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Gendarmerie General Command

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The Gendarmerie General Command (Turkish: Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı) is the national gendarmerie force of the Republic of Turkey. It is a service branch of the Turkish Ministry of Interior responsible for the maintenance of the public order in areas that fall outside the jurisdiction of police forces (generally in rural areas), as well as assuring internal security along with carrying out other specific duties assigned to it by certain laws and regulations. In wartime, some of its elements can be subordinated to Turkish Land Forces by the President of Turkey.

Gendarmerie General Command
Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı
Emblem of the Gendarmerie General Command
Emblem of the Gendarmerie General Command
Flag of the Gendarmerie General Commander
Flag of the Gendarmerie General Commander
Agency overview
Formed1839[1]
Preceding agencies
Employees198,317 active personnel[2]
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdictionTurkey
General nature
Operational structure
HeadquartersAnkara
Elected officer responsible
Agency executives
  • General Arif Çetin, Commander
  • General Ali Çardakçı, Deputy Commander
  • Lt. General Halis Zafer KOÇ, Deputy Commander
  • Lt. General İsmail BALIBEK, Deputy Commander
  • Lt. General Hüseyin KURTOĞLU, Deputy Commander
Parent agencyMinistry of the Interior, Turkish Armed Forces,[3] (in wartime until 2016)
Notables
Significant operations
Website
jandarma.gov.tr/

The Commander of the Gendarmerie reports to the Minister of the Interior.

The Gendarmerie has its roots in the Ottoman Empire military law enforcement organization "Subaşı" (later known as the "Zaptiye"). A similar, earlier force called "Şurta" existed during the medieval Seljuq Empire.

History

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Ottoman Gendarmerie Cavalry in Macedonia.

Ottoman era

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Main article: Ottoman Gendarmerie

After the abolition of the Janissary corps of the Ottoman Empire in 1826, military organizations called Asâkir-i Muntazâma-i Mansûre, Asâkir-i Muntazâma-i Hâssa, and, in 1834, Asâkir-i Redîfe were established for security and public order in Anatolia and in some provinces of Rumelia.[citation needed]

 
British officers in the Ottoman Gendarmerie, 1904

As the first use of the term Gendarmerie was in the Assignment Decrees published in the years following the 1839 Edict of Gülhane, it is assumed that the Gendarmerie organization was founded after that year, but the exact date of foundation has not yet been determined. Therefore, the date on which the name Asâkir-i Zaptiye Nizâmnâmesi was adopted, June 14, 1839, is usually considered the foundation date of the Turkish Gendarmerie.[4]

After the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War, Ottoman prime minister Mehmed Said Pasha decided to bring police officers from Britain and France to establish a modern law enforcement organization. The Gendarmerie was used to great effect after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, particularly in Rumelia. In 1909, the Gendarmerie was affiliated with the Ministry of War, and its name was changed to the Gendarmerie General Command (Ottoman Turkish: Umûm Jandarma Kumandanlığı).

Gendarmerie units continued their internal security duties as well as taking part in the conflict at various fronts as a part of the Armed Forces during World War I and the Turkish War of Independence.[citation needed]

Republic of Turkey

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20th century

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A Turkish conscript gendarme on guard at Topkapı Palace in Istanbul

The Gendarmerie organization achieved its current legal status on June 10, 1930. In 1939, the Gendarmerie organization was restructured, having three groups: Fixed Gendarmerie Units, Mobile Gendarmerie Units, and Gendarmerie Training Units and Schools.[citation needed]

In 1956, the Gendarmerie General Command was assigned the duties of protecting borders, coasts and territorial waters, and fighting smuggling, which had been previously carried out by the Gümrük Umum Kumandanlığı, under the Ministry of Customs and Monopoly. In 1957, Gendarmerie Border Units were transformed into brigades, and Gendarmerie Training Brigades were established.[citation needed]

In 1961, Gendarmerie Regional Commands were established. In 1968, the first Gendarmerie Aviation Unit was established in Diyarbakır under the name of Light Helicopter Company Command.[citation needed]

In 1974, Gendarmerie Commando Units and Gendarmerie Aviation Units took part in the Turkish military operations in Cyprus.[citation needed]

In 1988, the duty of protecting the land borders and ensuring their security was assigned to the Land Forces Command, but Gendarmerie General Command still holds the responsibility for some parts of the Iranian and Syrian borders and the whole Iraqi border.[citation needed]

The Gendarmerie Criminal Department was founded in Ankara in 1993 and from 1994, Gendarmerie Regional Criminal Laboratory Superiorities? were founded. Crime Scene Examination Teams, Explosive Material Disposal Units, Fingerprints and Palm Prints Branches and Crime Scene Examination Units were also established.[citation needed]

21st century

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In 2016, the Gendarmerie General Command was affiliated to the Ministry of Interior.[5]

In 2018, Gendarmerie Special Operations participated in Operation Olive Branch, part of the Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War.[citation needed] According to the Syrian Observatory of Human Rights, Turkish Gendarmerie killed 500 Syrian civilians at the Turkish-Syrian border.[6]

The Gendarmerie General Command currently has a total of 3,600 units, including 3,056 Internal Security Units, 218 Commando Units, 162 Prison Units, 160 Protection Units and four Aviation Units.[citation needed]

Duties

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The duties of the gendarmerie according to the Law No. 2803 on the Organization, Duties and Powers of the Gendarmerie; It is categorized under four main titles as judicial, military, civil and other duties.[7]

Judicial duties

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  • Finding crimes and criminals,
  • Capturing suspects,
  • Transferring evidence judicial authorities,
  • Conduct preparatory investigations when instructed to by the public prosecutor,
  • Transporting prisoners between jails and courthouses.

Civil duties

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  • To ensure that the services for general safety and security are carried out in accordance with the relevant legislation,
  • To carry out the services of informing the public about how to protect the society from public order crime, directing children and young people to crime and taking precautionary measures,
  • To evaluate the information and statistics about public order crimes, to conduct or have an analysis of the crime and to determine the methods of combating crime to prevent public order crimes by evaluating them,
  • Carrying out activities to prevent crime,
  • Preventing, pursuing and investigating smuggling,
  • External protection of penal institutions and detention centers.

Military duties

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  • To perform military services provided by law

Other duties

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  • These are duties other than judicial, military and civil duties, such as facility and personal protection and transport security, which must be carried out in accordance with laws and regulations, orders and decisions.

Structure

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See also: List of general commanders of the Turkish Gendarmerie
 
Gendarmerie General Command Headquarters

Commands

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Gendarmerie General Command Headquarters (Ankara)

Criminal units

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  • Provincial Gendarmerie Commands in 81 provinces & in 388 districts.
    • The Crime Scene Investigation Teams (CSIT) (Working under the Provincial and District Gendarmerie Commands systematically examine the crime scene by means of technical and scientific methods; properly gather physical evidences; pack and send them to forensic laboratories.)
    • Explosive Ordnance Disposal Teams ( which have been established in tourism regions, regions with a concentration of terror incidents and big cities, dispose of explosive ordnances.)
    • Crime scene investigation units[12]
    • Anti-Smuggling and Organized Crime Department (ASOCD)[13]
  • Gendarmerie Intelligence Organization

Other units

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  • Gendarmerie Traffic Teams
    • The Gendarmerie Motorcycled Public Order Teams (Round-the-clock at the highways established by the protocols in the responsibility areas of the Gendarmerie General Command.)
  • Gendarmerie Dog Teams
  • Gendarmerie Environmental Protection Teams (Environmental Protection Teams have been established in order to protect environment, ecological balance and natural life, to protect living species and areas protected by national legislation and international conventions and to prevent environmental pollution.)[14]
  • The Gendarmerie Mounted Units (Used in performing patrolling services at resort areas, forestlands, recreation spots and museums (Topkapı Palace), and in performing preventive law enforcement services.)[15]

Jurisdiction

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The Gendarmerie General Command has jurisdiction over 93 percent of Turkey's territory, focusing on rural and border areas, and serves approximately 20 percent of the population. The remaining areas fall under the jurisdiction of the police department.[16]

Led by a four-star general and organized into multiple commands, the Gendarmerie comprises nearly 195,218 to 200,000 personnel. It plays a central role in maintaining security in rural regions that are often targeted by criminal groups for smuggling, human and drug trafficking. The Gendarmerie is a member of the NATO Stability Policing Centre of Excellence (NATO SP COE) and the International Association of Gendarmeries and Police Forces with Military Status (FIEP).[17]

Ranks

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Officers

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NATO code OF-10 OF-9 OF-8 OF-7 OF-6 OF-5 OF-4 OF-3 OF-2 OF-1
  Turkish Gendarmerie
                      
Orgeneral Korgeneral Tümgeneral Tuğgeneral Albay Yarbay Binbaşı Yüzbaşı Üsteğmen Teğmen Asteğmen

Other Ranks

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NATO code OR-9 OR-8 OR-7 OR-6 OR-5 OR-4 OR-3 OR-2 OR-1
  Turkish Gendarmerie[18][19]
            
               
Uzman Jandarma VIII Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma VII Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma VI Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma V Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma IV Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma III Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma II Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma I Kademeli Çavuş
       
Uzman Çavuş IV Uzman Çavuş III Uzman Çavuş II Uzman Çavuş I
 
Astsubay kıdemli başçavuş Astsubay başçavuş Astsubay kıdemli üstçavuş Astsubay üstçavuş Astsubay kıdemli çavuş Astsubay çavuş Uzman onbaşı

The Gendarmerie Museum

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Museum

The Gendarmerie Museum is established in order to reflect the developments in periodical order beginning with the foundation of the Gendarmerie organization; to exhibit its activities, heroic deeds, services in the history; to protect all kinds of military cultural assets related to the Gendarmerie by collecting them and to transfer them to the future generations. The Gendarmerie Museum in the Beytepe Lieutenant General İsmail SELEN Quarters in Ankara and is open to public.[20]

Equipment

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See also: Military equipment of Turkey

Handguns

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Shotguns

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Submachine guns

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Assault and battle rifles

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Machine guns

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Sniper rifles

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Rocket and grenade launchers

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Mortars

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Directed energy weapon

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  • JARMOL[50]-Laser weapon

Anti-drone system

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  • ASELSAN IHTAR KARTAL-2[51]

Unmanned ground vehicles

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  • COŞKUN - EOD robot[52]
  • ASLAN - Medium class UGV with integrated AVAZ long-range sonic weapon[53]

Vehicles and Aerial vehicles

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Model Image Origin/Assembly Type Variant Quantity Details
Patrol vehicles
TOGG[54]     Turkey Electric Patrol vehicle SUV N/A
BMC Tulga   Armoured patrol vehicle SUV Expected to enter the inventory of Gendarmerie 2025.It will be produced 300 in total.[55][56]
Isuzu D-Max[57]     Japan
  Turkey 		Patrol vehicle Pick-up N/A
Dacia Duster[58]     France
  Romania
  Turkey 		SUV
Fiat Egea[59]     Italy
  Turkey 		Sedan 50
Fiat Doblo[59]   Bus 50
Reanult Megane[60]     France
  Turkey 		Traffic patrol vehicle Sedan N/A
Renault Fluence[60]  
Toyota Corolla[61]     Japan
  Turkey
Mitsubishi Triton[62]   Pick-up
Nisan Navara[57]  
Ford Ranger[63]     United States
  Turkey 		Patrol vehicle
Ford Transit Custom[64]   Van
Ford Transit[65]  
Honda Africa Twin[60]     Japan
  Turkey 		Patrol Motorbike CRF1000L
BMW R1200[60]     Germany
  Turkey 		R1200 GS
Armoured vehicles
Sisu Nasu     Finland Tracked All-Terrain Vehicle NA-140 BT 47
BMC Kirpi      Turkey MRAP Kirpi

Kirpi II[66]

200

200[67][68]

Integrated JARMOL Directed energy weapon on Kirpi 1.[69] It can be combined with IHTAR KARTAL-2 anti-drone system.[51]
BMC Vuran[70]     Turkey MRAP Vuran 4x4

Vuran Alkar

200 BMC Vuran armored vehicle with Mobile Adjustable Ramp System.[71] The Gendarmerie took delivery of the VURAN vehicles mounted on the ALKAR 120mm Mortar Weapon System. Mobile mortar capability will be gained with ALKAR-mounted VURAN vehicles.[49]
Nurol Ejder[70]     Turkey MRAP Ejder Yalçın 4x4 200[72]
Katmerciler Hızır     Turkey MRAP 57[73] Border patrol vehicle.[73]
Otokar Cobra      Turkey Infantry Mobility Vehicle Cobra I

Cobra II[70]

200

100[67]

Otokar Ural -   Turkey Armoured patrol vehicle N/A[73]
Shorland S55   Turkey

  United Kingdom

Armoured Patrol vehicle 100[74]
FNSS PARS     Turkey Armoured fighting vehicle PARS SCOUT 0/5 Expected delivery of 5 AFV.[75]
TOMA[70]     Turkey Armoured vehicle N/A Community Incident Intervention Vehicle.
Dragoon     United States Amphibious Armoured fighting vehicle Dragoon 300 150[76]
Engineering vehicle
MEMATT -   Turkey Demining vehicle 0/2 2 on order[77]
Aircraft
Beechcraft Super King Air[78][79]     United States Light transport/

Reconnaissance aircraft

B350ISR[80] 3[81] 3 B350ISR are leased.[82]

Used by Gendarmerie Aviation Command[79]

Cessna C-680     United States Light transport aircraft C-680[83] 1[84]
AQUILA A212     Germany Light aircraft/Trainer aircraft A212 1[85] New variant in use.[86]
TAI Hürkuş     Turkey Light attack Hürkuş-C Planned acquisition.[87]
Helicopters
TAI/AgustaWestland T129 ATAK     Turkey
  Italy		 Attack helicopter T-129B 13[88] 24 in total planned.[89]
Sikorsky-S70 Black Hawk  

 

  United States
  Turkey		 Medium Transport/Utility helicopter S-70A-D28 12[90] Avionics upgraded by ASELSAN.
S-70i 2[91]
T-70 4/33[92] 33 T-70 ordered.[93][94]
TAI T625 Gökbey     Turkey Light Transport/Utility Helicopter T625 3/20 It will replace UH-1 Huey helicopters.

20 total ordered. First batch : 3 in inventory.[95][96][97]

UH-1 Huey     United States Utility helicopter/Transport AB-205A 10[74][98] Avionics upgraded by ASELSAN.
Mil Mi-17     Russia Transport/Utility helicopter Mi-17 IVA 18[74] Avionics upgraded by ASELSAN. Upgraded with night vision system.[99]
Gyrocopter
Autogyro Cavalon     Germany Reconnaissance/Surveillance 3[100] 6 more planned.[101]
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
TAI Anka     Turkey UCAV Anka S 8[102][103] Elazig Gendarmerie UAV command[104][105]
Bayraktar TB2   TB2 18[106]
STM KARGU[107]   Loitering munition Kargu-2 N/A
Baykar Bayraktar Mini   Miniature UAV C
UÇBEY[108] - VTOL UAV
Black Hornet Nano[109]     Norway Micro-UAV PD-100 Black Hornet

Additional info : Gendarmerie also acquired 130 basic and 5 professional Micro UAV systems.[110]

Planned acquisition : Planned acquisition of new liaison and utility aircraft.[110] Planned acquisition of 10 + 5 optional training aircraft.[111]

Surface Combatant

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Boat
Name Origin Quantity Type Details
ASBOT KN-35   Turkey 10[112] Security Boat ASBOT KN-35 boats were designed and developed by ASFAT A.Ş. for the units belonging to the Gendarmerie General Command.[113]

Retired/Reserve

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[1] Archived 2023-04-05 at the Wayback Machine

Vehicles : Otokar Akrep - 250+, BTR-60 - 180, BTR-80 - 295, Condor - 25

[2][3]

Aircraft : Cessna O-1E Bird Dog, Dornier Do-28D - 2

Helicopters : Bell 212 - 1, Bell 206 - 8


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List of commanders

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Main article: List of general commanders of the Turkish Gendarmerie

See also

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Notes

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References

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