The Order of St. Sava (Serbian: Орден Светог Саве, romanized: Orden Svetog Save) is an ecclesiastic decoration conferred by the Serbian Orthodox Church and a dynastic order presented by the house of Karađorđević. It was previously a state order awarded by both the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes/Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
| Order of St. Sava Орден Светог Саве | |
|---|---|
 Star of the order | |
Awarded by  Kingdom of Serbia Kingdom of Yugoslavia House of Karađorđević Serbian Orthodox Church | |
| Type | State order (1883-1945) Dynastic order (since 1945) Ecclesiastical order (since 1985) |
| Established | 23 January 1883 |
| Ribbon | White with Light Blue stripes on either side |
| Criteria | Meritorious achievements in the arts, science, education and religion |
| Classes | Knight Grand Cross Knight Grand Officer Commander Officer |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | Order of the Cross of Takovo (Kingdom of Serbia, 1883-1903) Order of the White Eagle (Kingdom of Serbia/Yugoslavia, 1903-1930) Order of the Yugoslav Crown (Kingdom of Yugoslavia, 1930-1945) |
 The Ribbon of the Order | |
The state order was awarded to nationals and foreigners for meritorious achievements in the field of religion, education, science and the arts as well as for social and relief work. It was abolished in 1945 with the proclamation of the People’s Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the end of the monarchy, while continuing as a dynastic order, with appointments currently made by Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia.
The ecclesiastic order is awarded to ecclesiastic and secular persons with special merits.
History
editThe Order of Saint Sava was established by Milan I of Serbia, four years after the country gained independence and its transformation from a principality into a kingdom in March 1882. It was first awarded in January 1883 to recognised civilians for meritorious achievements benefitting the Church, the arts and sciences, the royal house, and the state. In 1914, a change to the Order was made to allow soldiers of the Serbian Army who served with distinction to receive the honour, as well as to women for war merit and humanity[1] The Order of St. Sava was thereafter awarded by the kings of Serbia and its successor Yugoslavia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1945.[2]
Five grades were awarded: Knight Grand Cross, Knight, Grand Officer, Commander and Officer.
The first grade was a jewel, worn with a sash over the shoulder and also with a breast star. The second and third-grade laureates wore the Order on a neckband. The fourth grade was a medal with a triangular suspension, a rosette attached to the ribbon above the medal. The fifth grade had a triangular suspension without a rosette. The medals of the fourth and fifth grades were worn on the breast. All white ribbons had two light blue stripes.[3][4]
Several Order of St. Sava were bestowed to members of the British medical team during the First World War for "humanity and gallantry performed under fire", after their volunteer medical units followed the Serbian army during the Great Retreat through the mountains of Albania.[1]
Since 1985, the Order has been awarded on the occasion of the 800th anniversary of St. Sava. This order is dedicated to ecclesiastic and secular persons, who have special merits for the Serbian Orthodox Church. According to the ordinance of the church, each person who received a medal of third grade may receive the medal of the higher grade as well as the first grade for future merits, provided that three years have passed at least since the previous award. The order is determined in three grades: the first one is white, the second red and the third blue coloured.[5]
Laureates
editState order
edit_-_Tallinn_Museum_of_Orders.jpg){kind=icon}
- Isaac Alcalay[6]
- Xavier Arnozan, French physician, 1st Grade[7]
- Agnes Bennett, New Zealand doctor[8]
- Harry Woodburn Blaylock[9]
- William Cavendish-Bentinck, 6th Duke of Portland[10][better source needed]
- Thomas Cook[11][better source needed]
- Randall Davidson[12][better source needed]
- William Hunter, 2nd Grade 1915[13]
- Mary E. Gladwin, English-born American Red Cross nurse[14]
- Helen Hanson, British doctor, 2nd grade
- Queen Kapiolani of Hawaii,[15] Hawaii 1883
- Helen Keller, 3rd Grade 1931[16]
- Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich of Russia[17][better source needed]
- Alois Jirásek, 1926[18]
- Dominik Mandić, Herzegovinian Franciscan[19]
- Dragoljub Mihailović, 25 January 1928[15]
- Milutin Milanković[20][better source needed]
- Alojzije Mišić, 10 November 1923[21]
- Peter Norman Nissen[22]
- Nicholas Roerich, 1932[23][24]
- Marie of Romania[25][better source needed]
- Jessie Scott, New Zealand doctor[26]
- Nikola Tesla, 2nd Grade 1892[27]
- Violetta Thurstan, English nurse, 1918[28]
- Đorđe Vajfert (I grade)[29]
- Amelia Peabody Tileston (third degree), American canteen worker, 1920[30]
- Joca Vujić[31][32][33]
- Dame Rebecca West, British author and journalist.[34]
- Vladimir Rosing, Russian tenor and political activist, 5th Class, July 1922.
Ecclesiastical order
edit- Patriarch Alexy II, Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia[15]
- Novak Đoković, 2011[15]
- Aleksandr Karelin, 2013[35]
- Emir Kusturica[15]
- Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria[36][better source needed]
- Vladimir Putin[37]
- Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn[15]
- Rev. Marko B. Todorovich, 2015
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ a b Clarke, J. (2000). Gallantry Medals & Decorations of the World. Leo Cooper/Pen & Sword Books' Collectors. Leo Cooper. ISBN 978-0-85052-783-4.
- ^ Orders & Medals Research Society (1967). Orders & Medals: The Journal of the Orders & Medals Research Society. Orders and Medals Research Society.
- ^ Orders and Medals Society of America, Medal collector No. 20/1969, About the Order
- ^ Official website of the Serbian Royal Family, About the Order Archived 2012-10-23 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Centre for Research of Orthodox Monarchism, About the Church Order Archived 2016-05-22 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Foreign News-Belgrade". The Reform Advocate. Vol. LVI, no. 12. Chicago, I.L. 23 April 1921. p. 285 – via Google Books.
- ^ Burnand, Robert (1924). Qui êtes-vous? (in French). Paris: G. Ruffy. p. 19.
- ^ Hughes, Beryl. "Agnes Elizabeth Lloyd Bennett". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- ^ Tremblay, Yves (2005). "BAYLOCK, HARRY WOODBURN". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. 15. University of Toronto/Université Laval.
- ^ Acović 2013, p. 592
- ^ Acović 2013, p. 596
- ^ Acović 2013, p. 595
- ^ University of Edinburgh, Untold stories of people during First World War
- ^ Barrett Litoff, Judy (1994). European Immigrant Women in the United States. Taylor & Francis. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-8240-5306-2.
- ^ a b c d e f for SRBIN info, Milica (2019-10-08). "Tesla, Palma, Djokovic, Kusturica, Karić: All Decorated With The Order Of Sv. Sava". СРБИН.ИНФО (in Serbian). Retrieved 2020-01-06.
- ^ Helen Keller Artifact Collection Archived 2017-08-06 at the Wayback Machine, American Foundation for the Blind
- ^ Acović 2013, p. 628
- ^ "Alois Jirásek". www.payne.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 18 December 2023.
- ^ Mandić, Hrvoje (2020). Hercegovačka franjevačka provincija u Drugom svjetskom ratu i poraću [Franciscan Province of Herzegovina in the Second World War and the Postwar period] (in Croatian). Zagreb: Sveučilište u Zagrebu. p. 27.
- ^ Acović 2013, p. 344
- ^ Barun, Anđelko (13 June 2018). "Franjevci biskupi iz BiH – poslije uspostave redovite crkvene hijerarhije" [Franciscan bishops from BiH - after the establishment of the regular church hierarchy]. Svjetlo riječi (in Croatian). Sarajevo. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- ^ London Gazette
- ^ Radulovic, Nemanja. "Rerihov pokret u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji". Godišnjak Katedre za srpsku književnost sa južnoslovenskim književnostima, XI, 2016.
- ^ "Vreme - Kultura i politika: Selidba trajne pozajmice". www.vreme.com.
- ^ Acović 2013, p. 369
- ^ Ward, Fiona. "Jessie Ann Scott". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
- ^ Tesla Society Switzerland, Man Who Illuminated The Planet, p. 7
- ^ Katherine Storr (2009). Excluded from the Record: Women, Refugees, and Relief, 1914-1929. Peter Lang. pp. 215–. ISBN 978-3-03911-855-7.
- ^ Association of Serbian Banks, Knight of Serbia, Georg I. Weifert p. 181
- ^ "Serbs Recognize Work of Late Miss Tileston". The Boston Globe. 20 February 1921. p. 7. Retrieved 30 August 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Viktor Lazić (1929). "English: Charter of the decoration of Joca Vujić with the Order of the White Eagle awarded by the Kingdom of SHS (Aleksandar I Karađorđević), 1929. It can be found in the Society for Culture, Art and International Cooperation Adligat in Belgrade, Serbia". Retrieved 2024-10-24.
- ^ Viktor Lazić (1928-02-12). "English: Charter of the decoration of Joca Vujić with the Order of St. Sava awarded by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Aleksandar I Karađorđević), 1928. It can be found in the Society for Culture, Art and International Cooperation Adligat in Belgrade, Serbia". Retrieved 2024-10-24.
- ^ Viktor Lazić (1928-01-27). "English: Decree of awarding the Order of St. Sava to Joca Vujić, 1928". Retrieved 2024-10-24.
- ^ Gale, Cengage Learning (2016). A Study Guide for Rebecca West's "Black Lamb and Grey Falcon: A Journey through Yugoslavia". Gale, Cengage Learning. p. 7. ISBN 9781410341457.
- ^ "Aleksandr Karelin, Order of St Sava: Neka Bog čuva Srbiju i Rusiju..." www.novosti.rs (in Serbian (Latin script)).
- ^ Acović 2013, p. 601
- ^ "Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin awarded the Serbian Orthodox Church's highest distinction | Serbian Orthodox Church [Official website]". Archived from the original on 2019-11-16. Retrieved 2019-11-16.
References
edit- Dragomir M. Acović (2013). Glory and Honour: Decorations among Serbs (Slava i čast: odlikovanja među Srbima) (in Serbian). Službeni Glasnik. ISBN 978-86-519-1750-2.[better source needed]
- John Clarke (12 September 2000). Gallantry Medals & Decorations of the World. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-4738-1451-6.
