The National Sea Grant College Program is a program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) within the U.S. Department of Commerce. It is a national network of 34 university-based Sea Grant programs involved in scientific research, education, training, and extension projects geared toward the conservation and practical use of the coasts, Great Lakes, and other marine areas. The program is administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) with the national office located in Silver Spring, Maryland. There are Sea Grant programs located in every coastal and Great Lakes state as well as in Puerto Rico and Guam.
The program was instituted in 1966 when Congress passed the National Sea Grant College Program Act.
Sea Grant programs and colleges are not to be confused with land-grant colleges (a program instituted in 1862), space-grant colleges (instituted in 1988), or sun-grant colleges (instituted in 2003), although an institution may also be in one or more of the other programs concurrently with being a sea-grant institution.
History
editAt a 1963 meeting of the American Fisheries Society, a University of Minnesota professor, Athelstan Spilhaus, first suggested the establishment of Sea Grant colleges in universities that wished to develop oceanic work.[1] The name "Sea Grant" was chosen to draw a parallel with the land-grant college program that was funded by grants of western lands to the states by the 1862 Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862. Early in the legislative process, there was consideration of leases of offshore parcels of ocean and sea bottom to fund the program by John A. Knauss and bill sponsor Claiborne Pell much like the 1862 land grants, but that plan was eventually scrapped in favor of direct congressional appropriation for the program.[2] The 1966 Act allowed the National Science Foundation (NSF) authority to initiate and support education, research, and extension by:
Encouraging and developing programs consisting of instruction, practical demonstrations, publications, and otherwise, by sea grant colleges and other suitable institutes, laboratories, and public and private agencies through marine advisory programs with the object of imparting useful information to person currently employed or interested in the various fields related to the development of marine resources, the scientific community, and the general public.[3]
Signing of the 1966 Sea Grant College and Program Act into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson was on October 15, 1966, as Public Law 89-688. The only major subsequent change to the Sea Grant Act was with a 1970 Reorganization Plan, whereby the Office of Sea Grant was transferred from the National Science Foundation to the newly organized National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, where it still resides today.[2]
Participating institutions
editInstitutions involved with the program include:[4]
Pacific region
edit- Oregon State University
- University of Washington
- University of California, San Diego
- University of Southern California
- University of Alaska Fairbanks' College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
- University of Guam
Southeastern Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico region
edit- Gulf of Mexico sub-region
- Texas A&M University
- Louisiana State University
- Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium
- Southeast sub-region
- Florida Sea Grant Consortium[6]
- University of Florida (Lead Institution)
- Florida A&M University
- Florida Atlantic University
- Florida Gulf Coast University
- Florida International University
- Florida Institute of Technology
- Florida State University
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute
- Jacksonville University
- Mote Marine Laboratory
- New College of Florida
- Nova Southeastern University
- University of Central Florida
- University of North Florida
- University of South Florida
- University of West Florida
- University of Miami
- University of Georgia
- University of Puerto Rico
- South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium
- Florida Sea Grant Consortium[6]
Mid-Atlantic region
edit- North Carolina State University
- East Carolina University
- Virginia Sea Grant
- University of Maryland, College Park
- University of Delaware
- New Jersey Sea Grant Consortium[7]
- Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel
- Fairleigh Dickinson University
- Georgian Court University
- Kean University
- Marine Academy of Science and Technology
- Monmouth University
- Montclair State University
- New Jersey Institute of Technology
- Ramapo College of New Jersey
- Raritan Valley Community College
- Rowan University
- Rutgers University
- Seton Hall University
- Stevens Institute of Technology
- Stockton University
- The College of New Jersey
- Union County College
- William Paterson University
Northeast region
edit- New York Sea Grant (also participates in the Great Lakes Region)
- University of Connecticut at Avery Point
- University of Rhode Island
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
- Lake Champlain Sea Grant (also participates in the Great Lakes region)
- University of New Hampshire
- University of Maine
Great Lakes region
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ Jim Murray and Bruce Wilkins, "The Philosophy: What do we do?", in Fundamentals of a Sea Grant Extension Program
- ^ a b Rice, M.A.; Rodrigues, S.; Venturini, K. "Philosophical & Institutional Innovations of Kenyon Leech Butterfield and the Rhode Island Contributions to the Development of Land Grant and Sea Grant Extension". Century Beyond the Campus: Past, Present, and Future of Extension A Research Symposium to Mark the 100th Anniversary of the Smith-Lever Act September 24–25, 2014, West Virginia University. Waterfront Place Hotel, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Sep. 2014. Archived from the original on 23 December 2014. Retrieved 23 Dec 2014.
- ^ National Sea Grant College and Program Act of 1966.
- ^ "Sea Grant > About". seagrant.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-01-13. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
- ^ "National Sea Grant Law Center". nsglc.olemiss.edu. Archived from the original on 2021-01-18. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
- ^ "Florida Sea Grant Participating Institutions". Archived from the original on 2021-05-22. Retrieved 2021-05-22.
- ^ "Member Institutions". Sea Grant. NJ Sea Grant Consortium. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
- ^ "Western New York Office of Sea Grant Moves to UB - University at Buffalo". Buffalo.edu. 1996-10-25. Archived from the original on 2017-06-30. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "NY Sea Grant | NYSG: Staff". Seagrant.sunysb.edu. 2010-02-17. Archived from the original on 2015-11-24. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "The Great Lakes Program, University at Buffalo - Home". 29 June 2004. Archived from the original on 29 June 2004. Retrieved 15 May 2018.