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Spread tow fabric (stf) is a type of lightweight fabric. Its production involves the steps of spreading a tow in thin and flat uni-directional tape (Spread Tow Tape, STT), and weaving the tapes to a Spread Tow Fabric.[1] This technique increases the mechanical properties of the material and is also used to reduce weight on composites.[2] Manufacturers of Spread Tow Tapes include Oxeon AB, Teknomax Corp., Harmoni Industry Inc., Sakaiovex.[3]
Technique
editThe spread tow technique, to weave with tapes instead of tows, tape weaving technology, was invented by Dr. Nandan Khokar in 1995. The theory behind Spread Tow Fabric is quite simple, by arranging the fibres in the woven structure in the straightest orientation possible the fibre properties are used in the most effective way to carry load, both in tensile and compression.[1][4]
STF offers high versatility as it overcomes the limitations of traditional woven fabrics produced using tows. The flatness of STF, which comes from near absence of crimp, significantly reduces accumulation of matrix at the interlacing points and thereby the dead weight of the final composite material. This not only reduces the weight of the final composite material product but also eliminates the print-through defects associated with post curing of the undesired matrix accumulation.[3][5]
Although the technique is based on the same principles, the spreading of the tow can be made in different way, for example using water or air.[3]
Uses
editSpread Tow Fabric offers the advantages of relatively lower crimp, increased smoothness and less-pronounced crossover defects.[3][6] As a greater number of filaments are exposed in STF they also present correspondingly improved wetting ability.[6]
Additionally, the STF offers improved mechanical performance, thinness, draping ability and even different aesthetics compared with those produced using 1k – 6k tows.[2][3]
Spread Tow Fabric is often produced with carbon fiber and is widely used in the composites industry in a number of applications.[2][7]
Spread tow reinforcements (str) are reinforcements made using spread tow material, fabric or UD tapes, which is new category of composite reinforcements.
References
edit- ^ a b Khokar, N., 1999. A Method for Weaving Tape-like Warp and Weft, J. Text. Inst., 90, Part 1, No. 3.
- ^ a b c "SAMPE Europe/JEC Composites 2005". CompositesWorld.com. 2005-07-01. Retrieved 2010-05-31.
- ^ a b c d e Morgan, Peter (2005), Carbon fibers and their composites, CRC Press, ISBN 978-0-8247-0983-9
- ^ Khokar, N. 2004. 3D-Weaving: Making It Happen, JEC Composites Magazine Number 12, Oct-Nov. 2004, p73.
- ^ Khokar, N. and Ohlsson, F., 2006. Advancements in Spreading Fibre Tows and Weaving High Performance - Low Weight Fabrics, Proceedings of the 27th International SAMPE Conference 2006, Paris, p284.
- ^ a b Khokar, N., 2002. 3D-Weaving and Tape Weaving: Innovative Methods for Manufacturing Advanced Technical Textiles, Paper presented at TechniTex Conference 2002 – Technical Textiles @ the Interface, University of Leeds, UK.
- ^ Khokar, N. and Ohlsson, F., 2004. Interlacing Wide, Dry, Stabilized Carbon Tapes for Improving Reinforcement Material’s Structural Performance, Proceedings of the 25th Jubilee International SAMPE Conference 2004, Paris, p597, ISBN 3-9522677-1-6.