Spectrin, alpha 1

Spectrin alpha chain, erythrocyte is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPTA1 gene.

SPTA1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1OWA, 3LBX
Identifiers
Aliases	SPTA1, EL2, HPP, HS3, SPH3, SPTA, Spectrin, alpha 1, spectrin alpha, erythrocytic 1
External IDs	OMIM: 182860; MGI: 98385; HomoloGene: 74460; GeneCards: SPTA1; OMA:SPTA1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human) Band 1q23.1 Start 158,610,704 bp End 158,686,715 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse) Band 1 H3|1 80.97 cM Start 174,000,342 bp End 174,076,016 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in trabecular bone bone marrow bone marrow cells testicle gonad monocyte blood right testis left testis spleen Top expressed in fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cell blood tibiofemoral joint human fetus right lobe of liver body of femur epithelium of lens spleen right ventricle bone marrow More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function calcium ion binding metal ion binding actin filament binding structural constituent of cytoskeleton protein binding actin binding protein heterodimerization activity Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol intrinsic component of the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane cell cortex actin cytoskeleton cytoskeleton spectrin spectrin-associated cytoskeleton cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane membrane axon cortical cytoskeleton cuticular plate Biological process actin filament organization MAPK cascade axon guidance endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport actin filament capping regulation of cell shape lymphocyte homeostasis porphyrin-containing compound biosynthetic process plasma membrane organization actin cytoskeleton organization hemopoiesis positive regulation of protein binding positive regulation of T cell proliferation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 6708 20739 Ensembl ENSG00000163554 ENSMUSG00000026532 UniProt P02549 P08032 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003126 NM_011465 RefSeq (protein) NP_003117 NP_035595 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 158.61 – 158.69 Mb Chr 1: 174 – 174.08 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
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Spectrin is an actin crosslinking and molecular scaffold protein that links the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton, and functions in the determination of cell shape, arrangement of transmembrane proteins, and organization of organelles. It is a tetramer made up of alpha-beta dimers linked in a head-to-head arrangement. This gene is one member of a family of alpha-spectrin genes. The encoded protein is primarily composed of 22 spectrin repeats which are involved in dimer formation. It forms weaker tetramer interactions than non-erythrocytic alpha spectrin, which may increase the plasma membrane elasticity and deformability of red blood cells. Mutations in this gene result in a variety of hereditary red blood cell disorders, including elliptocytosis type 2, pyropoikilocytosis, and spherocytic hemolytic anemia.

Interactions

Spectrin, alpha 1 has been shown to interact with Abl gene.

Further reading

• Gallagher PG, Forget BG (1993). "Spectrin genes in health and disease". Semin. Hematol. 30 (1): 4–20. PMID 8094577.
• Delaunay J, Dhermy D (1993). "Mutations involving the spectrin heterodimer contact site: clinical expression and alterations in specific function". Semin. Hematol. 30 (1): 21–33. PMID 8434258.
• Snásel J, Pichová I (1997). "The cleavage of host cell proteins by HIV-1 protease". Folia Biol. (Praha). 42 (5): 227–30. doi:10.1007/BF02818986. PMID 8997639. S2CID 7617882.
• Iolascon A, Miraglia del Giudice E, Perrotta S, et al. (1998). "Hereditary spherocytosis: from clinical to molecular defects". Haematologica. 83 (3): 240–57. PMID 9573679.
• De Matteis MA, Morrow JS (2000). "Spectrin tethers and mesh in the biosynthetic pathway". J. Cell Sci. 113 (13): 2331–43. doi:10.1242/jcs.113.13.2331. PMID 10852813.
• Delaunay J (2003). "Molecular basis of red cell membrane disorders". Acta Haematol. 108 (4): 210–8. doi:10.1159/000065657. PMID 12432217. S2CID 25452444.
• Dhermy D, Schrével J, Lecomte MC (2007). "Spectrin-based skeleton in red blood cells and malaria". Curr. Opin. Hematol. 14 (3): 198–202. doi:10.1097/MOH.0b013e3280d21afd. PMID 17414207. S2CID 21549999.
• Hentati A, Hu P, Asgharzadeh S, Siddique T (1993). "Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the human erythroid alpha spectrin (SPTA1) locus". Hum. Mol. Genet. 1 (3): 218. doi:10.1093/hmg/1.3.218-a. PMID 1339473.
• Kanzaki A, Rabodonirina M, Yawata Y, et al. (1992). "A deletional frameshift mutation of the beta-spectrin gene associated with elliptocytosis in spectrin Tokyo (beta 220/216)". Blood. 80 (8): 2115–21. doi:10.1182/blood.V80.8.2115.2115. PMID 1391962.
• Gallagher PG, Tse WT, Coetzer T, et al. (1992). "A common type of the spectrin alpha I 46-50a-kD peptide abnormality in hereditary elliptocytosis and pyropoikilocytosis is associated with a mutation distant from the proteolytic cleavage site. Evidence for the functional importance of the triple helical model of spectrin". J. Clin. Invest. 89 (3): 892–8. doi:10.1172/JCI115669. PMC 442935. PMID 1541680.
• Speicher DW, Weglarz L, DeSilva TM (1992). "Properties of human red cell spectrin heterodimer (side-to-side) assembly and identification of an essential nucleation site". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (21): 14775–82. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42107-2. PMID 1634521.
• Alloisio N, Wilmotte R, Morlé L, et al. (1992). "Spectrin Jendouba: an alpha II/31 spectrin variant that is associated with elliptocytosis and carries a mutation distant from the dimer self-association site". Blood. 80 (3): 809–15. doi:10.1182/blood.V80.3.809.bloodjournal803809. PMID 1638030.
• Kotula L, Laury-Kleintop LD, Showe L, et al. (1991). "The exon-intron organization of the human erythrocyte alpha-spectrin gene". Genomics. 9 (1): 131–40. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90230-C. PMID 1672285.
• Coetzer TL, Sahr K, Prchal J, et al. (1991). "Four different mutations in codon 28 of alpha spectrin are associated with structurally and functionally abnormal spectrin alpha I/74 in hereditary elliptocytosis". J. Clin. Invest. 88 (3): 743–9. doi:10.1172/JCI115371. PMC 295451. PMID 1679439.
• Sahr KE, Laurila P, Kotula L, et al. (1990). "The complete cDNA and polypeptide sequences of human erythroid alpha-spectrin". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (8): 4434–43. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)39583-3. PMID 1689726.
• Gallagher PG, Tse WT, Marchesi SL, et al. (1993). "A defect in alpha-spectrin mRNA accumulation in hereditary pyropoikilocytosis". Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians. 104: 32–9. PMID 1845156.
• Floyd PB, Gallagher PG, Valentino LA, et al. (1991). "Heterogeneity of the molecular basis of hereditary pyropoikilocytosis and hereditary elliptocytosis associated with increased levels of the spectrin alpha I/74-kilodalton tryptic peptide". Blood. 78 (5): 1364–72. doi:10.1182/blood.V78.5.1364.1364. PMID 1878597.
• Shoeman RL, Kesselmier C, Mothes E, et al. (1991). "Non-viral cellular substrates for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease". FEBS Lett. 278 (2): 199–203. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(91)80116-K. PMID 1991513.
• Garbarz M, Tse WT, Gallagher PG, et al. (1991). "Spectrin Rouen (beta 220-218), a novel shortened beta-chain variant in a kindred with hereditary elliptocytosis. Characterization of the molecular defect as exon skipping due to a splice site mutation". J. Clin. Invest. 88 (1): 76–81. doi:10.1172/JCI115307. PMC 296005. PMID 2056132.
• Tse WT, Gallagher PG, Pothier B, et al. (1991). "An insertional frameshift mutation of the beta-spectrin gene associated with elliptocytosis in spectrin nice (beta 220/216)". Blood. 78 (2): 517–23. doi:10.1182/blood.V78.2.517.517. PMID 2070088.