Wikipedia

Islamic University of Gaza

(Redirected from The Islamic University in Gaza)
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 December 2024.

The Islamic University of Gaza (Arabic: الجامعة الإسلامية بغزة), also known as IUG and IU Gaza, is an independent Palestinian university established in 1978 in Gaza City.[2] It was the first higher education institution to be established in the Gaza Strip.[2] The university has 11 faculties capable of awarding BA, BSc, MA, MSc, MD, PhD, diplomas and higher diplomas,[2][3] in addition to 20 research centers and institutes and the affiliated Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital.[2][4]

Islamic University of Gaza
الجامعة الإسلامية غزة
Luhaidan Building
TypePublic
Established1978; 46 years ago (1978)
Academic staff
307
Students17,874[1]
Undergraduates16,212
Postgraduates1,662
Location
Gaza, Gaza Strip
,
Palestine
Colors   White and green
Websitewww.iugaza.edu.ps

The Islamic University of Gaza is a member of twelve regional and international associations and networks of higher education,[5] including the International Association of Universities (IAU),[6] Mediterranean Universities Union (UNIMED),[7] Association of Arab Universities (AAU),[8] Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World (FUIW),[9] Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean Academic Network (BSEMAN),[10] and the Global University Network for Innovation-GUNi.[11]

The Islamic University suffered damage in air strikes during the 2008–2009 Gaza war, the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, and the Israel–Hamas war.[12][13] In December 2023, Professor Sufyan Tayeh, the university's president and a prominent scientist, was killed along with his family in an Israeli air strike on Jabalia refugee camp.[14][15]

Students at Islamic University

History

edit
 
A copy of IUG foundation document, IUG museum (2023)

No universities or higher education institutions existed in the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip until 1972.[16][17] Before then, Palestinian high school graduates sought higher education abroad, mostly in Egyptian and Jordanian universities. However, travel restrictions after the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip in 1967, economic problems, and quotas on the admission of Palestinian students to Arab universities changed this situation.[18] Initiatives by local elders and community leaders were set in motion to establish higher education institutions, often on the grounds of existing schools and colleges.[18]

 
Sheikh Mohammed Awwad (second from the right), chairman of the IUG board of trustees, during a graduation ceremony (1986)

Sheikh Mohammad Awwad, then head of the Gaza Chapter of the Azhari Institute, led the Islamic University's founding committee. On 12 April 1978, the committee announced the opening of three faculties: Sharia, Usool-Deen, and Arabic Language (which later evolved into the Faculty of Arts).[19] The university was inaugurated in November 1978 as an independent, nonprofit, gender-segregated university. It was the first higher education institution in the Gaza Strip.[20] The Faculty of Education was founded in 1980 and the Faculties of Commerce and Arts, the following year. The Faculties of Nursing and Engineering were founded in 1993. In 2005, the Faculty of Information Technology was founded, followed by the Faculty of Medicine in 2006.[19]

Chairmen of the IUG Board of Trustees
Name Service Years
Mohammad Awwad 1978-1994
Jamal Al-Khoudari 1994-2014
Nasr al-Din Al-Muzaini 2014-2022
Mohammad Al-Aklouk 2022 - To date

The Islamic University, perceived by Palestinians as a symbol of their political and nation-building efforts, was subject to various restrictions imposed by Israel.[18] The establishment of the Faculty of Nursing, was held up until 1993 and it took time to obtain building permits. The academic freedom of the university was restricted and staff movement was limited by Military Order 854. The university was granted a temporary license that required annual renewal, and it was denied tax exemptions.[18][21]

Campus

edit
 
 
The main campus in Gaza city.
 
The Al Zahra campus (Faculty of Medicine and the Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital).

The Islamic University of Gaza is considered a large university (uniRank enrollment range: 15,000-19,999 students).[22] The main campus is located in Gaza City, with branch campuses in Khan Yunis in the southern Gaza Strip and Al Zahra in the middle of Gaza Strip. The total area of the three campuses is 325,817 square meters (32.5817 hectares; 80.511 acres). The Al Zahra campus is home to the Faculty of Medicine and the Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital.[22][17]

Academics

edit

The Islamic University of Gaza is home to eleven faculties:[23]

Faculty of Arts

edit

The faculty was established in 1978 as the Arabic Language Department, which later expanded into the Faculty of Arts. It comprises over 40 academics and professors in six departments: Arabic language, English language, geography, journalism and media, social services, and history and archaeology.[24]

Faculty of Education

edit

Established in 1980, the faculty grants bachelor's degrees in 15 majors different majors, including primary education (elementary level), psychology, Counselling and education guidance, science education, Islamic studies education, Arabic language education, English language education, geography education, social studies education, history education, chemistry education, mathematics education, physics education, and biology education.

The faculty awards a Master of Arts degrees in four majors: Curricula and Methodology, Fundamentals of Education, Rehabilitation Sciences, and Early Childhood Education. The faculty also awards PhD degrees in four majors: Curricula and Methodology, Guidance and Counselling, Community Psychology, and Educational Administration.[25]

Faculty of Shariah and Law

edit

Founded in 1978, the faculty consists of the Islamic Shariah and Shariah & Law departments (the later was founded in 2005). It awards bachelor's degrees in Sharia and Sharia & Law, with the latter focusing on legal aspects and the Intersection of Islam and Palestinian laws. The faculty awards Masters of Arts degrees in four majors: Foundations of Jurisprudence, Comparative Jurisprudence, Islamic jurisdiction, and Law.[26]

Faculty of Usul al-Deen

edit

The Faculty of Usul al-Deen (Fundamentals of Belief) was founded in 1978 as one of the three faculties at the year of IUG establishment. It consists of four departments: Quran and Tafsir (interpretation), Hadith Sharif, Aqidah, and Dawat. The faculty awards bachelor's degrees in Usul al-Deen and Dawat. It awards Master of Arts degrees in the majors of Hadith, Aqidah, and Quran & Tafsir. It also awards PhD degrees in the majors of Quran and Tafsir (interpretation), Hadith Sharif, Aqidah.[27]

Faculty of Engineering

edit

The Faculty of Engineering was established in the academic year 1992/1993. The faculty consists of eight departments in Civil engineering, Architectural engineering, Electrical Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Environmental engineering, Computer engineering, and Systems engineering.

The faculty grants bachelor's degrees in ten majors. It also awards MSc degrees in 14 different majors, including civil engineering/infrastructure, civil engineering/construction management, civil engineering/structure design and rehabilitation of structures, electrical engineering/control systems, water resources engineering, telecommunications, and others. The faculty offers a single PhD program in computer engineering.

In 2009, the faculty inaugurated the Ewan (Iwan) Cultural Heritage Centre which is focused on the restoration and maintenance of ancient buildings in the Gaza Strip and preservation of Palestinian cultural identity.[28] In 2020, the faculty established the Center of Excellence for Renewable Energy (CERE) to promote research and development in clean energy technology.[29]

Faculty of Nursing

edit

The Faculty of Nursing was established in 1986. It offers bachelor's degrees in nursing and in midwifery. It also awards MSc degrees in clinical psychology and critical care nursing.[30]

Faculty of Science

edit

The faculty was established in 1980. It awards bachelor's degrees in mathematics, biostatistics, chemistry, biochemistry, physics, biology, biotechnology, and environmental sciences. It also awards MSc degrees in the following majors: mathematics, physics, water resources management, zoology, microbiology, medical laboratory, and botany and mycology. The faculty also has a PhD program in theoretical and applied mathematics.[31]

Faculty of Health Sciences

edit

Established in 2012, the Faculty consists of three departments: medical laboratory science, physiotherapy, and optometry department. These departments offer bachelor's degrees in their respective specialties. The department of medical laboratory science also grants MCs degrees in medical laboratory sciences and in infection control. The molecular biology laboratory is one of very few local centers that offer genetic testing to the public.[32][33]

Faculty of Finance and Administrative Sciences

edit

Founded in 1980, the faculty offers nine bachelor programs, including accounting, accounting (in English), business administration, business administration (in English), banking and finance, economics and applied statistics, and e-commerce. It awards Master of Arts degrees in two majors: accounting and finance, and business administration. The business administration program has the following concentrations: human resource management, marketing management, and financial management.[34]

Faculty of Information Technology

edit

The Faculty of Information Technology (IT) was founded in the academic year 2004/2005. It consists of five departments: Computer Science, Information Technology, Software Development, Multimedia Technology and Web Development, and Mobile Computing and Smart Devices Applications. It awards bachelor's degrees in the five majors, and Master of Science degrees in two majors: Data Science and Software Engineering.[35]

Faculty of Medicine

edit

The faculty was inaugurated in 2006, and the first class graduated in 2012. Admission into the faculty is based on applicants' achievement scores in the high school national matriculation exam (Tawjihi). Study extends over six years, comprising three years of medical sciences and three in clinical training. Medical graduates are awarded a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree. The faculty is listed in the World Directory of Medical Schools and the Foundation of International Medical Education Directory (FAIMER). It is also recognized by the UK General Medical Council (GMC).[36]

In addition to the M.D. program, the faculty grants post-graduate diplomas in Child Health and Nutrition for Physicians (DCHN), Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Vascular Surgery, in addition to a Masters of Science program in Disaster Management for Health Professionals which is a shared program with the Faculty of Health Sciences.[37]

The Faculty also is a recognized regional test center for the International Foundations of Medicine (IFOM) exams.[38] In 2016, the Faculty of Medicine established The Hayat Center for Emergency and Crisis Management, which offers training courses in emergency medicine and crisis management to medical and health science students and healthcare staff from the different governmental and non-governmental institutions.[39]

Rankings

edit
IUG Rankings[17][22][40]
Category Rank Year Ranking
Global Impact Rankings 601–800th 2023 Times Higher Education
Arab University Impact Rankings 91-100th 2023 Times Higher Education
Overall percentile 75th 2023 Scimago Institutions Rankings
Research percentile 57th 2023 Scimago Institutions Rankings
Innovation percentile 87th 2023 Scimago Institutions Rankings
Societal percentile 60th 2023 Scimago Institutions Rankings
Country rank 4th 2022 UniRank
World rank 2542 2022 UniRank

Memberships and affiliations

edit

IUG is a member of twelve regional and international associations and networks of higher education:[22]

  • Anna Lindh Euro-Mediterranean Foundation
  • Association of Arab Universities (AAU)
  • Community of Mediterranean Universities (CMU)
  • Eurasian Universities Union (EURAS)
  • Euro-Mediterranean Universities Consortium TETHYS
  • Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World (FUIW)
  • International Association of Universities (IAU)
  • Mediterranean Universities Union (UNIMED)
  • Peace Programme
  • Réseau Méditerranéen des Ecoles d'Ingénieurs (RMEI)
  • The Euro-Mediterranean University (EMUNI)
  • Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean Academic Network (BSEMAN)

The university has also developed partnerships with 142 higher education institutions around the world.[17]

Donor institutions

edit

The university has accepted donations from the Middle East Children's Alliance for its rebuilding efforts.[41] Other donors are the Arab Student Aid International, United Palestinian Appeal, Islamic Relief, the British Council, the World Bank, USAID,[42] the Islamic Development Bank and Human Appeal International.[citation needed]

February 2007 incident

edit

In February 2007, during the height of fighting between Hamas and Fatah, the dominating party in the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the Palestinian Authority (PA) Presidential Guards and Fatah militiamen stormed the Islamic University campus using mortars and rocket-propelled grenades, setting the library building and parts of the computer center and science building on fire.[43][44][45]

Damage by Israeli air strikes

edit

Just after midnight on 28/29 December 2008 local time, the university was bombed in six air strikes by the Israeli Air Force during the 2008 Gaza War. The attack destroyed a number of important buildings including 74 labs used by science and engineering students and the Biology Exhibition, which had contained an archive of regional biodiversity and historical specimens.[41][46]

An Israeli army spokeswoman told The Chronicle of Higher Education that university facilities were being used by Hamas to develop and store weapons including Qassam rockets used to target Israeli civilians. Hamas denied the Israeli allegation.[47][48] Human Rights Watch said that Israel's justification "did not address why a second strike demolished the women's quarters".[49] The United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict examined the incident and disputed the Israeli claims, concluding that: "the mission also saw the destruction caused at the Islamic University and in other university buildings that were destroyed or damaged. These were civilian, educational buildings and the Mission did not find any information about their use as a military facility or their contribution to a military effort that might have made them a legitimate target in the eyes of the Israeli armed forces."[50]

In its response to the strike, the university announced in a press release on January 21, 2009, that the university is an independent institution of higher education in Gaza and the largest among the Palestinian institutions, serving 20,000 students as an accredited member of several regional and international academic associations and organization. According to the press release, the attack destroyed the Science and Engineering buildings and damaged several others. The university called upon academics, local, regional and international higher educational and human rights institutions to speak out against the attacks.[51]

Several international academic institutions have proceeded to express their commitment to support IUG and other universities in Gaza. The International Association of Universities, of which IUG is a member, has claimed to have written to the university to express its deep concern over the effects of the war, and to be ready to mobilize its member universities in support of the rebuilding efforts of the university. Similarly, Prof. Espen Bjertness of the University of Oslo and member of the Steering Committee of PEACE,[52] stressed that “the sad situation for all academics caused by the bombing of our member university, Islamic University, Gaza and of the Gaza Community Mental Health Program calls for appropriate action”.[53]

The university was bombed again during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, where on August 2, an Israeli airstrike targeted the administration building, causing severe damage to the building and to nearby buildings and the university's mosque.[54] The Israeli army claimed it targeted a "weapon development" centre in the university, which the university denied.[12][54] The bombing came a day after what became known as the "black Friday", one of the deadliest episodes of the war.[55]

The university's Gaza City campus was bombed and its buildings destroyed on the night of 10 October 2023 during the opening week of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war.[56][57] Israeli forces alleged that the university had served as a "training institution for the development and production of weapons."[58] The neighboring Al-Azhar University campus was also bombed during the same night.[56]

Relationship with Hamas

edit

According to the Chronicle of Higher Education, Islamic University was co-founded by one of the future founders of Hamas, Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, in 1978.[59] In June 1996, then-Congressman Chuck Schumer argued that the Islamic University of Gaza was "known as a Hamas bastion."[60]

Samar Sabih, considered Hamas's first female bombmaker, was recruited while studying at IUG in 2003, according to Israeli security officials.[61]

In 2006, Jameela El Shanty, a professor at the university, said that "Hamas built this institution. The university presents the philosophy of Hamas. If you want to know what Hamas is, you can know it from the university."[62]

The Washington Institute for Near East Policy wrote in a piece on USAID funding of organisations with possible links to terrorism that connections exist between the university and Hamas.[63] The U.S. Office of the Inspector General said in a 2007 audit of U.S. assistance to Palestinian universities that the IUG has been vetted eight times between 2002 and 2007, concluding that "the vetting did not reveal information that would preclude the awards from proceeding".[42]

Steven Erlanger, former Jerusalem bureau chief of the New York Times, described the IUG as "one of the prime means for Hamas to convert Palestinians to its Islamist cause," in a 2007 piece about Palestinian infighting and Israeli airstrikes on the Gaza Strip.[64] This report was criticised by political economist Sara Roy of Harvard University, who stated that "there can be no question that Hamas works within the framework of Islamic institutions in the Gaza Strip, and that there are certain direct links between Hamas and many of the social and economic institutions (in the strip). ... However, it is far more questionable whether an automatic and inevitable link exists between Hamas and Islamic social and economic institutions, whether those links are inherently subversive, or whether such institutions promote radicalism and violence as is commonly assumed." Roy also wrote: "logic maintains, institutional clients become automatically linked to Hamas and constitute a base of support for political Islam. As a result, Islamic social institutions become recruiting centers for the Hamas's military wing. There is however, little hard evidence to support any of these allegations."[65]

Arguing against such ties with Hamas were Marcy Newman and Akram Habeeb, who wrote for the Middle East Children's Alliance in 2009: "equally important for our American colleagues is to remove the false label that IUG is a 'Hamas-controlled' institution. Just as Palestinians in Gaza belong to a variety of political parties, IUG's students, board, faculty and staff represent that reality. IUG is a university like any other in the Palestinian Territories that reflects the diversity of its population."[citation needed]

In 2010, journalist Thanassis Cambanis wrote in the Boston Globe that the university was "the brain trust and the engine room of Hamas".[66]

In October 2023, the Israeli military accused Hamas of turning the university "into a training camp for weapons development and military intelligence."[67]

Notable faculty

edit

Notable alumni

edit
Main page: Category:Islamic University of Gaza alumni
edit
  • Selected images of IUG campuses over the past 15 years
  •  
    Official IUG logo
  •  
    Al-Quds building (Main building of the School of Engineering)
  •  
    Abdulkareem Liheedan building (arts building, females)
  •  
    Main conference hall
  •  
    The Faculty of Medicine and the affiliated Palestinian-Turkish Friendship Hospital buildings south of Gaza city (southern view).
  •  
    The Faculty of Medicine and the affiliated Palestinian-Turkish Friendship Hospital buildings south of Gaza city (northern view).
  •  
    A panoramic view of the IUG campus taken from atop the conference hall building. The administration building (center), the mosque (left), the cafeteria and Taiba buildings (right) are seen.
  •  
    Administration building as seen in 2021.
  •  
    IUG campus top view
  •  
    The science (center) and library (left) buildings as seen in from the western direction.
  •  
    The conference hall (right) and the continuous education building (left) can be seen.
  •  
    IUG Faculty of Medicine building is seen from the east.

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ "About IUG". The Islamic University Gaza. Archived from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d "Islamic University of Gaza". Times Higher Education (THE). 12 November 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  3. ^ "About IUG – الجامعة الإسلامية بغزة". Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  4. ^ "Islamic University Takes Up the Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital – الجامعة الإسلامية بغزة". Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  5. ^ "Islamic University of Gaza is a permanent member of Global University Network for Innovation – الجامعة الإسلامية بغزة". Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  6. ^ "List of IAU Members - IAU". www.iau-aiu.net. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  7. ^ "Adherents". Cmungo (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  8. ^ "اتحاد الجامعات العربية". www.aaru.edu.jo. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  9. ^ "Islamic University of Gaza". Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2009.
  10. ^ Admin, Bseman. "Members". Bseman. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  11. ^ "Institutional members". Guni Network. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  12. ^ a b "Israel strikes university in Gaza City". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  13. ^ "Watch: Israel Strikes the Islamic University of Gaza". www.wsj.com. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  14. ^ a b "Israeli air strike in Gaza kills prominent scientist Sufyan Tayeh, Palestinian ministry says". Reuters. 3 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  15. ^ "Gaza university president killed in Israeli air strike". Times Higher Education (THE). 4 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  16. ^ Angrist, Joshua D. (1995). "The Economic Returns to Schooling in the West Bank and Gaza Strip". The American Economic Review. 85 (5): 1065–1087. ISSN 0002-8282. JSTOR 2950975.
  17. ^ a b c d "Islamic University of Gaza". Times Higher Education (THE). 12 November 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  18. ^ a b c d "PIJ.ORG: Palestinian University Education under Occupation By Gabi Baramki". PIJ.ORG. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  19. ^ a b "لمحة تاريخية – الجامعة الإسلامية بغزة" (in Arabic). Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  20. ^ "Islamic University of Gaza". Top Universities. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  21. ^ ASSAF, Said (1997). "Educational disruption and recovery in Palestine" (PDF). UNESCO International Bureau of Education. pp. 57–58.
  22. ^ a b c d "Islamic University of Gaza | Ranking & Review". www.4icu.org. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  23. ^ "Islamic University of Gaza :: Faculties". www.iugaza.edu.ps. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  24. ^ "نبذة تعريفية – كلية الآداب" (in Arabic). Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  25. ^ "كلية التربية – الجامعة الإسلامية بغزة" (in Arabic). Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  26. ^ "كلية الشريعة والقانون | الجامعة الإسلامية بغزة – الجامعة الإسلامية بغزة" (in Arabic). Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  27. ^ "كلية أصول الدين – الجامعة الإسلامية بغزة" (in Arabic). Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  28. ^ "Funded by Prince Claus Institution, IUG Opens Ewan Center and Arabesque Permanent Exhibition – الجامعة الإسلامية بغزة". Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  29. ^ "Mission – Center of Excellence for Renewable Energy". Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  30. ^ "نبذة تعريفية – كلية التمريض" (in Arabic). Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  31. ^ "نبذة تعريفية – كلية العلوم" (in Arabic). Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  32. ^ "مركزالوراثة الجزيئية – كلية العلوم الصحية" (in Arabic). Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  33. ^ "كلمة العميد – كلية العلوم الصحية" (in Arabic). Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  34. ^ "نبذة عن الكلية – كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم الإدارية" (in Arabic). Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  35. ^ "كلية تكنولوجيا المعلومات – الجامعة الإسلامية بغزة". Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  36. ^ "Islamic University of Gaza :: Faculty of Medicine > Faculty > Accreditations and Partnerships". medicine.iugaza.edu.ps. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  37. ^ "Academic Study > Post-graduate Diplomas". medicine.iugaza.edu.ps. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  38. ^ "About the IFOM Center – كلية الطب". Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  39. ^ "Hayat Center for Emergency and Crisis Management – كلية الطب". Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  40. ^ "Islamic University of Gaza Ranking". www.scimagoir.com. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  41. ^ a b Akram Habeeb and Marcy Newman (16 February 2009). "Rebuilding the Islamic University of Gaza". Electronic Intifada.
  42. ^ a b OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL (10 December 2007). "AUDIT OF USAID/WEST BANK AND GAZA'S ASSISTANCE TO AL-QUDS UNIVERSITY, THE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY IN GAZA, AND AMERICAN NEAR EAST REFUGEE AID" (PDF). usaid.gov. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  43. ^ "Chronological Review of Events/February 2007 - DPR review". Question of Palestine. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  44. ^ Myre, Greg (3 February 2007). "17 Die as Fatah-Hamas Warfare Spreads". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  45. ^ "Along the Lines of the Bloodiest Israeli Incursions: 29 Palestinians Killed and more than 200 Injured in Renewed Internal Clashes". Palestinian Centre for Human Rights. 4 February 2007. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  46. ^ Abd Rabou, A. N. "The Palestinian marine and terrestrial vertebrate fauna preserved at the Biology Exhibition, Islamic University of Gaza, bombarded by the Israeli Army in December, 2008." Israa University Journal of Applied Science (IUGAS) 4.1 (2020): 9-51. doi:10.52865/HFRS6095
  47. ^ "IRAN'S GAZA GOONS CAUGHT AT HELM OF BOMB FACTORY," by ANDY SOLTIS with Post Wire Services, New York Post, 2007-02-03 [1] Archived 2008-12-04 at the Wayback Machine
  48. ^ Jerusalem Post, 2008-12-29, IAF bombs Islamic University's R&D labs, By YAAKOV KATZ [2][permanent dead link‍]
  49. ^ "Israel/Gaza: Civilians Must Not Be Targets". Human Rights Watch. 30 December 2008. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  50. ^ "United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict". Archived from the original on 7 June 2009.
  51. ^ "Islamic University of Gaza". Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2009.
  52. ^ "P.E.A.C.E. Programme". Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  53. ^ "P.E.A.C.E. Programme". Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  54. ^ a b "Israeli Airstrikes Target Gaza's Islamic University". www.wsj.com. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  55. ^ "'Black Friday': Carnage in Rafah during 2014 Israel/Gaza conflict". blackfriday.amnesty.org. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  56. ^ a b "Israel bombs Gaza university, alleging use by military". University World News. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  57. ^ a b c Silva, Chantal Da; Salam, Yasmine; Mulligan, Matthew; Britton, Bianca (4 April 2024). "Class destroyed: The rise and ruin of Gaza's revered universities". NBC News. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  58. ^ "Islamic University of Gaza Targeted in Israeli Airstrike". Yahoo News. 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  59. ^ December 29, 2008, "Israeli Airstrikes in Gaza Destroy 2 University Buildings," Chronicle of Higher Education [3] Archived 2012-10-13 at the Wayback Machine
  60. ^ "Congressional Record, Volume 142 Issue 87". govinfo.gov. 13 June 1996.
  61. ^ Shaked, Ronny (27 October 2005). "Hamas' pregnant bomb maker". Ynet News. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  62. ^ "Is Gaza's Islamic University an Educational Institution Academics Should Be Defending?". History News Network.
  63. ^ August 24, 2007, "Better Late Than Never: Keeping USAID funds out of terrorist hands", Washington Institute for Near East Policy [4] Archived 2007-10-07 at the Wayback Machine
  64. ^ "Gaza is hit with more Israeli airstrikes," by Steven Erlanger, New York Times, May 18, 2007 [5] Archived 2016-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
  65. ^ Sara Roy, Failing Peace, 2007, Pluto Press: London
  66. ^ Israel Denial; Anti-Zionism, Anti-Semitism, & the Faculty Campaign Against the Jewish State, 2019.
  67. ^ "Hamas Releases Fourth Hostage Group, Truce Deal Extended by Two Days". The Wall Street Journal. 27 November 2023.
  68. ^ "Recent Advances in Graphene Nanophotonics (Advanced Structured Materials #190) | mitpressbookstore". mitpressbookstore.mit.edu. 21 May 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  69. ^ Tessler, Mark (24 March 2009). A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Second Edition. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-01346-0.
  70. ^ Weisner, Benjamin (22 July 1998). "Appeal Lost By Inmate Who Refuses To Testify". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
  71. ^ Mapping the Organizational Sources of the Global Delegitimization Campaign Against Israel in the UK
  72. ^ https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/hamas-leader-dies-in-air-strike-as-israeli-troops-gather-at-border-1.860065 [bare URL]
  73. ^ Whitaker, Brian (22 August 2003). "Pragmatist whose two-state solution cut no ice with Israel". The Guardian.
  74. ^ Toameh, Khaled Abu (8 August 2014). "Hamas Executes One of Its Leaders - Then Blames Israel". Gatestone Institute.
  75. ^ "Israeli forces battle Hamas in Gaza refugee camp as deal to free hostages appears close". PBS NewsHour. 21 November 2023.
  76. ^ https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/pbei/winep/0017495/f_0017495_14978.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  77. ^ The Foreign Policy of Hamas; Ideology, Decision Making and Political Supremacy
  78. ^ Beaumont, Peter (14 November 2012). "Ahmed al-Jabari: the Hamas 'general' who kept out of the limelight". The Guardian.
  79. ^ "Female Palestine teacher wins Global Teacher Award 2020". Middle East Monitor. 7 November 2020. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
  80. ^ "Yehya Ibrahim Sinwar - Ezzedeen Al-Qassam Brigades". 2 September 2016. Archived from the original on 2 September 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  81. ^ Burke, Jason (21 November 2023). "Yahya Sinwar: the man who may hold key to release of Gaza hostages". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  82. ^ McCarthy, Rory (20 June 2007). "Hamas ready for dialogue with Fatah". The Guardian.
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Islamic University of Gaza.

31°30′47.23″N 34°26′25.64″E / 31.5131194°N 34.4404556°E / 31.5131194; 34.4404556

Retrieved from "https://en.wiki.x.io/w/index.php?title=Islamic_University_of_Gaza&oldid=1262952721"