Squatting in the Republic of Vanuatu (an island country in the South Pacific Ocean) is the occupation of unused land or derelict buildings without the permission of the owner. After independence in 1980, informal settlements developed in cities such as Luganville and the capital Port Vila. Land in Vanuatu is either custom land owned by indigenous peoples or public land owned by the republic.
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History
editThe Republic of Vanuatu is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean which became independent in 1980. After 1980, internal migrants began to cluster in informal settlements around Port Vila, the capital city, which is on the island of Efate.[1] People are forced to squat because of bad governance, the paucity of affordable housing and the lack of access to credit. The settlements do not have sanitation and are formed of shacks. Rental agreements are informal and not legally binding.[2]
Settlements in Port Vila include Blaksans (first occupied in the 1960s) and Freswin, where settlers came on invitation of the customary land owner. The second biggest city is Luganville on the island of Espiritu Santo, where people live in informal settlements called La Milice, Mango, Pepsi, Rowok, Sarakata and St Michel.[2] Mango was first settled by Vietnamese migrants who constructed shelters out of scrap metal left behind by the United States Army. The Vietnamese were repatriated in the 1960s and it was then occupied by Ni-Vanuatu migrants.[2]
Legal
editLand in Vanuatu is either custom land owned by indigenous peoples or public land owned by the republic. Rural land is custom, urban land is public and peri-urban land can be either. The relevant laws are the 1980 constitution, the 1980 Land Reform Act, the 1983 Land Leases Act and the 2013 Custom Land Management Act. The principle of adverse possession does not exist.[3]
Recent
editIn 2015, indigenous chiefs at Mele village near Port Vila asked squatters to go home.[4] A chief in Lenakel, on the island of Tanna, said he believed most of the squatters had migrated from Tanna and asked them to harvest their crops and then return.[5] The following year, fifty chiefs met at the Vaturisu Council of Chiefs of Efate and resolved that squatting should be better regulated.[6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Lindstrom, Lamont (15 December 2011). "Urbane Tannese: Local Perspectives on Settlement Life in Port Vila". Journal de la société des océanistes (133): 255–266. doi:10.4000/jso.6461.
- ^ a b c Hill, David; Chung, Margaret (2020). "Urban informal settlements in Vanuatu: Challenge for equitable development" (PDF). Report prepared for Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat and UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Pacific Operation Centre. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "Housing land and property law in Vanuatu" (PDF). International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ Staff writer (26 May 2015). "Vanuatu squatters get ultimatum". RNZ. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ Staff writer (28 May 2015). "Tanna chief backs Vanuatu squatter ultimatum". RNZ. Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ Makin, Bob (21 November 2016). "Vaturisu chiefs united on squatter issues". Vanuatu Daily Post. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.