The parti-coloured bat or rearmouse (Vespertilio murinus) is a species of vesper bat that lives in temperate Eurasia, from Western and Southern Europe, eastwards over the Caucasus and Iran into Mongolia, north-east China, Korea, Afghanistan and northern Pakistan.[4]
| Parti-coloured bat | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Vespertilionidae |
| Genus: | Vespertilio |
| Species: | V. murinus
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| Binomial name | |
| Vespertilio murinus | |
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| Range of V. murinus in Eurasia | |
| Synonyms[3] | |
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Eptesicus murinus (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
Description
editTheir twittering call, similar to a bird's call, can be heard particularly in the autumn during the mating season. The parti-coloured bat has a body size of 4.8–6.4 centimetres (1.9–2.5 in) with a wingspan of 26–33 cm (10–13 in), and a weight of 11–24 grams (0.39–0.85 oz).[5] Its name is derived from its fur, which has two colours. Its back (dorsal side) is red to dark-brown, with silver-white-frosted hair. The ventral side is white or grey. The ears, wings and face are black or dark brown. The wings are narrow. The ears are short, broad and roundish. It is known to live up to 12 years.
Behaviour
editThese bats hunt for their prey, for example mosquitoes, caddis flies and moths, with a wide range of ultrasonic sounds, but especially around 25–27 kHz.[6] They hunt after twilight at heights of around 20–40 metres (66–131 ft), for example in open landscape over streams and lakes and above forests or at street lights.[7] In cold weather, the bat may remain in its resting place.
There is not much known about the behaviour of parti-coloured bats, as they are quite rare. Female bats live in small groups, of about 50 animals, sometimes up to several hundred adult females. In Western Europe, male groups consist of about 250 animals and are found only during the spring and early summer. These bats migrate, and flights of up to 900 kilometres (560 mi) were found. The furthest migration was determined at 1,780 km (1,110 mi).[1]
Between October and March, the bats hibernate. They hibernate alone, and can bear temperatures down to −5 °C (23 °F).[8]
Reproduction and birth
editFemales form maternity roosts during May and July and generally give birth to twins.[8] After the pups are weaned, which takes less than six weeks,[8] females leave the maternity roost. Birth of the young is in western Europe around beginning of June.
Distribution
editThe parti-coloured bat occurs in Central and Western Europe and in Asia. Its natural habitat is mountains, steppes and forested areas, but in Western Europe, they can mainly be found in cities. The species is protected, as it is threatened by insecticides and changes in their habitat.
References
edit- ^ a b Coroiu, I. (2016). "Vespertilio murinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22947A22071456. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T22947A22071456.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Carl Linnaeus (1758). Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I (in Latin) (10th ed.). Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius. p. 32.
- ^ "Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758 - Parti-Coloured Bat". Natural History Museum. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
- ^ "Vespertilio murinus", Science for Nature Foundation
- ^ "Rarities and vagrants" (PDF). Bat Conservation Trust. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
- ^ Maja Zagmajster (2003). "Display song of parti-coloured bat Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758 (Chiroptera, Mammalia) in southern Slovenia and preliminary study of its variability" (PDF). Natura Sloveniae. 5 (1): 27–41. doi:10.14720/ns.5.1.27-41.
- ^ S. M. Swift. "Bat species in Scotland" (PDF). Scottish Natural Heritage. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
- ^ a b c Anne-Jifke Haarsma & Henk Siepel (2013). "Macro-evolutionary trade-offs as the basis for the distribution of European bats" (PDF). Animal Biology. 63 (4): 451–471. doi:10.1163/15707563-00002424. hdl:2066/123445.