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Uttar Pradesh Police

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The Uttar Pradesh Police (UP Police) (IAST: Uttara Pradeśha Pulisa), is the primary law enforcement agency within the Uttar Pradesh state of India. Established in 1863 as the Office of the Inspector General of Police, United Provinces under the Police Act, 1861.[7]

Uttar Pradesh Police
Emblem of the Uttar Pradesh Police
Emblem of the Uttar Pradesh Police
Flag of the Uttar Pradesh Police
Flag of the Uttar Pradesh Police
Common nameUP Police
Motto"सुरक्षा आपकी, संकल्प हमारा"
(Hindi)
"Your protection, our pledge"
Agency overview
Formed
  • 1863; 161 years ago (1863)
at Prayagraj erstwhile Allahabad
Annual budget₹37,398 crore (US$4.5 billion) (2024–25 est.) [1]
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdictionUttar Pradesh, IN
Jurisdiction of Uttar Pradesh Police force
Size243,286 km2 (93,933.25 sq mi)
Population199,812,341 (est. 2011)
Legal jurisdictionUttar Pradesh
Governing bodyHome Department
Constituting instrument
General nature
Operational structure
HeadquartersSignature Building, Sector-7, Gomti Nagar Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
Gazetted Officers1,369 (406 IPS officers and 963 PPS officers)[2][3]
Non-Gazetted officers and Constables231,443[4]
Minister responsible
Agency executive
Child agencies
Facilities
Helicopters1[5]
Dogs78[6]
Website
uppolice.gov.in

Uttar Pradesh Police is one of the oldest police departments in the Republic of India, and is the largest police force in the world, having about 68 district police department (excluding 7 commissionerates) in it.[8]

The Uttar Pradesh Police is headquartered at Signature Building, Gomti Nagar Extension in Lucknow which was earlier located in city of Prayagraj. [9]

The Uttar Pradesh Police employ around 1,368 gazetted officers, and 231,443 non gazetted uniformed officers. Uttar Pradesh Police is governed by the Department of Home and Confidential of Uttar Pradesh.[7] The Uttar Pradesh Police is headed by the Director General of Police (DGP) for the state of Uttar Pradesh, who is the highest-ranking (DG) IPS officer of the state cadre. UP Police is the first Indian state police agency to have a highway patrol Unit, the UP-Highway Police (UPHP).[10]

History

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The present police system in the country was created following the recommendation of the Police Commission headed by Mr. H.M. Court in 1860,[11] which led to the enactment of the Police Act of 1861 that is in force even today.[12] The same Mr. Court became the first Inspector General of Police (IGP) of the then North West Province and Avadh which comprised the territory of the present state of Uttar Pradesh. The Police structure was erected in the form of the following eight organizations:

  • Provincial Police
  • Government Railway Police
  • Municipal Police
  • Cantonment Police
  • Town Police
  • Rural and Road Police
  • Canal Police
  • Barkandaj Guard (to protect the courts)

The Civil Police too continued to grow and Mr. B.N. Lahiri was the first Indian Inspector General of Police of Uttar Pradesh after independence. The performance of the state police in the spheres of Crime control and maintenance of law and order was highly appreciated, due to which it had the proud privilege of being the first police force in the country to receive the President's Color on 23 November 1952 by the then Prime Minister of India, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru. Various specialized wings of the U.P. police have since come into existence for combating organized crimes, economic offences, terrorism, etc.[12]

Organization and structure

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A Director General of Police (DGP) heads the state police. He is assisted by many police officers. State police headquarters is situated in Lucknow.

For the purpose of maintaining law and order in the state, the state of Uttar Pradesh is divided into 8 police zones. Each zone is headed by an officer of the rank of additional director general of police who is an officer of the Indian police Service. Each police zone is constituted by 2 to 3 police ranges. There are a total of 18 police ranges in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Each range is headed by an officer of the rank of either inspector general of police or deputy inspector general of police. Each police range is constituted by around 2 to 4 districts.

District Police Units

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There are a total of 68 District police units (headed by SP/SSP) and 7 Police Commissionerate (headed by CP) in the state.

In each district (except all current 7 commissionerates), the head of the police is the SP or SSP. In the discharge of his duties, he is assisted by Superintendent of Police (SP), Deputy Superintendent of Police (Deputy SP) or Assistant Superintendent of Police who may either be the officers of the Provincial Police Service or Indian Police Service.

The number of SPs and Deputy SPs varies with the size, population, police work, or nature of police work in different districts. The number of SPs and Dy.SPs in districts like Gorakhpur, Bareilly, Meerut, Moradabad is considerably more than other districts. Whereas in smaller districts like Baghpat, Kannauj, Mahoba, Chandauli the number of the PPS officers is relatively lesser.

Typically, a police district in the state corresponds with the administrative district. Though, the head of the police force in the district is the Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP)/Superintendent of police (SP), who is always an officer of the Indian Police Service, the ultimate/final responsibility with regard to the maintenance of the law and order in the district lies with the district magistrate who is an officer of the Indian Administrative Service. The police district is further subdivided into police sub-divisions or police circles. A police circle is usually headed by an officer of the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police or Assistant Superintendent of Police. The officer heading the police circle/sub-division is designated as the Circle Officer (C.O.) in the state of Uttar Pradesh. A police circle is usually constituted by 2 to 4 police stations. Each police station is headed by a police inspector. Throughout the state of Uttar Pradesh and other states, especially in North India, there is the main police station in the older/ main part of the city known as the Kotwali. The Kotwali covers the main or usually the older part of the town/city under its jurisdiction. Earlier, when the cities and towns were smaller and had a lesser population than at present and they hadn't grown in size so much, Kotwali covered the main town area of the cities or the districts. A police station is also called as a thana in the local language. The officer in charge of a police station is designated as or called as the station officer (S.O.) or station house officer (S.H.O). He is assisted by various sub-inspectors, head-constables, constables. There are also a number of police chowkis that come under the police station. A police chowki is under the charge of a sub-inspector of police. The regular constabulary carries the bulk of normal beat policing and patrolling.

Zones, Ranges and districts

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List of the police zones, ranges and districts falling under them
# Zone Headed by
(post) 		# Range Headed by
(post) 		# District Headed by
(post)
1 Lucknow zone ADG/IG 1 Lucknow IG/DIG 1 Unnao SP
2 Sitapur SP
3 Hardoi SP
4 Rae Bareli SP
5 Kheri SP
2 Ayodhya DIG 1 Ayodhya SSP
2 Barabanki SP
3 Sultanpur SP
4 Ambedkar Nagar SP
5 Amethi SP
2 Bareilly zone ADG/IG 1 Bareilly IG/DIG 1 Bareilly SSP
2 Shahjahanpur SP
3 Pilibhit SP
4 Badaun SSP
2 Moradabad DIG 1 Moradabad SSP
2 Jyotiba Phule Nagar SP
3 Rampur SP
4 Bijnor SP
5 Sambhal SP
3 Meerut zone ADG/IG 1 Meerut IG/DIG 1 Meerut SSP
2 Baghpat SP
3 Bulandshahr SSP
4 Hapur SP
2 Saharanpur DIG 1 Saharanpur SSP
2 Muzaffarnagar SSP
3 Shamli SP
4 Agra zone ADG/IG 1 Agra IG/DIG 1 Mathura SSP
2 Firozabad SP
3 Mainpuri SP
2 Aligarh DIG 1 Aligarh SSP
2 Hathras SP
3 Etah SSP
4 Kasganj SP
5 Kanpur zone ADG/IG 1 Kanpur IG/DIG 1 Kanpur Dehat SP
2 Auraiya SP
3 Kannauj SP
4 Farrukhabad SP
5 Etawah SSP
2 Jhansi DIG 1 Jhansi SSP
2 Jalaun SP
3 Lalitpur SP
6 Prayagraj zone ADG/IG 1 Prayagraj IG/DIG 1 Kaushambi SP
2 Pratapgarh SP
3 Fatehpur SP
2 Chitrakoot Dham DIG 1 Chitrakoot SP
2 Hamirpur SP
3 Banda SP
4 Mahoba SP
7 Varanasi zone ADG/IG 1 Varanasi IG/DIG 1 Chandauli SP
2 Jaunpur SP
3 Ghazipur SP
2 Mirzapur DIG 1 Mirzapur SP
2 Bhadohi SP
3 Sonbhadra SP
3 Azamgarh DIG 1 Azamgarh SP
2 Mau SP
3 Ballia SP
8 Gorakhpur zone ADG/IG 1 Gorakhpur IG/DIG 1 Gorakhpur SSP
2 Maharajganj SP
3 Kushinagar SP
4 Deoria SP
2

Basti

DIG 1 Basti SP
2 Sant Kabir Nagar SP
3 Siddharth Nagar SP
3 Devipatan DIG 1 Gonda SP
2 Balrampur SP
3 Shravasti SP
4 Bahraich SP
Total police zones 8 Total police ranges 18 Total police districts 68

Commissionerates

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There are currently 7 police commissionerates under UP Police -

SR No Name Commissioner of Police CP's Rank Formed Reference
1 Lucknow Police IPS Amrendra Kumar Sengar ADGP 14 January 2020 [13]
2 Gautam Buddha Nagar Police Commissionerate IPS Laxmi Singh IGP 14 January 2020 [14]
3 Kanpur Nagar Police Commissionerate IPS RK Swarnakar ADGP 25 March 2021 [15]
4 Varanasi Police Commssionerate IPS Mohit Aggarwal ADGP 25 March 2021 [16]
5 Prayagraj Police Commissionerate IPS Tarun Gaba IGP 26 November 2022 [17]
6 Agra Police Commissionerate IPS Dr Preetendar Singh IGP 26 November 2022 [18]
7 Ghaziabad Police Commissionerate IPS Ajay Mishra IGP 26 November 2022 [19]

In the police commissionerate system, the Commissioner of Police (CP) in the rank of Additional Director General of Police (ADGP) or Inspector General of Police (IGP) heads the district police department or commissionerate.

In Lucknow Police, the CP is assisted by 2 Joint Commissioners of Police (JCPs) with the ranks of IG and DIG, in Kanpur Police the commissioner is assisted by 2 Additional Commissioners (Addl. CPs) in the ranks of IG and DIG who look after Law and order while other looks into Crime & Headquarters respectively, whereas in all other commissionerates the commissioner is assisted by Addl.CP(s) of DIG rank. Under them, there is a team of IPS & PPS officers who are posted as DCPs and ACPs. Three DCPs are posted in a zone. One DCP's insignia is the state emblem above one star, who is senior to the other two DCPs, whose insignia is one state emblem only. Under the DCPs work ACPs, who are the chiefs of various circles. They are vested with the powers of the executive magistrate for criminal cases.

Police Commissionerates are independent of zonal & range police chiefs' supervision. They are also vested with powers of an executive magistrate under various acts.

Hierarchy

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Officers

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  • Director general of police (DGP)
  • Additional Director General of Police (ADG)
  • Inspector general of police (IG)
  • Deputy inspector general of police (DIG)
  • Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP)
  • Superintendent of Police (SP)
  • Additional Superintendent of Police (Addl. SP)
  • Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP)
  • Deputy superintendent of police (DSP)

Subordinates

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  • Inspector of Police (PI)
  • Sub-Inspector of police (SI)
  • Assistant Sub-inspector of police (ASI)
  • Head constable (HC)
  • Police constable (PC)

Ranks of law enforcement in Uttar Pradesh

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Gazetted Officers
Indian Police Service gazetted officers rank insignia[20][21][22]
Insignia                    
Rank Director general of police Additional director general of police[a] Inspector general of police Deputy inspector general of police Senior superintendent of police[b] Superintendent of police Additional superintendent of police Assistant superintendent of police Assistant superintendent of police (probationary for two years) Assistant superintendent of police (probationary for one year)
Abbreviation DGP ADGP IGP DIG SSP SP Addl. SP ASP ASP ASP


Non-gazette officers
Indian Police non-gazetted officers rank insignia [23][24]
Insignia                 No insignia
Rank Inspector[c] Assistant inspector[d] Sub-inspector Assistant sub-inspector Head constable[e] Senior Constable[f] Police constable
Abbreviation INSP/PI API SI ASI HC SC PC
  • Colour pattern and size of chevrons may vary according to the different rules of several distinct Indian State Police services.


Police Units[25]

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Units of Uttar Pradesh Police[26]
No. Unit Current Officer Executive Rank
1 DG Police Intelligence & CBCID Vijay Kumar DGP[27]
2 DG Police HQRS DR. N. RAVINDER ADG/GSO
3 Police HQRS Bhagirath P. Jogdand ADG
4 Anti Corruption Org Raja Srivastava ADG
5 Anti Terrorist Squad (ATS) NAVEEN ARORA ADG
5 Criminal Investigative Department (CID) Vijay Kumar DG
K. Satya Narayan ADG
6 Economic Offences Wing (EOG) Prashant Kumar Special DG
7 Fire Services Avinash Chandra DG
8 Government Railway Police (GRP) Jai Narain Singh ADG
9 Human Rights Satish Kumar Mathur DG
10 Provincial Armed Constabulary (PAC)  Kalluri SP Kumar ADG
11 Recruitment Board (UPPR &PB) Renuka Mishra DG
12 Rules & Manual Tanuja Srivastava DG
13 Security Binod K. Singh ADG
14 Special Enquires Chandra Prakash DG
15 Special Investigation department\ intelligences bureau (SID/IB) Ashutosh Pandey ADG
16 Special Task Force (STF) Amitabh Yash ADG
17 Traffic Directorate Anupam Kulshrestha ADG
18 Training Directorate Renuka Mishra DG/Training HQRS
Anju Gupta DG/PTS Meerut
Ajay Anand ADG/PTS Sultanpur
Navniet Sekera ADG/PTS Unnao
SUNIL KUMAR GUPTA ADG/Training HQRS
A. Satish Ganesh ADG/PTS Moradabad
Amit Chandra ADG/PTC Dr BRAP Academy Moradabad
19 Technical Services Mohit Agarwal ADG
20 Telecom Sunil Kumar Gupta ADG
21 Vigilance Vijay Kumar DG
22 Logistics Raj Kumar ADG
23 (UP 112) ITECCS Ashok Kumar Singh ADG
24 Civil Defence Mukul Goel DG
25 Mahilla Samman Prakoshth Neera Rawat ADG

List of UP Police Chiefs

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List of Directors General/ Inspectors General of Uttar Pradesh Police[28][29][30][31][32][33]
No. Name From To
Directors General of Police (DGP)[34][29][30][31]
53 Prashant Kumar (IPS) (Acting) 1 February 2024 Incumbent
52 Vijay Kumar (Acting)[35] 1 June 2023 31 January 2024
51 Rajkumar Vishvakarma (acting)[36] 1 April 2023 31 May 2023
50 Devendra Singh Chauhan (acting)[37] 12 May 2022 31 March 2023
49 Mukul Goel 1 July 2021 11 May 2022
48 Hitesh Chandra Awasthy 1 Feb 2020 30 June 2021
47 Om Prakash Singh 1 Jan 2018 31 Jan 2020
46 Sulkhan Singh 22 Apr 2017 31 Dec 2017
45 S. Javeed Ahmad 1 Jan 2016 22 Apr 2017
44 Jagmohan Yadav 1 Jul 2015 31 Dec 2015
43 Arvind Kumar Jain 31 Jan 2015 30 Jun 2015
42 Arun Kumar Gupta 1 Jan 2015 31 Jan 2015
41 Anand Kumar Banerjee 28 Feb 2014 31 Dec 2014
40 Rizwan Ahmed 1 Jan 2014 28 Feb 2014
39 Deo Raj Nagar 12 Apr 2013 31 Dec 2013
38 A. C. Sharma 19 Mar 2012 12 Apr 2013
37 Atul 8 Jan 2012 19 Mar 2012
36 Brij Lal 30 Sep 2011 8 Jan 2012
35 R. K. Tiwari 31 Aug 2011 30 Sep 2011
34 Karamvir Singh 23 Sep 2009 31 Aug 2011
33 Vikram Singh 23 Jun 2007 23 Sep 2009
32 G. L. Sharma 15 Mar 2007 23 Jun 2007
31 Bua Singh 3 Apr 2006 14 Mar 2007
30 Yashpal Singh 11 Jan 2005 3 Apr 2006
29 V. K. B. Nair 28 Jun 2003 11 Jan 2005
28 Hakam Singh 20 Mar 2003 28 Jun 2003
27 R. M. Shukla 20 Jul 2002 20 Mar 2003
26 R. K. Pandit 31 Jul 2001 20 Jul 2002
25 M. C. Dwivedi 31 Jul 2000 31 Jul 2001
24 Shri Ram Arun 23 Dec 1999 31 Jul 2000
23 K. L. Gupta 2 Apr 1998 23 Dec 1999
22 Shri Ram Arun 3 May 1997 2 Apr 1998
21 Haridas 24 Nov 1996 3 May 1997
20 S. N. P. Sinha 4 Jul 1996 24 Nov 1996
19 V. S. Mathur 31 Mar 1996 4 Jul 1996
18 Girish Bihari 12 Aug 1995 31 Mar 1996
17 V. S. Mathur 30 Sep 1994 12 Aug 1995
16 V.P. Kapoor 8 Jun 1993 30 Sep 1994
15 Prakash Singh 23 Dec 1992 8 Jun 1993
14 S.V.M. Tripathi 30 Sep 1992 23 Dec 1992
13 Prakash Singh 22 Jul 1991 30 Sep 1992
12 V. K. Jain 31 Dec 1990 22 Jul 1991
11 R. P. Mathur 30 Dec 1989 31 Dec 1990
10 R. P. Joshi 31 Jul 1989 30 Dec 1989
9 Harimohan 31 Dec 1988 31 Jul 1989
8 R. N. Gupta 8 Jun 1987 31 Dec 1988
7 D. S. Bhatnagar 31 Mar 1987 8 Jun 1987
6 P. C. Kakkar 1 Jan 1987 31 Mar 1987
5 D. K. Agarwal 17 Sep 1985 31 Dec 1986
4 J. N. Chaturvedi 1 Apr 1984 17 Sep 1985
3 Shrish Chandra Dikshit 25 Jul 1982 31 Mar 1984
2 Naresh Kumar 5 Mar 1982 24 Jul 1982
1 Mahendra Singh 24 Feb 1981 4 March 1982
Inspector Generals of Police[31][32][33]
14 Naresh Kumar 24 Feb 1981 4 Mar 1982
13 Mahendra Singh 12 Mar 1980 23 Feb 1981
12 Lal Singh Verma 5 Jul 1977 11 Mar 1980
11 Sarvan Tandon 27 Mar 1976 4 Jul 1977
10 Govind Chandra 16 May 1975 26 Mar 1976
09 H. K. Kherr 1 Dec 1973 15 May 1975
08 A. K. Dass 5 Nov 1971 30 Nov 1973
07 Islam Ahmad 18 May 1971 4 Nov 1971
06 N. S. Saxena 20 Feb 1970 17 May 1971
05 Jiyaram 10 Apr 1967 19 Feb 1970
04 Shanti Prasad 17 Feb 1961 9 Apr 1967
03 M. S. Mathur 1 Apr 1954 16 Feb 1961
02 T. P. Bhalla 13 Jan 1953 31 Mar 1954
01 B. N. Lahari 27 Oct 1947 12 Jan 1953
List of Inspector Generals of United Provinces Police [33]
No. Name From To
11 SG Pearce 1 December 1946 26 October 1947
10 P Meabsure 28 June 1945 30 November 1946
10 MA Inglis 6 July 1940 26 June 1945
9 RA Horton 7 November 1937 5 July 1940
8 AH Phillips 15 March 1937 6 November 1937
7 RA Horton 16 June 1935 18 February 1937
5 ST Holling 7 April 1934 15 June 1935
6 HR Roe 5 November 1933 6 April 1934
5 ST Holling 27 April 1931 4 November 1933
RJS Dodd 5 November 1928 25 March 1931
4 AH Williamson 3 May 1928 4 November 1928
3 RJS Dodd 7 November 1925 2 May 1928
2 AD Ashdown 1 October 1923 6 November 1925
1 LM Kaye 23 February 1919 30 September 1923

Technology

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Facial recognition system

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UP police uses a database of 500,000+ criminals with facial recognition technology in its "Trinetra" face identification system.[38][39]

Social media research center

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A social media command and research center has been established in Meerut. The center monitors trends in social media that can have an impact on law & order situation and advise concerned district and range police chiefs.[40]

Firearms

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Most of the weapons in service with the Uttar Pradesh Police are locally produced by the Indian ordnance factories controlled by the Ordnance Factories Board, the police also induct various weapons imported by the Ministry of Home Affairs as part of modernization plans.

 
HK MP5 noBG
 
AMOGH – Carbine.

As per the 2017 audit by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India, Uttar Pradesh Police has a shortage of 45,047 handguns and an excess of 56,298 rifles.[41][42][43]

48%, 58,853, of the 1.22 lakh (122,000) rifles available to the state police are of point-303 bore category, which was rendered obsolete by the Ministry of Home Affairs in 1995.[41][42][43]

 
GLOCK 17 Gen 4 Pistol MOD 45160305
 
AK-47

Weapons of the UP Police also include:

Controversies and criticism of misconduct

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The Uttar Pradesh Police has an extensive history of police brutality,[44][45] misconduct, and corruption,[46] as well as discrimination on the basis of caste[47] and religion.[48][45][49]

Corruption

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In 2007, 18,000 police officers were fired as they were hired despite being unqualified for the job. These new recruits were illiterates who bribed between ₹100,000 and ₹500,000 to cheat in the UP police entrance tests.[50]

In 2020, Uttar Pradesh government started an operation to screen allegedly corrupt police officials who will be forced to take retirement.[51]

Fake encounters

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In 2018, India Today carried out an investigative piece reporting incidents of UP police framing innocent people and killing them in staged encounters for money and promotions.[52] A sub-inspector had allegedly offered to gun down an innocent civilian for around Rs 8 lakh.[53] Between 2015–2018, 211 complaints of fake encounters were filed in India out of which 39 were on UP police.[54] In 2012, 17 UP police personnel were given life term for killing an incontinent 24-year-old man in a 1992 fake encounter and later they branded the victim as a terrorist.[55]

On 10 July 2020, Uttar Pradesh police personnel were involved in the encounter of gangster and former BSP leader Vikas Dubey. Dubey was apprehended a day before near the Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga temple in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. The police vehicle taking him back to Uttar Pradesh was involved in a crash; seeing the opportunity, Dubey allegedly snatched a pistol from a policeman trying to fix a flat tire and tried to run away,[56] before being killed by the Uttar Pradesh police.[57] An earlier attempt to arrest Dubey resulted in the death of 8 policemen, including a DSP rank officer. Through an investigation, call records showed that Dubey was in contact with multiple police personnel, who were acting as moles and leaked information to him.[58]

Moral Policing

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The Uttar Pradesh Police has been extensively involved in incidents of moral policing. These incidents have earned ire from general public and media personnel, besides the Supreme Court.

On 19 December 2005, police personnel raided a public park in Meerut, accompanied by cameras crews from TV channels. They attacked couples sitting in the park in front of cameras. The raid was termed "Operation Majnu" (named after the folklore) and it was claimed by the police that the purpose was to check sexual harassment.[59][60]

On 29 November 2011, the Ghaziabad police launched its own "Operation Majnu". The police caught couples in parks and made the men do sit-ups in front of TV cameras. The head of the operation an officer called Alka Pandey said it was to prevent "innocent girls being trapped by boys with evil motives".[61]

On 10 August 2013, Ghaziabad police raided a hotel on a tip-off and detained 56 adult couples. It was later found out of them, 52 couples were married or consenting friends. The police had carried out the raid after locals noticed usual traffic to the hotel and told the police.[62][63]

In 2017, Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath started the anti-romeo squads in the department for safety of women and young girls from sexual harassment and eve-teasing. However, the squads were found to be involved in acts of moral policing, harassment of couples, as well as extortion.[64] Due to such incidents, the Police force and the Government came under fire from media for such incidents of moral policing, as well as misuse of authority, eventually demanding that the squads be disbanded.[65]

Crimes against Women

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The Uttar Pradesh Police has an infamous history of refusing to file reports and investigate crimes against women, notably rape cases, especially when high profile individuals like political leaders are involved, or caste bias. This has led to botched investigations, or cases being assigned to the CBI. Despite the changes mandated by Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013, the attitude of Uttar Pradesh Police officials has often been lackluster, which has worsened crime rate and safety of women, especially in the rural areas and with most victims belonging to minority and backward castes.[66] There have also been police officers accused of crimes against women, especially rape, molestation, and sexual harassment. In several cases, lower ranked police personnel have faced suspension and dismissal for inaction, ignorance, and insensitivity by indulging in victim blaming instead of investigating the crimes and apprehending the culprits.[67]

In February 2017, on the orders of Samajwadi Party leader Mulayam Singh Yadav, the Uttar Pradesh Police refused to file a rape case against Gayatri Prasad Prajapati, then minister of State for mining. Following the refusal, the victim approached Supreme Court, which ordered the department to have the report filed and conduct an investigation. Gayatri Prasad Prajapati was arrested in March 2017 after absconding for long.[68] On 12 November 2021, he was sentenced to life on the charges of rape.[69]

The Uttar Pradesh Police was criticized for mishandling the 2017 Unnao rape case, which involved expelled BJP MLA Kuldeep Singh Sengar. The victim's father went to file report earlier, but after initial refusal by the department, the Supreme Court took action and ordered filing the report. However, in the aftermath, 6 officers were suspended for arresting the victim's father and subsequent custodial death, who was also assaulted by the accused's brother Atul Sengar.[70][71] Following outrage and protests, the CBI took over the investigation and the case was handed to Allahabad High Court. Kuldeep Sengar was convicted in December 2019 and sentenced to life imprisonment for rape and kidnapping, along with a fine of Rs 25 lakhs.[72]

In the 2020 Hathras gang rape and murder, the Uttar Pradesh Police came under fire, after some officials forcibly cremated the body of the victim girl without the consent of her family.[73] DK Verma, the station house officer of Chandpa Police Station, was transferred for his "failure to promptly act" in the case, as well as humiliating the victim, refusal to file a report, and failure to follow procedures laid down for investigation of rape.[74] A CBI team, appointed by the State Government in the aftermath, heavily condemned the Uttar Pradesh Police for cover-up through inaction and delay in collecting samples as well as other evidence, eventually botching up the investigation, along with misconduct against the victim's family and failure to provide timely medical aid to the victim. The botched investigation led to the acquittal of 3 of the 4 accused, as with lack of crucial evidence, neither of them charged with rape and murder; furthermore, the department was also condemned for failure to stop protests led by expelled BJP MLA Rajveer Singh Pehelwan, with activists and members of Vishwa Hindu Parishad and Bajrang Dal, who held a rally in support for the accused as they belonged to the upper castes.[75] Additionally, the Provincial Armed Constabulary, tasked to protect the victim's family, was slammed for allowing kin of accused and the upper caste villagers to enter the premises of the victim's family and threaten them to take back their case; following media allegations, the CRPF took over the security of the family. Following the trial in March 2023 at the Hathras district court, which led to acquital of 3 suspects of 4 with the last one only charged for culpable homicide not amounting to murder (IPC Section 304) and provisions under the SC/ST Act, the prosecution and defense appealed the trial in the Allahabad High Court.[76]

On 20 September 2023, eight police personnel across the state were arrested and charged for different crimes against women.[77]

Political Influence and Interference

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On 18 March 2015, the Uttar Pradesh police arrested a minor teenager from Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, for making a post on Facebook insulting politician Azam Khan. The post allegedly contained hate speech against a community and was falsely attributed to Azam Khan by the boy. He was charged under Section 66A of the IT Act, and Sections 153A (promoting enmity between different religions), 504 (intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace) and 505 (public mischief) of the Indian Penal Code. After Section 66A was struck down by the Supreme Court on 24 March 2015, the state government said that they would continue the prosecution under the remaining charges.[78][79]

On 10 July 2015, IPS Officer Amitabh Thakur, who was posted as an IG, alleged that former Chief Minister and Samajwadi Party leader Mulayam Singh Yadav, had threatened him on a phone call. He released the audio of the phone call, in which Yadav is allegedly heard saying certain sentences of threatening nature:[80][81] Thakur alleged that Mulayam Singh was unhappy about the complaint lodged by his wife Nutan against the state minister Gayatri Prasad Prajapati for illegal mining activities.[81] In retaliation, Thakur was charged with false cases of rape and disproportionate assets, both of which were proven to be baseless and he was cleared by the Economic Offenses Wing and the Vigilance Department.

Supporting Right Wing Organizations

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The Uttar Pradesh Police has received widespread condemnation for filing charges against victims of cow vigilantism. The victims, who have been accused of cow slaughter or smuggling of cattle, belong to either Muslim or lower caste Hindu communities.[82][83]

Following the introduction of Prohibition of Unlawful Religious Conversion Ordinance, 2020 in Uttar Pradesh to curb Love Jihad, the Uttar Pradesh Police, collaborating with Bajrang Dal, have attempted to stop interfaith marriages. In certain cases, misconduct of Uttar Pradesh Police officials have resulted in backlash, especially against women thought to be victims of Love Jihad.[84] The police personnel have also targeted couples involved in inter-caste marriages, while apparently using this law against Muslim and Dalit community, along with stopping consensual inter-faith marriages.[85][86]

In 2014, a girl, whose father was a liquor baron in Agra, eloped with a man and sought shelter with the Love Commandos in nearby New Delhi. The girl's father used his influence to ask the Uttar Pradesh police in Agra to search for the girl. Agra police allegedly managed to find the girl's location in a suburban area in New Delhi by using her cellphone signal. They began combing area while being armed. Ultimately, the Delhi Police had to intervene and stop the illegal search.[87]

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These law enforcement officers have been depicted in Indian cinema through various films. The Dabangg series of films starring Salman Khan are an example of depiction of the UP Police. Bhaukaal (web series) is based on Senior IPS Officer Navniet Sekera of U.P. Police.[88]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Rank insignia of DGP is similar to additional DGP.
  2. ^ Also known as superintendent of police (selection grade)
  3. ^ One-star rank insignia only used in the West Bengal Police. All other police forces use the three-star with red and blue band rank insignia.
  4. ^ This rank exists only in the Maharashtra Police.
  5. ^ Shoulder insignia rank only used in the Maharashtra Police.
  6. ^ This rank is also known as senior constable, constable grade-I, and exists only in some state police forces.

References

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  1. ^ "Uttar Pradesh Budget Analysis 2020–21" (PDF). prsindia.org. 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 March 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
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