The redheaded pine sawfly, European pine sawfly or Neodiprion sertifer, is a sawfly species in the genus Neodiprion. Native to Europe, it was accidentally introduced to North America in 1925, where it has established itself as a commercial pest.[1]
| Redheaded pine sawfly | |
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| Neodiprion sertifer larvae on a pine in Dordogne France | |
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| Species: | N. sertifer
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| Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) 1785
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The larvae of Exhyalanthrax afer feed on N. sertifer cocoons.
Life cycle
editThe European pine sawfly typically hatches from early April to late May. The larvae feed on existing pine needles. When they mature, they spin into cocoons. In the fall, they leave their cocoons as wasp-like creatures and mate. September and October are when the female lays eggs in pine trees for the next generation. Their favorite trees are Scots pine, red pine, Jack pine, and Japanese pines.[2][3]
Pest
editThe European pine sawfly is a pest as it eats a lot of needles.[4] While this can stunt the growth of the tree, it rarely is enough to kill the tree. For controlling it, one can use natural parasites, remove the eggs from the tree, or spray pesticides. Any standard pesticide sprayed on them during their larval stage will kill them. Spraying is usually done very early, often as soon as they are seen.
Biochemistry
editThe caterpillars contain chemical compounds including (+)-Catechin 7-O-β-glucoside, isorhamnetin 3,7,4′-tri-O-β-glucoside, kaempferol 3,7,4′-tri-O-β-glucoside and quercetin 3,7,4′-tri-O-β-glucoside; these have been isolated from the hemolymph. None of these compounds is present in the needles of P. sylvestris, therefore, these flavonoid glucosides are produced by the larvae from flavonoid monoglucosides and (+)-catechin obtained from the pine needles.[5]
Gallery
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Damage from a European pine sawfly outbreak from the previous year. Growth on the edge of the branch came after the sawflies were killed. Second year growth is the first that gets eaten. Here, older growth survived due to pesticide use. -
Recently hatched larvae. Brown bumps on pine needles are eggs. Tiny black spots near the bud are the sawflies. -
An Austrian pine partially eaten by sawflies. -
Cluster of European pine sawflies on Austrian pine. This picture was taken in mid-May, larvae about a month old. -
Larval clusters on dwarf mugo pine
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Wilson, Louis. "European Pine Sawfly" (PDF). US Department of Agriculture. US Government Printing Office. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- ^ David J. Shetlar. "European Pine Sawfly". Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
- ^ Katherine Mazzey, Michael Masiuk. "European Pine Sawfly Fact Sheet". Retrieved 11 January 2013.
- ^ Krokene, Paal (6 December 2014). "The common pine sawfly – a troublesome relative". Science Nordic. Archived from the original on 29 November 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
- ^ Flavonoid Metabolites in the Hemolymph of European Pine Sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer) Larvae. Matti Vihakas, Petri Tähtinen, Vladimir Ossipov and Juha-Pekka Salminen, Journal of Chemical Ecology, May 2012, Volume 38, Issue 5, pages 538-546, doi:10.1007/s10886-012-0113-y
External links
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