The Siemens Avenio is a low floor tram family produced by Siemens Mobility, a subsidiary of the German conglomerate Siemens.[1] It is the successor to the Combino family. The first generation was sold as the Combino Supra /ˈsuːprə/, Combino MkII, or Combino Plus. With the introduction of the second generation in 2009 the Combino brand was dropped and Siemens have referred to Combino Plus trams in Almada (Portugal) and Budapest (Hungary) as part of the Avenio range.[2]
The Avenio is made of stainless steel instead of light materials, and is manufactured at a new assembly line in Vienna. Like the Combino it utilizes a modular design with standardised components, with resulting reduced costs.
Differences between the Combino and the Combino Supra
editUnlike the Combino, the Combino Supra is designed in nine-metre (29 ft 6 in) fixed sections. Each section has a bogie, either powered or unpowered. The length can be anywhere from two sections (18 metres or 59 feet 1 inch) to eight (72 metres or 236 feet 3 inches). In Budapest and Almad, modules are in two-car blocks, each connected by a double articulation joint. In the Combino and other articulated low-floor trams, the modules are suspended between the bogies. Siemens claims the axle load is 10 tonnes (9.8 long tons; 11 short tons) for a width of 2.65 metres (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in), such as the Almada.[3]
For Budapest, the length went from nine modules of the Combino to six for the Combino Supra.[4]
The Combino had a half-width door near the driver's cab, where the Combino Supra has a full double-leaf door.
Combino Plus
editBudapest
editThe city transport company of Budapest ordered 40 Combino Supra Budapest NF 12B units for the city's tram network. The six-module trams (three units of two sections) are 53.99 meters long, exceeded only by the 59.4 m CarGoTrams in Dresden, thus making them the longest passenger trams in the world at the time of their introduction. (In 2016 56 meters long CAF Urbos 3 trams entered service in Budapest.) The first two units were delivered on March 14, 2006, and the rest was delivered by the summer of 2007.
In the summer of 2006 problems arose. On August 1, 2006 Budapest mayor Gábor Demszky ordered all six trams to be withdrawn from service until technical problems were rectified.[5] There were problems with the doors, caused by sensitive fail-safe systems that brought trams to a halt for reasons including luggage or the odd leg getting stuck in a door.[6] Siemens AG reportedly admitted the door problem to be a "design fault".[7]
Another problem was the overhead wires, rebuilt in April and June for the new trams. This was done in a hurry and of poor quality, causing the Ganz trams still running to have problems with their pantographs. On July 15 one catenary mast fell to the road on Margaret Bridge, causing tram services to be suspended between Jászai Mari tér and Moszkva tér till July 25.[8] In the last week of August the overhead was adjusted to prevent new problems from occurring.[9]
The teething problems were eventually sorted out, and all 40 trams were in regular service by the summer of 2007. But Siemens realises further improvements in the ventilation (the vehicles were ordered without air conditioning, and later retrofitted), and door closing signals will be changed, after inhabitants of the streets passed complained that they are too loud by night.
Almada
edit
Metro Transportes Sul de Tejo (MST) ordered 24 four-module Combino Plus vehicles for a new light rail system in Almada, south of Lisbon. The first unit was delivered by the end of May 2005,[citation needed] but after the problems with the Combino surfaced the order was converted to stainless steel-bodied Combinos, to be delivered by 2007.
Melbourne
editSiemens leased Almada tram C008 to Melbourne's tram network for research and development purposes.[10] It entered service on Grand Prix shuttles on route 96 shuttles on 18 March 2007, before commencing a three-month stint on route 16 the following day, running alongside the classic Combino and other tram models.[11]
Toronto
editThe Combino Plus was offered by Siemens in August 2007 in its bid to deliver 204 articulated, low-floor vehicles for the Toronto streetcar system as replacements for aging CLRVs and ALRVs. These three-module units were supposed to be 28 metres (91 ft 10 in) in length, have a width of 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in), and carry 183 passengers. Siemens withdrew their first bid, citing an inability to meet the TTC's 25-percent Canadian content requirement.[12] When tenders were reopened in August 2008, Siemens bid again using the same model, but their price was 50 percent higher than that of Bombardier's locally built Flexity Outlook model, who subsequently won the bid.[12]
Siemens Avenio
editThe Avenio brand was introduced at the UITP 2009 trade fair in Vienna, marketed as the "longest tram in the world" with 100% low floor (referring to the 72 meter version with eight modules).[13][14]
Avenio is based on the Siemens Combino Plus but is simplified. There is now one secondary spring which now seemingly can do the work of two. There are more seats over the bogies. There are no more hydraulics and the tram is made of CorTen steel. So in fact it is a completely new design.
Tel Aviv
editIt was announced that the first production series would go to Tel Aviv in Israel for its upcoming light rail network,[14] but the project was delayed and the construction of the first line, the Red Line, started in September 2011. It will be in operational in 2016-2017 with the majority of stations underground. However, Tel Aviv Municipality later awarded the bid for rolling stock to rival CAF of Zaragoza, Spain instead.
The Hague
edit
HTM Personenvervoer of The Hague in the Netherlands, the operator of the city's tram network, announced in November 2011 the purchase of 40 Avenio trams. They will be 35 metres (114 ft 10 in) long at a width of 2.55 metres (8 ft 4 in) with a seating capacity of 70 and a standing capacity of 168.[15] The contract is worth 100 million euro including driver training and spare parts. They are being built in Wien Simmering, with the bogies in Graz.[16] In March 2014 it was announced a further 20 trams were being ordered.[17] The first (5003) entered service on 2 November 2015 on Route 2. Power and braking is controlled by pedals.[18]
Doha
editA consortium led by Siemens built the tram system for Education City in Doha, the capital of Qatar.[19][20] The opening was scheduled for autumn 2015[20] but was delayed to 2016.[19] No overhead wires are installed, since the 10 Avenio trams is powered by the Siemens Sitras HES system (Hybrid Energy Storage), a combination of a supercapacitor and a traction battery that will be charged at each stop through an overhead conductor rail.[20] The network has 25 stops on 11.5 km (7.1 mi) of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge track; the trams are in three modules with a capacity of 238 passengers.[21]
Munich
editOn 28 September 2012, Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft (MVG) of Munich, Germany, announced an order of 8 Avenio trams for that city's tramway system.[22] They are 36 m long, 2.3 m wide and have 4 modules. The contract was worth approx. 29 million Euros and it is understood that this allows six units to be built ahead of the Den Haag trams. Due to bad management and ongoing problems with the Stadler Variobahns the Avenios were necessary to deliver the advertised service improvements in the new timetable effective December 2013. They were supposed to be fully operational in little more than a year, however the first entered service on 17 September 2014 on Route 19.[23]
Copenhagen
edit29 Avenios will operate Hovedstadens Letbane (Greater Copenhagen Light Rail) from its opening in 2025.[24]
Avenio M and Avenio HF
editFor systems that still prefer to use the Combino concept, can order the Avenio M. Systems that require trams that can stop at high-platform stops, can order the Avenio HF.[25][26]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Avenio - The new generation of trams from Siemens". Siemens. 30 March 2009. Archived from the original on 25 September 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2009. [1]
- ^
"Avenio - The new generation of trams from Siemens promotional sheet" (PDF). Siemens. 30 March 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
Take, for example, the 24 vehicles near Lisbon, Portugal and the 40 in Budapest, the capital of Hungary, where the longest low-floor trams in the world, namely 54-m-long Avenio vehicles, are in service today.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Siemens Combino Plus website - 'Flexibility' Archived January 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Combino Budapest Reference brochure Archived July 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Caboodle.hu - Budapest mayor calls for withdrawal of faulty Combino trams Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ The Budapest Sun Online - Mayor touts Budapest as leading regional capital Archived June 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Caboodle.hu - New Combino tram fails shortly after resuming service Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Railway Market Magazine - Public Transport in Hungary: Combino-Teething Troubles in Budapest Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Caboodle.hu - Tram service suspended every evening until September Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Australia Combino Plus Siemens March 29, 2007
- ^ "Lisbon demonstrator arrives in Melbourne" Trolley Wire issue 308 February 2007 pages 14/15
- ^ a b Bow, James. "The Toronto Flexity Light Rail Vehicles (LRVs)". Transit Toronto. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
- ^ "Kapazität auf höchstem Niveau" (in German). Siemens.
- ^ a b "Die längste Niederflurstraßenbahn der Welt: Siemens stellt Avenio vor" (in German). Siemens. 30 March 2009.
- ^ Siemens Avenio, de nieuwe Haagse tram Archived 2012-08-02 at archive.today auf htmfoto.net, aufgerufen am 20. November 2011.
- ^ Premiere: Siemens erhält ersten Auftrag für die neue Straßenbahn-Generation Avenio – Den Haag bestellt 40 Fahrzeuge im Wert von über 100 Millionen Euro Werkstattatlas.info, aufgerufen am 20. November 2011.
- ^ "Den Haag bestelt 20 extra trams voor 55 miljoen" (in Dutch). De Volkskrant. 11 March 2014.
- ^ "Avenio - Product specification" (PDF).
- ^ a b "Qatar's first Education City tram rolls out". Railway Gazette International. 11 March 2015.
- ^ a b c Qatar Foundation to get turnkey tram system from Siemens Siemens website, 30 July 2012
- ^ "Bahnen auf dem neuesten Stand". Elektrische Bahnen (in German). 2012.
- ^ "SWM/MVG bestellen 8 zusätzliche Tramzüge" (PDF) (in German). Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft. 28 September 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2012.
- ^ "First Siemens Avenio tram enters passenger service". Railway Gazette International. 17 September 2014.
- ^ "Siden blev ikke fundet".
- ^ Siemens Mobility wins EUR 400 million LRV contract Retrieved 30 June 2022.
- ^ New Stadtbahn Avenios For Düsseldorf And Duisburg Retrieved 30 June 2022.