The Srinagar District is an administrative district of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region.[1] It is one of the 20 districts of Jammu and Kashmir. Situated in the centre of the Kashmir Valley, it is the second-most populous district of the union territory after Jammu District as per the 2011 national census,[5] and is home to the summer capital city of Srinagar (with the city of Jammu serving as the territory's winter capital).[6] Likewise, the city of Srinagar also serves as the Srinagar District's headquarters.
Srinagar District | |
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 Interactive map of Srinagar district | |
![Srinagar district is in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region[1] It is in the Kashmir division (bordered in neon blue).](/wiki/File:Kashmir_region._LOC_2003626427_-_showing_Kashmir_division_administered_by_India_in_neon_blue.jpg) Srinagar district is in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region[1] It is in the Kashmir division (bordered in neon blue). | |
| Coordinates (Srinagar): 34°05′N 74°50′E / 34.083°N 74.833°E | |
| Administering country | India |
| Union territory | Jammu and Kashmir |
| Headquarters | Srinagar |
| Tehsils |
|
| Government | |
| • District Magistrate | Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat(IAS) |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,979 km2 (764 sq mi) |
| Population (2011)[2] | |
• Total | 1,250,173 |
| • Density | 630/km2 (1,600/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Kashmiri, Urdu, Hindi, Dogri, English[3][4] |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| Literacy | 69.41% |
| Website | http://srinagar.nic.in/ |
Administration
editSrinagar district has 2 Sub-Divisions i.e. Srinagar West and Srinagar East.
7 Tehsils are:
- Central Shalteng
- Chanapora/ Natipora
- Eidgah
- Khanyar
- Pantha chowk
- Srinagar North
- Srinagar South.
- Harwan
- Qammerwari
- Khonmoh
- Srinagar
These blocks consist of a number of panchayats and villages.
Politics
editSrinagar District has 1 parliamentary constituency i.e. Srinagar and 8 assembly constituencies:
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 184,676 | — |
| 1911 | 204,583 | +10.8% |
| 1921 | 223,223 | +9.1% |
| 1931 | 255,778 | +14.6% |
| 1941 | 291,522 | +14.0% |
| 1951 | 333,554 | +14.4% |
| 1961 | 375,587 | +12.6% |
| 1971 | 489,042 | +30.2% |
| 1981 | 608,244 | +24.4% |
| 1991 | 789,450 | +29.8% |
| 2001 | 1,027,670 | +30.2% |
| 2011 | 1,236,829 | +20.4% |
| † 1951 and 1991 populations are estimated Source: [9] | ||
According to the 2011 census Srinagar district has a population of 1,236,829,[5] roughly equal to the nation of Estonia[12] or the US state of New Hampshire.[13] This gives it a ranking of 381st in India (out of a total of 640).[5] The district has a population density of 703 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,820/sq mi).[5] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 20.35%.[5] Srinagar has a sex ratio of 900 females for every 1,000 males[5] (this varies with religion), and a literacy rate of 69.41%.[5]
| Srinagar district: Religion, gender ratio, and % urban of population, according to the 2011 Census.[10] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muslim | Hindu | Christian | Sikh | Buddhist | Jain | Other | Not stated | Total | |
| Total | 1,177,342 | 42,540 | 2,746 | 12,187 | 285 | 74 | 2 | 1,653 | 1,236,829 |
| 95.19% | 3.44% | 0.22% | 0.99% | 0.02% | 0.01% | 0.00% | 0.13% | 100.00% | |
| Male | 605,244 | 35,952 | 1,771 | 6,975 | 171 | 39 | 1 | 998 | 651,124 |
| Female | 572,098 | 6515 | 975 | 5,212 | 114 | 35 | 1 | 655 | 585,705 |
| Gender ratio (% female) | 48.6% | 15.6% | 35.5% | 42.8% | 40.0% | 47.3% | 50.0% | 39.6% | 47.4% |
| Sex ratio (no. of females per 1,000 males) |
945 | 184 | 551 | 747 | – | – | – | 656 | 900 |
| Urban | 1,160,071 | 42,513 | 2,743 | 12,185 | 285 | 74 | 2 | 1,643 | 1,219,516 |
| Rural | 17,271 | 27 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 17,313 |
| % Urban | 98.5% | 99.9% | 99.9% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 99.4% | 98.6% |
At the time of the 2011 census, 94.13% of the population spoke Kashmiri and 1.88% Urdu as their first language.[11] Most of the Kashmiris can speak Urdu.[6]
Weather
edit| Climate data for Srinagar (1893–2024) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.2 (66.6) |
21.1 (70.0) |
29.7 (85.5) |
32.4 (90.3) |
36.4 (97.5) |
38.3 (100.9) |
41.3 (106.3) |
39.5 (103.1) |
37.8 (100.0) |
34.2 (93.6) |
28.3 (82.9) |
20.7 (69.3) |
41.3 (106.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.3 (50.5) |
13.2 (55.8) |
19.1 (66.4) |
24.4 (75.9) |
27.3 (81.1) |
32.8 (91.0) |
33.7 (92.7) |
33.4 (92.1) |
32.5 (90.5) |
25.7 (78.3) |
18.8 (65.8) |
13.1 (55.6) |
23.7 (74.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.7 (28.4) |
1.3 (34.3) |
6.2 (43.2) |
10.4 (50.7) |
13.3 (55.9) |
18.7 (65.7) |
20.7 (69.3) |
20.1 (68.2) |
18.4 (65.1) |
9.8 (49.6) |
3.7 (38.7) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
10.0 (49.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −13.4 (7.9) |
−20 (−4) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
2.7 (36.9) |
4.1 (39.4) |
10.3 (50.5) |
13.8 (56.8) |
13.5 (56.3) |
8.2 (46.8) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
−20 (−4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 48 (1.9) |
68 (2.7) |
121 (4.8) |
85 (3.3) |
68 (2.7) |
39 (1.5) |
62 (2.4) |
76 (3.0) |
28 (1.1) |
33 (1.3) |
28 (1.1) |
54 (2.1) |
710 (27.9) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.6 | 7.3 | 10.2 | 8.8 | 8.1 | 5.7 | 7.9 | 6.8 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 5.1 | 75.6 |
| Source: HKO[14] | |||||||||||||
Places of worship
edit- Jamia Ahlehadees Markazi Masjid Madina Chowk Gow Kadal
- Hazratbal Shrine
- Jamia Masjid, Srinagar, one of the oldest mosques in Kashmir
- Shah-i-Hamadan Mosque
- Shrine of Makhdoom Sahib
- Shankaracharya temple, possibly the oldest shrine in Kashmir
- Khanqah-e-Moula
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the tertiary sources (a) through (d), reflecting due weight in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (f) through (h) below, "held" is also considered politicized usage, as is the term "occupied," (see (i) below).
(a) Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 15 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories.";
(b) Pletcher, Kenneth, Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 16 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state.";
(c) "Kashmir", Encyclopedia Americana, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2006, p. 328, ISBN 978-0-7172-0139-6 C. E Bosworth, University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partlv by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947";
(d) Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003), Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191–, ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5 Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute betw een India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China."
(e) Talbot, Ian (2016), A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas, Yale University Press, pp. 28–29, ISBN 978-0-300-19694-8 Quote: "We move from a disputed international border to a dotted line on the map that represents a military border not recognized in international law. The line of control separates the Indian and Pakistani administered areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir.";
(f) Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 15 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "... China became active in the eastern area of Kashmir in the 1950s and has controlled the northeastern part of Ladakh (the easternmost portion of the region) since 1962.";
(g) Bose, Sumantra (2009), Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace, Harvard University Press, pp. 294, 291, 293, ISBN 978-0-674-02855-5 Quote: "J&K: Jammu and Kashmir. The former princely state that is the subject of the Kashmir dispute. Besides IJK (Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir. The larger and more populous part of the former princely state. It has a population of slightly over 10 million, and comprises three regions: Kashmir Valley, Jammu, and Ladakh.) and AJK ('Azad" (Free) Jammu and Kashmir. The more populous part of Pakistani-controlled J&K, with a population of approximately 2.5 million. AJK has six districts: Muzaffarabad, Mirpur, Bagh, Kodi, Rawalakot, and Poonch. Its capital is the town of Muzaffarabad. AJK has its own institutions, but its political life is heavily controlled by Pakistani authorities, especially the military), it includes the sparsely populated "Northern Areas" of Gilgit and Baltistan, remote mountainous regions which are directly administered, unlike AJK, by the Pakistani central authorities, and some high-altitude uninhabitable tracts under Chinese control."
(h) Fisher, Michael H. (2018), An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge University Press, p. 166, ISBN 978-1-107-11162-2 Quote: "Kashmir’s identity remains hotly disputed with a UN-supervised “Line of Control” still separating Pakistani-held Azad (“Free”) Kashmir from Indian-held Kashmir.";
(i) Snedden, Christopher (2015), Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris, Oxford University Press, p. 10, ISBN 978-1-84904-621-3 Quote:"Some politicised terms also are used to describe parts of J&K. These terms include the words 'occupied' and 'held'." - ^ "Srinagar District". 24 November 2020.
- ^ "The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 27 September 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ "Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020". Rising Kashmir. 23 September 2020. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- ^ a b 2011 census J&K
- ^ [1], Srinagar District, Jammu and Kashmir.
- ^ "ERO's and AERO's". CEO JK. Chief Electoral Officer, Jammu and Kashmir.
- ^ "A-2 Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901". Censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
- ^ a b c C-1 Population By Religious Community – Jammu & Kashmir (Report). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
- ^ a b C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Jammu & Kashmir (Report). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
- ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
Estonia 1,282,963 July 2011 est.
- ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 27 December 2010. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
New Hampshire 1,316,470
- ^ "Climatological Information for Srinigar, India". Hong Kong Observatory. November 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
External links
edit- Official website
- Greater Kashmir, daily English newspaper from Srinagar, Kashmir
- Soan Meeraas, A Kashmiri newspaper from Srinagar, Kashmir