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The Valparaíso Region (Spanish: Región de Valparaíso, pronounced [balpaɾaˈiso]) is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions.[FN 1] With the country's second-highest population of 1,790,219 as of 2017[update], and fourth-smallest area of 16,396.1 km2 (6,331 sq mi), the region is Chile's second most densely populated after the Santiago Metropolitan Region to the southeast.[1] The region also includes Chile's remote islands of the Pacific Ocean, including Rapa Nui and the Juan Fernandez Islands.
Valparaíso Region
Región de Valparaíso | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
.svg) Map of Valparaíso Region | |
| Coordinates: 33°02′36″S 71°37′26″W / 33.04333°S 71.62389°W | |
| Country |  Chile |
| Named for | Valparaíso de Arriba, Spain |
| Capital | Valparaíso |
| Provinces | Petorca, Los Andes, San Felipe de Aconcagua, Quillota, Quilpué, Valparaíso, San Antonio,  Isla de Pascua |
| Government | |
| • Governor | Rodrigo Mundaca (FA) |
| Area | |
• Total | 16,396.1 km2 (6,330.6 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 13 |
| Lowest elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (2017 census)[1] | |
• Total | 1,790,219 |
| • Rank | 2 |
| • Density | 110/km2 (280/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | |
| • Total | $30.758 billion (2014) |
| • Per capita | $17,009 (2014) |
| ISO 3166 code | CL-VS |
| HDI (2019) | 0.867[3] very high |
| Website | Official website (in Spanish) |
Its capital is the port city of Valparaíso; other important cities include Viña del Mar, Quillota, San Felipe, Quilpué, Villa Alemana, and San Antonio.
Administration
editAs a region, Valparaíso is a first-level administrative division. Since 2021, the region is governed by the governor, who is elected by popular vote. The current governor is Rodrigo Mundaca (Broad Front).
Geography and natural features
edit
The region is on the same latitude as the Santiago Metropolitan Region. Its capital is Valparaíso, which is the site for the National Congress of Chile and an important commercial port. Also in this region is the top resort city of Viña del Mar. Additionally, the Pacific islands of Easter Island, Isla Salas y Gómez, the Juan Fernández Islands and the Desventuradas Islands fall under the Valparaíso Region's administration.
The Valparaíso Region is part of the very restricted range of the endangered Chilean wine palm (Jubaea chilensis); in prehistoric times, this endemic Chilean tree had a significantly larger range.[FN 2]
Demographics
editThe Valparaíso Region is populated by 1.71 million inhabitants. The population density reached 94.1 inhabitants/km2. 91.6% of the population lives in urban areas and only 8.4% of the population lives in rural areas.[citation needed]
The most populous municipalities in the region are Valparaíso, with 308,000 inhabitants and Viña del Mar, with 287,000 inhabitants, which together with Villa Alemana, Quilpué and Concón form the Greater Valparaíso, a continuum of 1.75 million people. There are also Quillota, with about 201,000 inhabitants and San Antonio with more than 200,000 inhabitants with estimates at 250,000 to be the region's second-largest city. [citation needed][when?]
Immigration and culture
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Valparaíso developed as a trans-oceanic rest stop for fishing ships, sea cruise-liners, and international naval ships. Therefore, a large proportion of residents have a variety of national origins, ethnic groups, and cultures.[4] The 16th-century colonial population was founded by male settlers from the Spanish regions of Andalusia, Asturia and León, and the large Basque contingent has given rise to a substantial Basque Chilean population. Large numbers came from other countries of Latin America from Mexico to Uruguay, esp. came during colonial rule in the 17th century. And in the late 18th–early 19th centuries came a small wave of Galician settlers from the Spanish region of Galicia.
It is thought[by whom?] the majority of Valparaíso's people have some non-Spanish European background, such as: British and Irish, Australians and New Zealanders, North Americans (U.S. or Canadian), Croats and Bosnians, Dutch and Belgians, French, Germans, Greeks, Italians, Portuguese and Scandinavians. Also, there are more or less assimilated groups of Chilean Jews (mostly Ashkenazi), as well as Christians from the Ottoman Empire, primarily Syro-Lebanese and a large Palestinian community in the town of La Calera.
In racial terms, the majority of Valparaíso's inhabitants are castizos, meaning that their paternal origins are overwhelmingly from white whalers, settlers and traders of various European nationalities, including colonial Spanish settlers, while their maternal origins usually stems from unions between colonial Spanish men and local indigenous women, including those of Mapuche, Inca, Aymara and North American Indian descent (transplanted Cherokees are reported to come in the late 19th century, though it could well be a myth). Smaller numbers of East Asians, mostly Chinese, Japanese or Korean, minuscule numbers of Afro-Chileans, as well as a component of Polynesians whose ancestors were kidnapped from Easter Island and the Marquesas Islands, further added to the region's Hispanicized melting pot.
Economics and industry
editThe Valparaíso Region is a host of agricultural lands, wine producers, and industrial activity such as copper mining and cement. Chile's largest oil refinery is located in Concón (on the mouth of the Aconcagua River and about 20 km (12 mi) north of Valparaíso) and there are two important copper ore refineries: the state-owned Ventanas (on the coast and north of Concón) and the private works in Chagres, about 55 mi (89 km) inland.
The region also is a hub for chemicals and gas storage near the port of Quintero. In the interior valleys, there is a booming export industry, mainly around the avocado (palta), chirimoyas and flowers. The most striking recent development has been the cultivation of hillsides using high-tech drip feed irrigation. This has allowed otherwise dry and unproductive land to bear high yields.
Provinces and communes
editReferences
edit- C. Michael Hogan (2008) Chilean Wine Palm: Jubaea chilensis, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg
- Valparaíso Region, Chile (2006) [1]
Line notes
editCitations
edit- ^ a b c "Valparaíso Region". Government of Chile Foreign Investment Committee. Archived from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
- ^ Regions and Cities > Regional Statistics > Regional Economy > Regional GDP per Capita Archived 11 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine, OECD.Stats.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Archived from the original on 15 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
- ^ "Valparaíso (1820–1920) – Memoria Chilena". Archived from the original on 30 April 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ^ a b "National Statistics Institute" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
- ^ a b "Territorial division of Chile" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
- ^ "Asociacion Chilena de Municipalidades" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 19 April 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
External links
edit- Gobierno Regional de Valparaíso Archived 15 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Official website (in Spanish)
- Robinson Crusoe, Moai statues and the Rapa Nui: the stories of Chile's far-off islands Archived 30 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine