Local government in Greater London, England takes place in two tiers; an upper tier and a lower tier. The upper tier authority is the Greater London Authority (GLA), controlled by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. The lower tier authorities are the 32 borough councils and the City of London Corporation in the City of London.[1]
Upper tier
editThe Greater London Authority consists of two elected parts. They are the mayor of London, who has executive powers, and the London Assembly, who scrutinise the mayor's decisions and can accept or reject his budget proposals each year. The GLA is responsible for strategic planning, policing, the fire service, most aspects of transport and economic development. It is a recent organisation, having been set up in 2000 to replace the similar Greater London Council (GLC) which had been abolished in 1986.[1] The headquarters of the GLA and the mayor of London is at City Hall. The current mayor of London is Sadiq Khan who was elected in 2016, replacing Boris Johnson, who served two terms.
Health services in London are managed by the national government through the National Health Service, which is controlled and administered in London by a single strategic health authority called NHS London.[2]
Timeline for leaders of London-wide government
editTimeline
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Lower tier
editThe 33 local authorities are the 32 London borough councils and the City of London Corporation.[1] They are responsible for local services not overseen by the GLA, such as local planning, schools, social services, local roads and refuse collection. The London boroughs each have a council made up from representatives from political parties and single issue organisations elected every four years by local residents
The City of London does not have a conventional local authority, but is governed by the historic City of London Corporation which is elected by both residents and businesses, and which has existed more or less unchanged since the Middle Ages. The head of the Corporation is the Lord Mayor of the City of London, which is a different position from that of Mayor of London. The City of London also has its own police force: The City of London Police, which is independent of the Metropolitan Police Service which covers the rest of Greater London. Within the City of London are two liberties, the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple, which are local authorities for most purposes to the present day.[3]
- City of London
- City of Westminster
- Kensington and Chelsea
- Hammersmith and Fulham
- Wandsworth
- Lambeth
- Southwark
- Tower Hamlets
- Hackney
- Islington
- Camden
- Brent
- Ealing
- Hounslow
- Richmond
- Kingston
- Merton
- Sutton
- Croydon
- Bromley
- Lewisham
- Greenwich
- Bexley
- Havering
- Barking and Dagenham
- Redbridge
- Newham
- Waltham Forest
- Haringey
- Enfield
- Barnet
- Harrow
- Hillingdon
Civil parishes
editThe Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 allowed the creation of civil parishes (and parish councils) within London boroughs, if local residents request their creation through a petition. Prior to this, civil parishes were not permitted within Greater London.[4][5] However, only one civil parish has been created within London at Queen's Park in 2014.[6] The vast majority of London is unparished.
References
edit- ^ a b c History and general information. Archived 2008-02-23 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2007-08-17.
- ^ Strategic Health Authorities > Map Search {London} Archived 2006-01-29 at the Wayback Machine, National Health Service. Retrieved on 2007-01-09.
- ^ Middle Temple Archived 2012-09-30 at the Wayback Machine as a local authority
- ^ Sandford, Mark (15 May 2015). "Parish and town councils: recent issues". House of Commons Library. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
- ^ Guidance on Community Governance Reviews (PDF). London: Department for Communities and Local Government. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4098-2421-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-12-01. Retrieved 2010-09-11.
- ^ "Queen's Park parish gets go-ahead". BBC News. 29 May 2012.