President of the League of Communists of Montenegro
The president was the leader of the League of Communists of Montenegro (LCM), the ruling party of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro (SRM) in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Party rules stipulated that the LCM Central Committee elected the president. Moreover, the Central Committee was empowered to remove the president. The president served ex officio as a member of the Presidency of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) and of the SRM Presidency. To be eligible to serve, the president had to be a member of the Presidency of the LCM Central Committee. The 8th LCM Congress instituted a two-year term limits for officeholders.
| President of the League of Communists of Montenegro | |
|---|---|
| Serbo-Croatian: Predsjednik Saveza komunista Crne Gore | |
  Emblems of the LCY | |
| Type | Party leader |
| Member of | LCY Presidency and SRM Presidency |
| Appointer | Central Committee |
| Term length | Two years, non-renewable (1982–1991) |
| Constituting instrument | LCY Charter & LCM Charter |
| Formation | 7 October 1948 |
| First holder | Blažo Jovanović |
| Final holder | Momir Bulatović |
| Abolished | 22 June 1991 |
The office traces its lineage back to the office of "Secretary of the Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in Montenegro," established on 4 April 1920. This body had no distinct rights and was under the jurisdiction of the Yugoslav Central Committee. On 4 October 1948, the LCY convened the founding congress of the Communist Party of Montenegro. On 7 October, the Central Committee of the 1st Congress elected Blažo Jovanović as "Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Montenegro". The LCY 6th Congress on 2–7 November 1952, renamed the party League of Communists, and the Montenegrin republican branch followed suit and changed its name to League of Communists of Montenegro. On 4 October 1966, the 5th Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the LCY 8th Congress abolished the office of General Secretary at the national level and replaced with the office of President. The LCM Central Committee convened a meeting later in 1966 in which the office of secretary was abolished, and the "President of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Montenegro" was formed. The reforms passed by the LCY Central Committee plenum strengthened the powers of the republican branches and gave more powers to the Montenegrin party leader. The 8th LCM Congress introduced another set of reforms on 1 July 1982, which abolished the existing office and replaced it with the "President of the Presidency of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Montenegro". This office was retained until 22 June 1991, when the party changed its name to the Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro.
Office history
edit| Title | Established | Abolished | Established by |
|---|---|---|---|
| Secretary of the Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia for Montenegro Serbo-Croatian: Sekretar Pokrajinskog komiteta Komunističke partije Jugoslavije za Crne Gore |
23 April 1919 | 2 August 1937 | 1st Congress of the Socialist Labour Party of Yugoslavia (Communists) |
| Secretary of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Montenegro Serbo-Croatian: Sekretar Centralnog komiteta Saveza komunista Crne Gore |
2 August 1937 | 14 November 1966 | 1st Congress of the Communist Party of Montenegro |
| President of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Montenegro Serbo-Croatian: Predsjednik Centralnog komiteta Saveza komunista Crne Gore |
14 November 1966 | 1 July 1982 | 7th Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the 4th Congress |
| President of the Presidency of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Montenegro Serbo-Croatian: Predsjednik Predsedništva Centralnog komiteta Saveza komunista Crne Gore |
1 July 1982 | 24 February 1991 | 8th Congress of the League of Communists of Montenegro |
Officeholders
editProvincial
edit| No. | Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Term of office | Birth | PM | Death | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 
|
Jovan Tomašević | 4 April 1920 | 24 February 1924 | 3 years, 326 days | 1892 | 1919 | 1924 | [1] |
| 2 | 
|
Stanko Dragojević | 24 February 1924 | Late 1924 | 281 days | 1893 | 1919 | 1933 | [2] |
| 3 |
|
Aleksa Pavićević | Late 1924 | November 1925 | 1 year, 203 days | 1896 | 1919 | ? | [3] |
| 4 | 
|
Nikola Kovačević | November 1925 | February 1928 | 2 years, 92 days | 1890 | 1920 | 1964 | [4] |
| 5 |
|
Nisa Milanović | October 1928 | July 1929 | 273 days | 1894 | 1920 | ? | [5] |
| 6 | 
|
Adolf Muk | July 1930 | October 1930 | 92 days | 1893 | 1919 | 1943 | [6] |
| 7 |
|
Božo Ljumović | October 1932 | 30 August 1934 | 1 year, 333 days | 1896 | 1919 | 1986 | [7] |
| 8 |
|
Nikola Lekić | 30 August 1934 | July 1936 | 1 year, 306 days | 1909 | 1931 | 1941 | [8] |
| 7 |
|
Božo Ljumović | 9 August 1940 | 1942 | 1 year, 296 days | 1907 | 1924 | 1976 | [7] |
| 9 | 
|
Blažo Jovanović | May 1943 | 7 October 1948 | 5 years, 159 days | 1907 | 1924 | 1976 | [9] |
Republican
edit| No. | Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Tenure | Term of office | Birth | PM | Death | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
|
Blažo Jovanović | 7 October 1948 | 29 June 1963 | 14 years, 265 days | 1st–3rd (1948–1965) |
1907 | 1924 | 1976 | [9] |
| 2 | 
|
Đorđije Pajković | 29 June 1963 | 14 December 1968 | 5 years, 168 days | 3rd–4th (1959–1968) |
1917 | 1936 | 1980 | [10] |
| 3 | 
|
Veselin Đuranović | 14 December 1968 | 21 March 1977 | 8 years, 97 days | 5th–6th (1968–1978) |
1925 | 1944 | 1997 | [11] |
| 4 | 
|
Vojislav Srzentić | 21 March 1977 | 1 July 1982 | 5 years, 102 days | 6th–7th (1974–1982) |
1934 | 1952 | Alive | [12] |
| 5 | 
|
Dobroslav Ćulafić | 1 July 1982 | May 1984 | 1 year, 305 days | 8th (1982–1986) |
1926 | 1944 | 2011 | [13] |
| 6 | 
|
Vidoje Žarković | May 1984 | 30 July 1984 | 90 days | 8th (1982–1986) |
1927 | 1943 | 2000 | [14] |
| 7 | .jpg)
|
Marko Orlandić | 30 July 1984 | 23 April 1986 | 1 year, 267 days | 8th (1982–1986) |
1930 | 1948 | 2019 | [15] |
| 8 | 
|
Miljan Radović | 23 April 1986 | 12 January 1989 | 2 years, 264 days | 9th (1986–1989) |
1933 | 1951 | 2015 | [16] |
| 9 |
|
Veselin Vukotić | 12 January 1989 | 26 April 1989 | 104 days | 9th (1986–1989) |
1949 | ? | Alive | [17] |
| 10 | 
|
Milica Pejanović | 26 April 1989 | 28 April 1989 | 2 days | 9th (1986–1989) |
1959 | ? | Alive | [18] |
| 11 | .jpg)
|
Momir Bulatović | 28 April 1989 | 22 June 1991 | 2 years, 55 days | 10th (1989–1991) |
1956 | ? | 2019 | [19] |
References
edit- ^ Djukanović 2023, pp. 364–365; Hronologija 1 1980, p. 87.
- ^ Ćetković, Borivoje. "Vatreni borac za slobodu, istinu i socijalnu pravdu" [A fiery fighter for freedom, truth and social justice]. Dan (in Montenegrin). Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
- ^ Hronologija 1 1980, p. 151.
- ^ "Nikola Kovačević" [Nikola Kovačević] (in Montenegrin). Parliament of Montenegro. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
- ^ Tito 1982a, p. 301; Hronologija 1 1980, pp. 172 & 203.
- ^ Tito 1980, p. 158; Hronologija 1 1980, p. 203.
- ^ a b Vukićević 2021, p. 130; Hronologija 1 1980, p. 203.
- ^ Tito 1982b, p. 305; Hronologija 1 1980, p. 220.
- ^ a b Staff writer 1966, p. 234.
- ^ Lewytzkyj & Stroynowski 1978, p. 456.
- ^ Lewytzkyj & Stroynowski 1978, p. 127; Stroynowski 1989a, p. 244.
- ^ Lewytzkyj & Stroynowski 1978, p. 581; Stroynowski 1989c, p. 1105.
- ^ Lewytzkyj & Stroynowski 1978, p. 113; Stroynowski 1989a, p. 206.
- ^ Lewytzkyj & Stroynowski 1978, p. 696; Stroynowski 1989c, p. 1342.
- ^ "Preminuo Marko Orlandić" [Marko Orlandić passed away] (in Serbian). Radio Television of Serbia. 20 December 2019. Archived from the original on 24 May 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
- ^ Stroynowski 1989b, p. 968.
- ^ "Hayek Lifetime Achievement Award 2021 – An Austrian in the Balkans" (in German and English). Hayek Institut. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ Morrison 2018, p. 37.
- ^ Morrison 2018, p. 37; Djukanović 2023, p. 57.
Bibliography
edit- Djokić, Dejan (2023). A Concise History of Serbia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-02838-8.
- Djukanović, Bojka (2023). Historical Dictionary of Montenegro. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9781538139158.
- Lewytzkyj, Borys; Stroynowski, Juliusz, eds. (1978). Who's Who in the Socialist Countries. K. G. Saur Verlag. ISBN 3-7940-3017-6.
- Morrison, Kenneth (2018). Nationalism, Identity and Statehood in Post-Yugoslav Montenegro. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781474235204.
- Staff writer, ed. (1969). Šesta sjednica Republičke konferencije SSRN BiH [The Sixth Session of the Republican Conference of the SSRN BiH] (in Serbo-Croatian). Centar za političko informisanje i dokumentaciju.
- Staff writer (1986). Directory of Yugoslav officials: A Reference Aid. Reference aid. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on 25 May 2023.
- Stallaerts, Robert (2010). Historical Dictionary of Croatia. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810873636.
- Stroynowski, Juliusz, ed. (1989a). Who's Who in the Socialist Countries of Europe: A–H. K. G. Saur Verlag. ISBN 3-598-10719-6.
- Stroynowski, Juliusz, ed. (1989b). Who's Who in the Socialist Countries of Europe: I–O. K. G. Saur Verlag. ISBN 3-598-10719-6.
- Stroynowski, Juliusz, ed. (1989c). Who's Who in the Socialist Countries of Europe: P–Z. K. G. Saur Verlag. ISBN 3-598-10719-6.
- Tadić, Aleksandar (1968). Pali za lepša svitanja: Majke heroja pričaju [Lights For More Beautiful dawns: Mothers of Heroes Talk] (in Serbo-Croatian). Međunarodna štampa-Interpress.
- Tito, Josip Broz (1980). The Party of the Revolution: Fifth Conference of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, 1940. Socialist Thought and Practice.
- Tito, Josip Broz (1982a). Damjanović, Pero; Vujošević, Ubavka (eds.). Sabrana djela [Selected Works] (in Serbo-Croatian). Vol. 3. Komunist.
- Tito, Josip Broz (198b). Damjanović, Pero; Vujošević, Ubavka (eds.). Sabrana djela: Septembar 1939-Septembar 1940 [Selected Works: September 1939 – September 1940] (in Serbo-Croatian). Komunist.
- Vukićević, Boris (2021). "Crnogorski Kadrovi U Diplomatskoj Službi Socijalističke Jugoslavije" [Montenegrin Personnel in the Diplomatic Service of Socialist Yugoslavia] (PDF). Historical Records. Reference aid. 93. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 September 2023.
- Zalar, Charles, ed. (1961). Yugoslav Communism: A Critical Study. United States Government Printing Office. Archived from the original on 11 June 2023.