38°04′26″S 176°43′12″E / 38.074°S 176.720°E The Tasman Mill site is a pulp and paper mill located on Fletcher Avenue just outside the town of Kawerau in New Zealand. The Tasman Mill site is the largest single employer in the Eastern Bay of Plenty region[citation needed]. Three pulp or paper companies previously operated in Kawerau: Norske Skog operated the mechanical pulp mill and newsprint paper mill; Oji Fibre Solutions, formerly Carter Holt Harvey, operated the kraft pulp mill; and SCA (now Essity) who manufacture tissue and base paper (physically separate mill on Fletcher Avenue).
The Tasman Pulp and Paper Mill has been a source of controversy due to the discharging of waste into the Tarawera River.[1] Despite protests from locals (including local Iwi), resource consent was renewed in 2009 to allow for discharge into the river for the next 25 years.[2]
The workforce at the Tasman Mill declined from its peak in the 1980s. The Norske Skog Tasman mill that produced newsprint was closed in June 2021, with the loss of 160 jobs.
The main product from the Oji Fibre Solutions site is kraft pulp that is used for making containerboard and kraft paper.[3]
History
edit
In 1952 the Tasman Pulp and Paper Company established a mill to process timber from maturing stands of Radiata Pine in the state-owned Kaingaroa Forest.[4] The site was chosen because of the ready availability of geothermal steam as a power source. Land for the mill was purchased from local Māori landowners for £50 per acre.[5][6] Pulping operations were underway by 1955.[7]
In the 1970s a number of expansion projects took place within the mill which in turn led to a significant increase in employees. More recently, introduction of new technology, coupled with the decline of the timber industry from 1980 onwards, resulted in a decline in the mill's workforce, from around 2,000 in the mid-1980s to 1,200 in 1998. The population of Kawerau reduced from 8,593 in 1981 to 6,921 in 2006.[8][9] In 2000, Fletcher Challenge sold its shareholding in the mill to Norske Skog.[10]
The accessibility of geothermal energy led to the construction of an on-site 100 MW geothermal power station, commissioned in 2008.[11] The plant provided cost certainty to industry operating within the mill.
Newsprint production
editHistorically, Norske Skog Tasman supplied all of New Zealand's newsprint and telephone directory requirements and also provided around thirty percent of Australia's newsprint requirements. Norske Skog Tasman was a wholly owned subsidiary of Norske Skogindustrier ASA, a Norwegian pulp and paper company based in Oslo. The corporation is the world's largest producer of newsprint magazine paper. Annual paper production by Norske Skog Tasman was 300,000 tonnes from the company's two paper machines.[12] A third paper machine was closed in an attempt to remain competitive in the overseas market.
In August 2012, Norske Skog announced that it intended to cut production in the face of declining global and regional demand for newsprint. The company stated that it was currently exporting two thirds of its annual production to Asia, but that low newsprint prices, unfavourable exchange rates and oversupply to the Asian region has made this market unprofitable.[13]
On 9 June 2021 Norske Skog announced the paper mill that produces newsprint would close at the end of that month, with the loss of 160 jobs.[14] The closure was a result of a decline in demand for newsprint, the mill's only product.[15] The Norske Skog Tasman Mill closed on 29 June 2021.[16]
Kraft pulp production
editCurrently Oji Fibre Solutions process approximately 1.25 million cubic metres of wood annually, converting it into specialty bleached and unbleached pulp for use in the manufacture of paper, tissue and building products.[17] Forty percent is subsequently sold to customers in New Zealand, primarily Norske Skog.
Essity also purchases pulp from Oji Fibre Solutions for manufacture of base paper for their brands Purex and Libra, among others.
The balance of production from both Norske Skog and Oji Fibre Solutions is exported throughout Asia and Oceania earning export income of $224 million.[12]
Tissue paper production
editIn 2014, a major expansion of the SCA Kawerau tissue paper production site was officially opened.[18] The SCA Group was split into two companies in 2017, with Essity taking the hygiene products.[19] In August 2022, an industrial dispute led to 145 workers being locked out by Essity, causing concern about the supply of toilet paper, because the plant is the only domestic producer of toilet tissue.[20]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "Iwi not giving up fight against Tasman mill discharges". Radio New Zealand. 18 December 2010. Archived from the original on 22 December 2010. Retrieved 18 December 2010.
- ^ Davison, Isaac (16 October 2009). "Mill gets 25-year pollution consent - Business - NZ Herald News". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 24 April 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
- ^ "Oji Fibre Solutions (NZ) Ltd". www.ojifs.com. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ^ "Norske Skog Tasman". Norske Skog. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ^ "LAND FOR TASMAN MILL". The Press. 28 April 1953. p. 8. Retrieved 20 February 2024 – via Papers Past.
- ^ "TASMAN PAPER MILL SITE". The Press. 23 May 1953. p. 6. Retrieved 20 February 2024 – via Papers Past.
- ^ Wright, Matthew (1999). Working together - The history of Carter Oji Kokusaku Pan Pacific Ltd 1971-1993. p. 6. ISBN 0-473-05378-0.
- ^ McKinnon, Malcolm (19 April 2010). "10. Kawerau district - Bay of Plenty places". Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
- ^ Resource Community Formation & Change: A Case Study of Kawerau Archived 15 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine Wayne McClintock, Taylor Baines & Associates
- ^ "Norske Skog's 50th anniversary". Norske Skog. Archived from the original on 11 March 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ^ Bradley, Grant (2 July 2008). "Full steam ahead for new Kawerau plant". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 10 September 2008.
- ^ a b Pankhurst, Tim (25 August 2009). "A crop of paper". Stuff. Archived from the original on 12 December 2009. Retrieved 18 December 2009.
- ^ "Paper mill cuts threat for power industry". The New Zealand Herald. 22 August 2012. Archived from the original on 21 August 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
- ^ "Kawerau paper mill to close, 160 people to lose jobs". RNZ. 9 June 2021. Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
- ^ Olivier, Cira. "'Sombre' mood as book closes on Kawerau paper mill". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ^ Jones, Charlotte (29 June 2022). "The last days of the Norske Skog Tasman Mill". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2009.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "PM opens $60 million expansion of SCA Kawerau". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ^ "Separate ways - all about the SCA split" (PDF). Essity.com. February 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
- ^ "'You don't need to hoard toilet paper' - Consumer NZ". RNZ. 26 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
External links
edit- Documentary about the mill (1957) on YouTube
- Norske Skog Tasman homepage
- Oji Fibre Solutions
- History of Tasman Pulp & Paper Co. 1952-2000 at the Fletcher Trust Archives
- The Tasman Pulp and Paper Mill at Engineering New Zealand