,163	99.00
Total rejected ballots			446	1.00	−0.03
Turnout			44,609	58.67	−4.65
Eligible voters			76,039
	New Democratic hold		Swing		+4.04
Source: Elections Canada^[15]^[16]

2015 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	New Democratic	Don Davies	20,763	45.74	−5.53	$113,476.84
	Liberal	Steven Kou	12,625	27.81	+11.64	$93,120.16
	Conservative	Jojo Quimpo	9,538	21.01	−7.09	–
	Green	Catherine Moore	1,476	3.25	−0.28	$1,663.13
	Libertarian	Matt Kadioglu	468	1.03	+0.44	–
	Communist	Kimball Cariou	445	0.98	+0.53	–
	Marxist–Leninist	Donna Peterson	81	0.18	+0.01	–
Total valid votes/Expense limit			45,396	98.97		$204,392.06
Total rejected ballots			471	1.03	–
Turnout			45,867	63.32
Eligible voters			72,438
	New Democratic hold		Swing		−8.58
Source: Elections Canada^[17]^[18]

2011 federal election redistributed results^[19]
Party		Vote	%
	New Democratic	18,752	51.27
	Conservative	10,177	27.82
	Liberal	5,916	16.17
	Green	1,292	3.53
	Others	441	1.21

2011 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	New Democratic	Don Davies	23,452	50.08	+14.88
	Conservative	Trang Nguyen	13,157	28.1	+0.67
	Liberal	Wendy Yuan	7,796	16.65	−12.37
	Green	Louise Boutin	1,860	3.97	−2.72
	Libertarian	Matt Kadioglu	275	0.59	−0.09
	Communist	Kimball Cariou	210	0.45	−0.19
	Marxist–Leninist	Donna Peterson	78	0.17	−0.16
Total valid votes			46,828	100.0
Total rejected ballots			315	0.67	−0.05
Turnout			47,143	58.10	+2
	New Democratic hold		Swing		+7.10

2008 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	New Democratic	Don Davies	15,933	35.20	+1.70	$81,501
	Liberal	Wendy Yuan	13,164	29.02	−14.43	$79,758
	Conservative	Salomon Rayek	12,419	27.43	+8.64	$70,829
	Green	Doug Warkentin	3,031	6.69	+3.86	$3,478
	Libertarian	Matt Kadioglu	309	0.68	+0.09
	Communist	Kimball Cariou	291	0.64	+0.29	$391
	Marxist–Leninist	Donna Peterson	149	0.33	+0.19
Total valid votes/Expense limit			45,296	100.0		$84,758
Total rejected ballots			328	0.72	+0.13
Turnout			45,624	56	−3
	New Democratic gain from Liberal		Swing		+8.06

2006 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	David Emerson	20,062	43.45	+3.01	$74,641
	New Democratic	Ian Waddell	15,470	33.50	−3.77	$77,756
	Conservative	Kanman Wong	8,679	18.79	+2.31	$77,756
	Green	Arno Schortinghuis	1,307	2.83	−0.73	$803
	Libertarian	Matt Kadioglu	277	0.59	–
	Communist	Kimball Cariou	162	0.35	−0.05	$297
	Canadian Action	Connie Fogal	143	0.30	−0.03	$2,987
	Marxist–Leninist	Donna Peterson	68	0.14	−0.08
Total valid votes			46,285	100.0
Total rejected ballots			274	0.59	−0.43
Turnout			46,442	59.2	+1.2
	Liberal hold		Swing		+3.39

2004 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	David Emerson	17,267	40.44	−2.82	$63,734
	New Democratic	Ian Waddell	15,916	37.27	+21.36	$55,150
	Conservative	Jesse Johl	7,037	16.48	−17.69	$72,888
	Green	Tracey Jastinder Mann	1,521	3.56	+0.87
	Independent	Jeannie Kwan	548	1.28	–	$7,229
	Communist	Jason Mann	172	0.40	−0.04	$389
	Canadian Action	Jacob Rempel	142	0.33	−2.87	$373
	Marxist–Leninist	Donna Peterson	94	0.22	−0.11	$150
Total valid votes			42,697	100.0
Total rejected ballots			395	0.92	+0.08
Turnout			43,092	58.01	+2.03
	Liberal hold		Swing		−12.09
Change is based on redistributed results from 2000. Conservative change is from the total of the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative votes.

2000 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Sophia Leung	16,118	43.07	+2.63	$56,204
	Alliance	Alice Wong	11,076	29.59	+11.23	$39,286
	New Democratic	Victor Wong	5,921	15.82	−14.72	$7,654
	Progressive Conservative	Kanman Wong	1,803	4.81	+0.85	$11,072
	Canadian Action	Connie Fogal	1,200	3.20	–	$54,962
	Green	Phillip Petrik	1,009	2.69	+0.37	$134
	Communist	Elwyn Patterson	168	0.44	–	$189
	Marxist–Leninist	Donna Peterson	126	0.33	−0.13	$22
Total valid votes			37,421	100.0
Total rejected ballots			316	0.84	−0.37
Turnout			37,737	55.98	−7.39
	Liberal hold		Swing		−4.30
Change for the Canadian Alliance is based on the Reform Party.

1997 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Sophia Leung	14,182	40.62	$48,495
	New Democratic	Victor Wong	10,662	30.54	$52,412
	Reform	Raymond Leung	6,412	18.36	$15,532
	Progressive Conservative	Kan Wong	1,385	3.96	$4,577
	Independent	Gim Huey	894	2.56	$23,368
	Green	Irene Louise Schmidt	811	2.32
	Natural Law	Steven Beck	210	0.60
	Marxist–Leninist	Donna Peterson	161	0.46	$699
	Independent	Roger Annis	116	0.33
	Independent	David Tsai	78	0.22	$2,450
Total valid votes			34,911	100.0
Total rejected ballots			426	1.21
Turnout			35,337	63.37
This riding was re-created from parts of Burnaby—Kingsway, Vancouver East, Vancouver Quadra and Vancouver South, which elected three Liberals and one New Democrat (Burnaby—Kingsway) in the previous election.

1953–1988

Graph of election results in Vancouver Kingsway (1953-1984, minor parties that never got 2% of the vote or didn't run consistently are omitted)

1984 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	New Democratic	Ian Waddell	20,179	51.10	+4.25
	Liberal	Nancy Morrison	11,640	29.48	−0.84
	Progressive Conservative	Collin Wong	7,152	18.11	−3.82
	Green	Ted Mousseau	305	0.77	–
	Communist	Bert Ogden	214	0.54	+0.13
Total valid votes			39,490	100.0
	New Democratic hold		Swing		+2.54

1980 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	New Democratic	Ian Waddell	16,928	46.85	+2.09
	Liberal	Simma Holt	10,954	30.32	−2.01
	Progressive Conservative	Drew Taylor	7,924	21.93	−0.27
	Communist	Bert Ogden	149	0.41	±0
	Independent	Norm Baker	113	0.31	–
	Marxist–Leninist	Leanne Corcoran	63	0.17	−0.12
Total valid votes			36,131	100.0
	New Democratic hold		Swing		+2.05

1979 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	New Democratic	Ian Waddell	15,928	44.76	+11.71
	Liberal	Simma Holt	11,503	32.33	−5.05
	Progressive Conservative	Cal Davis	7,900	22.20	−6.31
	Communist	Jack Phillips	147	0.41	−0.29
	Marxist–Leninist	Tarlochan S. Bains	106	0.30	−0.06
Total valid votes			35,584	100.0
	New Democratic gain from Liberal		Swing		+8.38

1974 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Simma Holt	12,002	37.38	+18.60
	New Democratic	Dennis F. Mulroney	10,614	33.06	−23.76
	Progressive Conservative	John Taylor	9,155	28.51	+7.33
	Communist	Fred Wilson	225	0.70	–
	Marxist–Leninist	Thomas J. Boylan	114	0.36	–
Total valid votes			32,110	100.0
	Liberal gain from New Democratic		Swing		+21.18

v t e 1972 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	New Democratic	Grace MacInnis	18,108	56.81	+7.26
	Progressive Conservative	John A. Cherrington	6,752	21.18	+10.75
	Liberal	Ed Bodnarchuk	5,986	18.78	−15.64
	Social Credit	Faren Garner	750	2.35	−3.24
	Independent	William John Turner	211	0.66	–
	Independent	Claire Alston	66	0.21	–
Total valid votes			31,873	100.0
	New Democratic hold		Swing		−1.74

v t e 1968 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	New Democratic	Grace MacInnis	15,599	49.55	+0.48
	Liberal	Edward Bodnarchuk	10,835	34.42	+5.85
	Progressive Conservative	Claude Britton	3,285	10.44	+2.43
	Social Credit	Lorena T. Green	1,760	5.59	−8.75
Total valid votes			31,479	100.0
	New Democratic hold		Swing		−2.68

v t e 1965 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	New Democratic	Grace MacInnis	13,730	49.08	+1.84
	Liberal	Jack Austin	7,994	28.57	+1.00
	Social Credit	Arthur Holmes	4,012	14.34	+3.70
	Progressive Conservative	Garfield Milner	2,240	8.01	−6.54
Total valid votes			27,976	100.0
	New Democratic hold		Swing		+0.42

1963 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	New Democratic	Arnold Alexander Webster	13,966	47.24	−0.87
	Liberal	Douglas A. Walker	8,154	27.58	+5.45
	Progressive Conservative	Gerald E. Klein	4,301	14.55	−4.65
	Social Credit	Arthur Holmes	3,145	10.64	+0.07
Total valid votes			29,566	100.0
	New Democratic hold		Swing		−3.16

1962 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	New Democratic	Arnold Alexander Webster	13,837	48.10	+6.12
	Liberal	Douglas A. Walker	6,366	22.13	+12.71
	Progressive Conservative	John Ferguson Browne	5,523	19.20	−23.51
	Social Credit	Arthur Holmes	3,039	10.56	+4.68
Total valid votes			28,765	100.0
	New Democratic gain from Progressive Conservative		Swing		−3.30
Change for the New Democrats is based on the Co-operative Commonwealth.

1958 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	John Ferguson Browne	11,928	42.71	+17.04
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Alex B. Macdonald	11,724	41.98	+7.66
	Liberal	Everet King	2,631	9.42	−6.79
	Social Credit	Gus Froese	1,642	5.88	−17.90
Total valid votes			27,925	100.0
	Progressive Conservative gain from Co-operative Commonwealth		Swing		+4.69

1957 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Alex Macdonald	9,040	34.33	−11.85
	Progressive Conservative	John Ferguson Browne	6,762	25.68	+17.95
	Social Credit	Thomas Williamson	6,262	23.78	−1.71
	Liberal	Everett Crowley	4,270	16.21	−1.77
Total valid votes			26,334	100.0
	Co-operative Commonwealth hold		Swing		−14.90

1953 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Angus MacInnis	10,162	46.18
	Social Credit	Nicholas James Bartman	5,610	25.49
	Liberal	Arthur Ralph Gordon Helps	3,957	17.98
	Progressive Conservative	Walter Redvers Dent	1,700	7.72
	Labor–Progressive	Mona Laufey Morgan	578	2.63
Total valid votes			22,007	100.0
This riding was created from parts of Vancouver South, which elected a Liberal in the previous election.

Notes

^ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
^ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
^ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
^ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.

Citations

^ ^a ^b "Population and dwelling counts: Canada and federal electoral districts (2013 Representation Order)". Statistics Canada. Government of Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
^ Vancouver Kingsway, CBC.ca, 2008.
^ "Census « Pundits' Guide to Canadian Federal Elections".
^ "Religion (13) and Age Groups (8) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Federal Electoral Districts (2003 Representation Order), 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data". 2.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
^ "2001 Census of Canada: Topic-based tabulations". 2.statcan.ca. July 4, 2012. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 27, 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 27, 2015). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
^ Candidate « Pundits' Guide to Canadian Federal Elections. Punditsguide.ca. Retrieved on April 12, 2014.
^ Candidate « Pundits' Guide to Canadian Federal Elections. Punditsguide.ca. Retrieved on April 12, 2014.
^ Final Report – British Columbia
^ Timeline for the Redistribution of Federal Electoral Districts
^ "Confirmed candidates — Vancouver Kingsway". Elections Canada. September 1, 2021. Retrieved September 6, 2021.
^ "Transposition of Votes from the 44th General Election to the 2023 Representation Orders". Elections Canada. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
^ "List of confirmed candidates". Elections Canada. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
^ "Official Voting Results". Elections Canada. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
^ Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Vancouver Kingsway, 30 September 2015
^ Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates
^ Pundits' Guide to Canadian Elections

References

"Vancouver Kingsway (Code 59032) Census Profile". 2011 census. Government of Canada - Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 6, 2011.
Expenditures – 2004
Expenditures – 2000
Expenditures – 1997

External links

Website of the Parliament of Canada

49°14′53″N 123°04′30″W / 49.248°N 123.075°W / 49.248; -123.075

[EastAsian-9] Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.

[euro-10] Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.

[SoutheastAsian-11] Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.

[MiddleEastern-12] Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.

[Other-13] Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.

[2021_census_FED-1] "Population and dwelling counts: Canada and federal electoral districts (2013 Representation Order)". Statistics Canada. Government of Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.

[2] Vancouver Kingsway, CBC.ca, 2008.

[3] "Census « Pundits' Guide to Canadian Federal Elections".

[4] "Religion (13) and Age Groups (8) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Federal Electoral Districts (2003 Representation Order), 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data". 2.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved November 20, 2012.

[5] "2001 Census of Canada: Topic-based tabulations". 2.statcan.ca. July 4, 2012. Retrieved November 30, 2012.

[2021censusB-6] Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved February 16, 2023.

[2016census-7] Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 27, 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved February 16, 2023.

[2011census-8] Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 27, 2015). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved February 16, 2023.

[14] Candidate « Pundits' Guide to Canadian Federal Elections. Punditsguide.ca. Retrieved on April 12, 2014.

[15] Candidate « Pundits' Guide to Canadian Federal Elections. Punditsguide.ca. Retrieved on April 12, 2014.

[report-16] Final Report – British Columbia

[timeline-17] Timeline for the Redistribution of Federal Electoral Districts

[18] "Confirmed candidates — Vancouver Kingsway". Elections Canada. September 1, 2021. Retrieved September 6, 2021.

[19] "Transposition of Votes from the 44th General Election to the 2023 Representation Orders". Elections Canada. Retrieved April 9, 2024.

[20] "List of confirmed candidates". Elections Canada. Retrieved October 4, 2019.

[21] "Official Voting Results". Elections Canada. Retrieved July 23, 2021.

[22] Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Vancouver Kingsway, 30 September 2015

[23] Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates

[24] Pundits' Guide to Canadian Elections

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[a]

[b]

[c]

[d]

[e]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]