Nubar Sarkis Gulbenkian (Armenian: Նուպար Սարգիս Կիւլպէնկեան; 2 June 1896 – 10 January 1972) was an Armenian-British business magnate and socialite[2] born in the Ottoman empire. During World War II, he helped organize the underground network that would become known as the Pat O'Leary Line to repatriate British airmen who became stranded in France.
Nubar Gulbenkian | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Nubar Sarkis Gulbenkian 2 June 1896 |
| Died | 10 January 1972 (aged 75) Cannes, France |
| Nationality | Armenian British |
| Education | Harrow School |
| Alma mater | Trinity College, Cambridge |
| Occupation | Businessman |
| Spouses |
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| Parent | Calouste Gulbenkian |
Early years
editThe son of Calouste Gulbenkian, he was born in Kadıköy, Ottoman Empire but his family fled from the country when he was a few weeks old due to the Hamidian massacres of Armenians.[3] Taken by his father to England, he was educated at Harrow School, Trinity College, Cambridge and in Germany. He was admitted as a student to the Middle Temple on 18 October 1917, but was not Called to the Bar. As a consequence of his educational background Gulbenkian saw himself as British and strove to live up to the model of the English gentleman.[citation needed]
Gulbenkian was living in what became Vichy France when Nazi Germany invaded and occupied France in summer 1940. From July to October, he was an agent for the British intelligence agency MI9. Working with Ian Garrow, he laid the groundwork for the creation of a network of people to guide stranded allied soldiers over the Pyrenees mountains to non-belligerent Spain, from where they could be repatriated to the United Kingdom.[4] As the war went on most of the escapees became airmen shot down over occupied Europe.[5] Following Garrow's arrest, the urban network was led by Albert-Marie Guérisse, and became known by his nom de guerre, the Pat O'Leary Line.[6][7] Later, Gulbenkian was attached to the Iranian Embassy in London in an honorary role (as he held Iranian citizenship).[8] This helped him during the war as his neutral passport allowed him to cross between France and Spain with little trouble and thus gain access to British intelligence in Gibraltar.[9]
Business
edit
Gulbenkian began as an unpaid worker for his father, who was as noted for his miserly tendencies as his son would be for his spending, but later sued his father for $10 million, bizarrely after a refusal by the company to allow him $4.50 for a lunch of chicken in tarragon jelly.[8] Ultimately the incident contributed to Calouste Gulbenkian's decision to leave $420 million of his fortune to the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in Portugal.[8]
Although he ultimately inherited $2.5 million from his father, as well as more in a settlement from the Foundation, Gulbenkian also became independently wealthy through his own oil dealings.[8] He was initially the protégé of Henri Deterding at Royal Dutch Shell[4] but later made an independent fortune which allowed him to live a highly extravagant lifestyle.[citation needed]
Eccentricity
editGulbenkian's long beard, monocle and the orchid in his buttonhole which was replaced daily led to him becoming noted for a fairly eccentric life, with a number of stories building up around his name. Indeed, his character was summed up by an associate who claimed that "Nubar is so tough that every day he tires out three stockbrokers, three horses and three women".[8] He was a regular face on the international playboy scene.[citation needed]
An aficionado of the London taxi, he frequently stated that 'It turns on a sixpence, whatever that is!' He had two Austin FX4 cabs converted to his own specifications, with the passenger compartment re-modelled as the rear part of a horse-drawn Hackney carriage, and despite their somewhat bizarre appearance, one of the vehicles sold for £23,000 in 1993.[10]
He was an early guest of John Freeman on the BBC series Face to Face in 1959, but refused to sign a contract or accept a fee for his appearance. During the interview he attacked the Trustees of the Gulbenkian Foundation in what bordered on slander.[11] Following his appearance, he sued the Corporation to be given a copy of the episode, which he claimed had been promised in lieu of a fee, although the suit was not successful.[12]
A well-known gourmet, he was quoted as saying that 'the best number for a dinner party is two – myself and a damn good head waiter.'[13] Other stories attached to his name include stating his "position in life" on a market research form as "enviable".[citation needed]
Personal life
editHe was married three times, "I've had good wives, as wives go, and as wives go, two of them went". In 1922, he married Galician socialite Herminia Elena Josefa Rodríguez-Borrell Feijóo. In 1928, he married Dora Freeland (aka Doré Plowden) in London.[14] He courted Marie Berthe Edmée de Ayala, daughter of the French champagne tycoon Louis d'Ayala, for 14 years before they married in 1948. He had no children.[15]
He lived at Arlington House, a block of flats close to London's Ritz Hotel, and at a former rectory in Hoggeston, near Bletchley, Buckinghamshire.[15]
He died on 10 January 1972 at the English Hospital in Cannes, France, and had lived nearby at his "sumptuous estate" the Domaine des Colles at Valbonne.[15]
Will
editControversy continued to follow him after his death due to the vague nature of his father's will, which appeared to suggest that everybody Nubar was employed by or stayed with during his life should receive some money (See Re Gulbenkian's Settlements [1970] AC 553). The case was eventually taken to the House of Lords before settlement.[16]
References
edit- ^ "Obits: "Gu" – "Gz"". Caskets on Parade. C.O.P. Audit Committee. 1 April 2007. Retrieved 28 January 2008.
- ^ "A man with a passion for Rollers". The Daily Telegraph. 14 February 2004. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
- ^ Gulbenkian, Nubar S. (1965). Pantaraxia: The Autobiography of Nubar Gulbenkian. Hutchinson & Company. p. 10.
I was their first-born. I was only a few weeks old when we left Kadi Keui and fled from Turkey, for the year 1896 was the time of the Armenian massacres.
- ^ a b N. Gulbenkian, Portrait in Oil: The Autobiography of Nubar Gulbenkian, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1965
- ^ Neave, pp. 63-65
- ^ Levine, Alan J. (2000). Captivity, Flight, and Survival in World War II. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 10. ISBN 9780275969554. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
- ^ Neave, Airey; Greenwood Publishing Group The Escape Room, regained; New York; 1969, pp. 62-64.
- ^ a b c d e "Last of the Big Spenders". Time. 24 January 1972. Archived from the original on 25 December 2007. Retrieved 28 January 2008.
- ^ Sherri Greene Ottis, Silent Heroes: Downed Airmen and the French Underground, p. 78
- ^ Adams, Keith (12 July 2011). "Specialist conversions". Austin Rover Online. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
- ^ Asa Briggs The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom, Volume V, Oxford University Press, 1995, p. 170
- ^ Burnett, Hugh (23 November 2007). "Nubar Gulbenkian interview". Memoryshare. BBC. Retrieved 28 January 2008.
- ^ "Nubar Gulbenkian quotes". ThinkExist.com Quotations. Retrieved 28 January 2008.
- ^ Person Details for Nubar S Gulbenkian
- ^ a b c Krebs, Albin (12 January 1972). "Nubar Gulbenkian, Oil Millionaire, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
- ^ Alastair Hudson, Equity & Trusts, p.95