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Local government in Karnataka

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Local government in Karnataka is the third tier constituting the three-tier administration set-up in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is a system of local government which forms the last level from the Centre.[1][2]

History

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In ancient India, including Karnataka, despite a centralized administration under a King, there was some opportunity for local governance. This is evident from the epigraph inscriptions found across many places in Karnataka which acknowledge right to elect representatives to the assembly or Council. System similar to Panchayat Raj existed in India during Vedic period and has a History of over thousands of years. Systems similar to Grama Panchayat existed in the History with different names in different Timeline. They were called Grama Sabha, Uru, Vokkalu, Gramakaryalaya, Panchayti Kate etc.. They were headed by Urasamastaru, Oora mukhyastharu, Zameendars, Jahagirdars etc. Guidelines i.e., Constitution was compiled by the heads and were called with different names like Samaya, Sthiti, Maryade, Vyavaste, Achara vyavaste. Panchamutts (Not Matha), Agrahara, Brahmapuri, Brahmeswara Keri were the names of the areas where Brahmins resided and was headed by Mahajanaru, Oorodeya, Aiyyanavaru. Assemblies in Towns existed with names like Barabaluthi, Ayagara, Pura, Hittu, Nadu, Mahanadu, Nadagounda Pergade, Nadasabhe, Mandala, Nadu panchayati, Nyaya Samiti etc. Gaunda Prabhu, Nadashyanabogha, Nadagounda, Gouda, Heggade were the chief persons of such bodies. Nagara Mahajana, Pattana shetty, Pattanaswamy, Pattanavergade, Gowda Pattana swamy were the patriarchs of larger Urban areas namely, Nagara, Nakara, Halaru, Nagara samooha, Nakarasamooh, Mahanagara, Bananjupattana etc. Residential Tax was called Manevana and other Taxes were called Jakati. Shanuboga, Senabhovaru were the people who collected the Tax.[3]

Overview

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Urban local bodies in Karnataka are segregated into multiple categories like City Corporations, City Municipalities, Town Municipalities and Town Panchayats based on their population. They are governed according 1964 Act for Municipalities (for City or Town Municipalities and Pattana / Town Panchayats) and 1976 Act for Municipal Corporation (for Corporations). The Government of Karnataka has set the guidelines for municipalities according to the 74th Amendment for the Constitution of India. Accordingly, at present there are 10 City Corporations, 59 City Municipal Councils, 116 Town Municipal Councils and 97 Town / Pattana Panchayats in Karnataka. Government has created Notified Area Committees (Four NACs in number) to provide municipal services for specified areas like industrial areas. The main sources of income for the municipalities are:

  • Revenue collection from buildings and lands
  • Water supply billing
  • Licensing for the Infrastructure building and Trade
  • Taxing on the advertisement
  • Duty on certain transfers of property

Administrative units

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They are categorized based on life style of the inhabitants.[4]

Urban local bodies

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According to 2011 census of India, Karnataka has about 39.6% of total population living in urbanized areas.[5] Considering the demography, they are further classified into the following categories.[6][7][8]

  1. City Corporation
  2. City Municipal Council
  3. Town Municipal Council
  4. Town Panchayat

Rural local bodies

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Rural local bodies include the panchayat raj institutions of this state. There are three levels in this system as follows.[9][10]

  1. Village Panchayat
  2. Taluk Panchayat
  3. District Panchayat

Panchayat details by districts

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Grama Panchayat details

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Source:[11]

District Name No of GPs No. of Officers No. of Previous Members No. of Current Members
Bagalkote 198 2126 2804 3179
Bengaluru Urban 93 2343 1630 2439
Bengaluru Rural 101 2055 1650 1901
Belagavi 506 5393 8309 8396
Ballari and Vijayanagara (Except Harapanahalli Taluk) 237 2441 3310 3652
Bidar 185 2621 2873 3127
Vijayapura 212 2741 3512 3914
Chamarajanagara 130 1972 2009 2045
Chikkamagaluru 226 2147 2334 2305
Chitradurga 189 2630 3136 3380
Dakshina Kannada 228 1717 3186 3422
Davanagere and Harapanahalli Taluk of Vijayanagara 196 2628 3196 3238
Dharwad 144 1447 1734 2029
Gadag 122 1443 1578 1726
Kalaburagi 263 3591 3817 3897
Hassan 267 3852 3603 3682
Haveri 223 2244 2872 3139
Kodagu 104 827 1230 1356
Kolar 156 2890 2508 2726
Koppal 153 2157 2562 2597
Mandya 233 3440 3658 3632
Mysuru 266 3693 4144 4683
Raichur 179 2561 3222 3265
Shivamogga 271 2526 2753 2707
Tumakuru 330 5402 5206 5312
Udupi 158 1300 2255 2466
Uttara Kannada 231 1815 2577 2690
Chikkaballapura 157 2589 2322 2437
Ramanagara 127 2409 2056 2031
Yadagiri 123 1756 1989 2245
TOTAL 6021 76756 88035 93618

Taluk Panchayat details

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Source:[12]

District Name No of Taluks No. of Officers No. of Previous Members No. of Elected Members No. of Elected Members Entered
Bagalkote 6 100 118 130 129
Bengaluru Urban 4 80 72 97 94
Bengaluru Rural 4 77 68 77 77
Belagavi 10 191 338 345 344
Ballari and Vijayanagara (Except Harapanahalli Taluk) 7 147 133 176 149
Bidar 5 92 118 131 127
Vijayapura 5 108 144 159 159
Chamarajanagara 4 53 85 89 89
Chikkamagaluru 7 94 109 107 107
Chitradurga 6 88 128 136 136
Dakshina Kannada 5 93 123 136 136
Davanagere and Harapanahalli Taluk of Vijayanagara 6 72 129 107 125
Dharwad 5 92 76 82 82
Gadag 5 71 71 75 75
Kalaburagi 7 137 155 179 177
Hassan 8 100 144 153 151
Haveri 7 111 115 128 126
Kodagu 3 49 49 50 50
Kolar 5 75 102 111 110
Koppal 4 65 102 109 105
Mandya 7 186 156 155 153
Mysuru 7 108 171 187 182
Raichur 5 81 113 142 117
Shivamogga 7 96 72 116 116
Tumakuru 10 181 203 215 215
Udupi 3 54 95 98 98
Uttara Kannada 11 159 129 130 129
Chikkaballapura 6 93 99 108 107
Ramanagara 4 67 79 81 81
Yadagiri 3 51 82 94 83
TOTAL 176 2971 3578 3903 3829

Zilla Panchayat details

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Source:[10]

District Name No. of Officers No. of Previous Members No. of Elected Members No. of Elected Members Entered
Bagalkote 75 32 36 35
Bengaluru Urban 62 34 50 50
Bengaluru Rural 74 18 21 21
Belagavi 86 86 90 90
Ballari and Vijayanagara (Except Harapanahalli Taluk) 50 36 40 40
Bidar 98 31 34 34
Vijayapura 42 38 42 42
Chamarajanagara 59 21 23 23
Chikkamagaluru 92 34 33 33
Chitradurga 56 33 37 37
Dakshina Kannada 36 34 36 36
Davanagere and Harapanahalli Taluk of Vijayanagara 102 35 36 36
Dharwad 54 22 22 22
Gadag 35 18 19 19
Kalaburagi 65 35 47 47
Hassan 62 40 40 40
Haveri 62 30 34 34
Kodagu 62 29 29 29
Kolar 52 28 30 30
Koppal 45 20 29 29
Mandya 80 40 41 41
Mysuru 71 46 49 49
Raichur 29 35 38 38
Shivamogga 64 31 31 31
Tumakuru 57 57 57 57
Udupi 39 25 26 26
Uttara Kannada 40 36 39 39
Chikkaballapura 51 26 28 28
Ramanagara 61 21 22 22
Yadagiri 71 22 24 24
TOTAL 1832 993 1083 1082

Elections

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Elections are conducted by Karnataka State Election Commission and held once in five years. Karnataka State Election Commissioner is appointed by Governor of Karnataka.[13] Head of the Panchayats includes:[14][15][16][17]

  • Urban bodies
  1. Corporators are the members of a City Corporation led by a Mayor.
  2. Councillors are the members of a City/Town Municipal Council led by a chairman.
  3. Councillors are the members of a Town Panchayat led by a President.
  • Rural bodies
  1. Councillors are the members of a Village/Taluk/District Panchayat led by a President[18][19]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Local Government". National Portal of India. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
  2. ^ "State election panels: Independent of central EC, with similar powers". The Indian Express. 12 April 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  3. ^ "GP Link Document - Rural Development and Panchayat Raj Department". rdpr.karnataka.gov.in. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  4. ^ "A ruse to put off local body elections". Deccan Herald. 16 September 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  5. ^ "50% of Karnataka to be urbanised by next year | Bengaluru News - Times of India". The Times of India. 3 December 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  6. ^ "Urban population clocks 31.5 % growth in Karnataka". 23 May 2013.
  7. ^ "Integrated Government Online Directory". goidirectory.gov.in. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  8. ^ Moudgal, eep (29 November 2021). "Karnataka: Amid fears of Covid-19 clusters, SEC announces polls to 60 urban local bodies | Bengaluru News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  9. ^ "BJP-backed Candidates Lead Karnataka Gram Panchayat Polls, Secure 4,228 Seats So Far". News18. 30 December 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  10. ^ a b "Statistics Page". Panchatantra.kar.nic.in. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  11. ^ "Karnataka state election commission postpones gram panchayat polls". Hindustan Times. 28 May 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  12. ^ "Statistics Page". Panchatantra.kar.nic.in. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  13. ^ "Karnataka State Election Commission". karsec.gov.in. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  14. ^ "What Is Election Commission of India (ECI)?". Business Standard India. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  15. ^ "Election Commission directs all state electoral officers to immediately redress all pending voter applications". The Statesman. 23 November 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  16. ^ "Karnataka to set up commission to redraw ZP, TP constituencies". The Hindu. 5 September 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  17. ^ "State election commissioners should be independent, says SC". The Telegraph. 13 March 2021.
  18. ^ Rao, Madhu (29 May 2020). "Karnataka State Election Commission postpones gram panchayat polls". indiatvnews.com. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  19. ^ "State Election Commissioner Conditions of Service Rules, 1994". bareactslive.com. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
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