Richard Gordon Kleindienst (August 5, 1923 – February 3, 2000) was an American lawyer, politician, and U.S. Attorney General during the early stages of Watergate political scandal. He resigned his post in disgrace for his involvement in the Watergate cover-up.
Richard Kleindienst | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 68th United States Attorney General | |
| In office June 12, 1972 – April 30, 1973 | |
| President | Richard Nixon |
| Preceded by | John Mitchell |
| Succeeded by | Elliot Richardson |
| 10th United States Deputy Attorney General | |
| In office January 20, 1969 – June 12, 1972 | |
| President | Richard Nixon |
| Preceded by | Warren Christopher |
| Succeeded by | Ralph Erickson |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Richard Gordon Kleindienst August 5, 1923 Winslow, Arizona, U.S. |
| Died | February 3, 2000 (aged 76) Prescott, Arizona, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Margaret Dunbar |
| Children | Wallace Kleindienst |
| Education | Harvard University (BA, LLB) |
| Signature | .jpg){kind=small} |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Branch/service | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1943–1946 |
| Unit | United States Army Air Forces |
Early life and career
editKleindienst was born August 5, 1923, in Winslow, Arizona, the son of Gladys (Love) and Alfred R. Kleindienst.[1] He attended the University of Arizona before serving in the United States Army Air Forces from 1943 to 1946. Following his military service, he attended Harvard College and Harvard Law School, graduating from the latter in 1950.[2]
From 1953 to 1954, he served in the Arizona House of Representatives; he followed that with some 15 years of private legal practice.[3] He concurrently was Arizona Republican Party chairman from 1956 to 1960 and 1961 to 1963, and in the 1964 Arizona gubernatorial election, the Republican candidate for Governor of Arizona, losing the general election to Sam Goddard, 53–47%.
Role in Goldwater campaign
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On January 3, 1964, Barry Goldwater asked his friend Kleindienst to serve as Director of Operations in his presidential campaign. Goldwater stipulated that he would only respond to the "draft Goldwater" movement if the campaign were led by three Republicans close to him: Kleindienst, Denison Kitchel as Campaign Manager, and Dean Burch as Assistant Campaign Manager.[4]
Kleindienst had never worked on a national campaign. Political experts told Goldwater that F. Clifton White, an experienced GOP operative, would be a better choice. Goldwater rejected this change, but did agree to Kleindienst and White sharing the role.
Nixon administration
edit
After Richard Nixon won the 1968 presidential election, John N. Mitchell agreed to serve as United States Attorney General on the condition that Kleindienst serve as Deputy Attorney General.[5] Kleindienst suspended his private practice in 1969 to accept the post of Deputy Attorney General offered him by President Nixon. This gave him responsibilities relating to the government's suit against the International Telephone & Telegraph Corporation. Nixon and his aide John Ehrlichman told him to drop the case, which created an impression that they were violating their ethical obligations in favor of ITT, and that, as an attorney himself, Kleindienst was now obligated to report these ethical lapses to the state bars in the jurisdictions involved. But in his official role as Deputy Attorney General, he also repeatedly told Congress that no one had interfered with his department's handling of the case, failing to mention either Nixon or Ehrlichman.[6][7]
On February 15, 1972, Attorney General Mitchell resigned effective March 1 in order to work on the Nixon re-election campaign, with President Nixon nominating Kleindienst to serve as his successor.[8] After having served as Acting Attorney General for a little under three and a half months, his appointment was approved by the Senate on June 12 after an attempt to block the nomination by Ted Kennedy on the grounds of his involvement with ITT failed.[9]
Unknown to Kleindienst, leaders of the Committee to Re-Elect the President (CRP) had tasked Gordon Liddy with arranging various covert operations, one of which was to be a burglary of the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate complex in Washington, DC. Before dawn on Saturday, June 17, 1972, five days after Kleindienst was sworn in,[10] James McCord and four other burglars operating on Liddy's instructions were arrested at the Watergate complex. Later in the morning Kleindienst was officially notified of the arrests. Liddy, after a phone consultation about the arrests with CRP Deputy Director Jeb Magruder (who had managed CRP up until March of that year, and had the most direct organizational authority over Liddy's activities), personally approached Kleindienst the same day at the Burning Tree Club golf club in Bethesda, Maryland. Liddy told him that the break-in had originated within CRP, and that Mitchell wanted Kleindienst to arrange the release of the burglars to reduce the risk of exposure of CRP's involvement. But Kleindienst refused and ordered that the Watergate burglary investigation proceed like any other case. The top law enforcement officer of the United States, Kleindienst did not share with FBI investigators or his department's prosecutor Liddy's confession of his own involvement or Liddy's claim that Mitchell was seeking to obstruct justice.[11]
Kleindienst ultimately resigned in the midst of the Watergate scandal nearly a year later, on April 30, 1973. This was the same day that John Dean was fired and H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman resigned.[12] In 1974, he pleaded guilty to contempt of Congress for his failing to testify fully to the Senate in a pre-Watergate investigation, involving alleged favoritism shown to ITT during his testimony as part of his Senate confirmation hearings.[13][14] Kleindienst was one of very few people in modern U.S. history to be convicted of contempt of Congress; G. Gordon Liddy, another figure in the Watergate scandal, also was convicted in the 1970s.[14]
In April 1982, the Arizona Supreme Court unanimously suspended Kleindienst from the practice of law for 1 year due to his unethical conduct, accepting a disciplinary recommendation from the state bar association. The suspension was due to statements he made to a bar investigator probing Kleindienst's representation in a 1976 insurance company fraud case.[15] In October 1982, the U.S. Supreme Court, on a unanimous vote, disbarred Kleindienst, blocking him from practicing before the highest court.[16]
Later life
editIn 1981, Kleindienst was charged with perjury regarding how much he knew about a white-collar criminal he represented; he was subsequently acquitted.[17]
He died at the age of 76, of lung cancer, on February 3, 2000.[17]
Bibliography
edit- Kleindienst, Richard (1985). Justice: The Memoirs of Attorney General Richard Kleindienst. Ottawa, Illinois: Jameson Books. ISBN 0-915463-15-6.
- For Kleindienst's role in Watergate, see Leon Jaworski, The Right and the Power, and Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, All the President's Men [ISBN missing].
References
edit- ^ Keene, Ann T. (January 2001). "Kleindienst, Richard G." Oxford University Press – via American Council of Learned Societies.
- ^ "Richard G. Kleindienst (1972–1973)". Miller Center. Retrieved 2017-08-29.
- ^ "Attorney General: Richard Gordon Kleindienst | AG | Department of Justice". www.justice.gov. 23 October 2014. Retrieved 2017-08-29.
- ^ Perlstein, Rick (2001). Before the storm : Barry Goldwater and the unmaking of the American consensus (1st ed.). New York: Hill and Wang. ISBN 9780809028580.
- ^ Graff, Garrett M. (2022). Watergate: A New History (1 ed.). New York: Avid Reader Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-9821-3916-2. OCLC 1260107112.
- ^ "Context of '1969: ITT Negotiates with Nixon Aides to Avoid Antitrust Lawsuit'". www.historycommons.org. Retrieved 2017-08-29.
- ^ [1] | May 17, 1974 | Kleindienst Admits Misdemeanor Guilt | Anthony Ripley | [2]
- ^ "Richard Gordon Kleindienst – Arizona Obituary Directory". obits.arizonagravestones.org. Retrieved 2017-08-29.
- ^ New York Times (9 June 1972). "Senate Backs Kleindienst In Attorney General Post". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 July 2018.
- ^ Richard G. Kleindienst, Figure in Watergate Era, Dies at 76, New York Times, by David Stout, Feb. 4, 2000
- ^ Emery, Fred (1994). Watergate: The Corruption of American Politics and the Fall of Richard Nixon. New York: Times Books. pp. 146–147. ISBN 0-8129-2383-9.
- ^ Laurence Stern and Haynes Johnson, Washington Post Staff Writers (May 1, 1973). "3 Top Nixon Aides, Kleindienst Out; President Accepts Full Responsibility; Richardson Will Conduct New Probe". washingtonpost.com.
- ^ Jackson, Robert L. (4 February 2000). "Richard Kleindienst, Attorney General in Nixon Cabinet, Dies". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ a b Kyle Cheney & Josh Gerstein, House hopes to defy history in criminal contempt case against Bannon, Politico (October 19, 2021).
- ^ Around the Nation; Kleindienst Law Practice Suspended for a Year, United Press International (April 24, 1982).
- ^ Tigh court disbars Kleindienst, United Press International (October 4, 1982).
- ^ a b "Kleindienst, Richard G. (05 August 1923–03 February 2000)". American National Biography. January 2001.