No. 6 Group RCAF was a group of Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) heavy bomber squadrons in Europe during the Second World War, between 1942 and 1945. The group operated out of airfields in Yorkshire, England.
| No. 6 Group RCAF | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Active | 25 October 1942 – 31 August 1945 |
| Country |  Canada |
| Branch | .svg){kind=small} Royal Canadian Air Force |
| Role | Strategic and tactical bombing |
| Size | 14 squadrons at peak strength |
| Part of | RAF Bomber Command |
| Garrison/HQ | Allerton Park, Yorkshire |
| Motto(s) | Latin: Sollertia et ingenium ("Initiative and skill")[1] |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Air Vice-Marshal G.E. Brookes, Air Vice-Marshal C.M. McEwen |
| Insignia | |
| Group badge heraldry | A maple leaf superimposed on a York rose[1] |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Bomber | Vickers Wellington Short Stirling Handley Page Halifax Avro Lancaster |
| Trainer | British Aircraft Eagle Foster Wikner Wicko Airspeed Oxford |
History
editNo. 6 Group was a Royal Canadian Air Force formation, differing from the previous No. 6 Group RAF. Air Commodore Charles Rumney Samson led No. 6 Group from 1924 to 1926. In 1936, No. 1 (Air Defence) Group RAF, a group of auxiliary bomber squadrons formed in 1926, was renamed No. 6 (Auxiliary) Group. No. 6 (Auxiliary) Group was renamed No. 6 (Bomber) Group on 1 January 1939. No. 6 (Bomber) Group initially was an operational bomber group. The first bombing attack on the naval base at Wilhelmshaven was by Nos. 107 and 110 Squadrons from No. 6 (Bomber) Group RAF with Bristol Blenheim bombers on 4 September 1939. In the spring of 1940, it became dedicated to controlling Bomber Command Operational Training Units providing three months training to new bomber crews and occasionally adding bombers to bomber streams. No. 6 (Bomber) Group RAF was renamed No. 91 (Bomber) Group RAF on 11 May 1942 and the 6 Group designation was transferred to the RCAF on 25 October 1942.[2][3]
No. 6 Group RCAF was made up of Article XV squadrons: RCAF units formed under the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, for service with British operational formations; hence No. 6 Group was part of Royal Air Force (RAF) Bomber Command. However, a significant number of personnel from the RAF, Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) and other Allied air forces were attached to 6 Group during the war.
Formation
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Significant operations involving 6 Group included raids on U-boat bases in Lorient and Saint-Nazaire, France and night bombing raids on industrial complexes and urban centres in Germany.
The RCAF began participating in operations by RAF Bomber Command in 1941, but its squadrons were initially attached to RAF groups. In addition, many individual RCAF personnel belonged to RAF aircrews, in RAF squadrons. The Canadian government wanted RCAF bomber squadrons and personnel to be concentrated, as much as possible, in a distinct, identifiably Canadian group. To this end, 6 (RCAF) Group was formed on 25 October 1942[4] with eight squadrons.
At the peak of its strength, 6 Group consisted of 14 squadrons.[5] Fifteen squadrons would eventually serve with the group, which was almost every RCAF heavy bomber squadron.[5][6] Headquarters for 6 Group was at Allerton Park near Knaresborough and Harrogate in North Yorkshire.
| Station | Squadron | Aircraft | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| RAF Croft | No. 420 Squadron RCAF No. 427 Squadron RCAF 1535 BATF |
Vickers Wellington Vickers Wellington Airspeed Oxford |
Mk.III Mks.III, X |
| RAF Dishforth | No. 424 Squadron RCAF No. 425 Squadron RCAF No. 426 Squadron RCAF No. 428 Squadron RCAF No. 1659 (Canadian) Heavy Conversion Unit RAF 1512 BATF |
Vickers Wellington Vickers Wellington Vickers Wellington Vickers Wellington Handley Page Halifax Airspeed Oxford |
Mks.III, X Mks.III, X Mks.III, X Mks.III, X Mks.I, II |
| RAF Leeming | No. 420 Squadron RCAF | Handley Page Halifax | Mk.II |
| RAF Middleton St. George | No. 419 Squadron RCAF | Handley Page Halifax | Mk.II |
| RAF Skipton-on-Swale | No. 408 Squadron RCAF | Handley Page Halifax | Mk.II |
| RAF Topcliffe | Group Communications Flight (GCF) | British Aircraft Eagle Foster Wikner Wicko |
Operations
editNo. 6 Group flew 40,822 operational sorties.[4] A total of 814 aircraft[4] and approximately 5,700 airmen did not return from operations and 4,203 [10] airmen lost their lives.
Stations
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No. 6 Group was mainly formed from 4 Group, which was based primarily in Yorkshire. Once split, most of 6 Group`s airfields were north of York and most of 4 Group`s were south and east of the city.[11] Like most other groups within RAF Bomber Command, the "base" system was used for station organization.[12]
Four bases comprising 11 stations made up No. 6 Group. A base consisted of a main station, or headquarters, and a number of sub-stations. Late in 1943, Bomber Command bases were designated with a two-number identifier. The first number represented the group number, and the second number represented the base within that group. The first base within the group was the group's training base. No. 61 Base was therefore the training base for No. 6 Group. Each base was commanded by an air commodore, and each station was commanded by a group captain.
| No. 61 (RCAF) Base[13] | No. 62 (RCAF) (Beaver) Base[14] | No. 63 (RCAF) Base[13] | No. 64 (RCAF) Base[13] |
|---|---|---|---|
| RAF Topcliffe, Yorkshire (HQ) | RAF Linton-on-Ouse, Yorkshire (HQ) | RAF Leeming, Yorkshire (HQ) | RAF Middleton St. George, County Durham (HQ) |
| RAF Dishforth, Yorkshire | RAF East Moor, Yorkshire | RAF Skipton-on-Swale, Yorkshire | RAF Croft, North Yorkshire |
| RAF Dalton, Yorkshire | RAF Tholthorpe, Yorkshire | ||
| RAF Wombleton, Yorkshire |
Commanders
editNo. 6 Group's commanders were:[15]
- 25 October 1942 to 28 February 1944 Air Vice-Marshal George Brookes with headquarters at Allerton Park, Yorkshire, England
- 29 February 1944 to 13 July 1945 Air Vice-Marshal Clifford McEwen with headquarters at Allerton Park, Yorkshire, England
- 14 July to 1 September 1945 Air Commodore John Kerr at Main Headquarters at Halifax, Nova Scotia
- 14 July 45 to 1 September 1945 Air Commodore J L Hurley at Rear Headquarters, Allerton Park
Operational squadrons
edit- No. 405 Squadron RCAF
- No. 408 Squadron RCAF
- No. 415 Squadron RCAF
- No. 419 Squadron RCAF
- No. 420 (Snowy Owl) Squadron RCAF
- No. 424 Squadron RCAF
- No. 425 Squadron RCAF
- No. 426 Squadron RCAF
- No. 427 Squadron RCAF
- No. 428 (Ghost) Squadron RCAF
- No. 429 Squadron RCAF
- No. 431 Squadron RCAF
- No. 432 (Leaside) Squadron RCAF
- No. 433 Squadron RCAF
- No. 434 Squadron RCAF
See also
editReferences
editNotes
edit- ^ a b Moyes 1976, p. 344.
- ^ "Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation, Group No's 1 - 9" Retrieved 19 February 2010
- ^ Dunmore & Carter 1991, p. 4.
- ^ a b c Moyes 1976, p. 346.
- ^ a b Milberry 1984, p. 166.
- ^ Dunmore & Carter 1991, p. 375.
- ^ Halley 1988, pp. 494–510.
- ^ Delve 1994, p. 62.
- ^ Sturtivant 2007, pp. 97, 125–126.
- ^ Bashow 2005, p. 458.
- ^ Otter 1998, p. 15.
- ^ Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Bomber Command Bases. Retrieved 19 February 2010
- ^ a b c Clarke 2008, p. 139.
- ^ Sturtivant 2007, p. 77.
- ^ Airfield. No. 6 Group
Bibliography
edit- Bashow, David L. (2005). No prouder place : Canadians and the Bomber Command experience, 1939-1945. St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing. ISBN 1-55125-098-5.
- Clarke, B. (2008). The Archaeology of Airfields. Stroud, UK: Tempus Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7524-4401-7. 139
- Delve, Ken (1994). The source book of the RAF. Shrewsbury, England: Airlife. ISBN 1-85310-451-5. OCLC 30746063.
- Dunmore, Spencer; Carter, William (1991). Reap the whirlwind : the untold story of 6 Group, Canada's Bomber Force of World War II. Toronto, Ontario: McClelland & Stewart. ISBN 0-7710-2924-1. OCLC 27108343.
- Halley, James J. (1988). The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth 1918-1988. Tonbridge: Air-Britain. ISBN 0-85130-164-9. OCLC 59998589.
- Milberry, Larry, ed. (1984). Sixty years : the RCAF and CF Air Command 1924-1984. Toronto: CANAV Books. ISBN 0-9690703-4-9. OCLC 12582777.
- Moyes, Philip J.R. (1976). Bomber squadrons of the R.A.F. and their aircraft (2nd ed.). London: Macdonald and Jane's. ISBN 978-0-354-01027-6. OCLC 3222722.
- Otter, Patrick (1998). Yorkshire airfields in the Second World War. Newbury: Countryside Books. ISBN 1-85306-542-0. OCLC 40339044.
- Sturtivant, Ray (2007). Royal Air Force flying training and support units since 1912. Tonbridge: Air-Britain. ISBN 978-0-85130-365-9. OCLC 183145226.